The closed loop of the circCLIP2/miR-361-3p/STAT2 signaling axis regulates the progression of cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis and the progression of cancer through various pathways. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in cervical cancer are not fully understood. The present study was designed to explore the biological functions and potential mechanisms of circCLIP2 (has_circ_0001717) in cervical cancer. METHODS: The expression profiles of circRNAs in cancerous and adjacent normal tissues of cervical cancer patients were examined using RNA sequencing. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were carried out to determine the biological functions of circCLIP2 in the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. qRT-PCR was also used to evaluate the expression of circCLIP2, miR-361-3p and STAT2 in cervical cancer cells. The protein levels of STAT2 were determined by western blotting. RESULTS: CircCLIP2 was identified as the most down-regulated molecule in the cancerous tissues of cervical cancer patients compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the levels of circCLIP2 was decreased in cervical cancer patients with metastasis and advanced tumour stage, and patients with high-circCLIP2-expression exhibited poorer survival rate. In addition, over-expression of circCLIP2 suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells, whereas cell apoptosis was enhanced. Moreover, down-regulated circCLIP2 functioned as the sponge of miR-361-3p, which reduced the expression of STAT2. Furthermore, knockdown of STAT2 inhibited the expression of circCLIP2 at the transcriptional level. CONCLUSION: The circCLIP2/miR-361-3p/STAT2 signalling could mediate the progression of cervical cancer. CircCLIP2 may become a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

Investigation of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency based on a Network Pharmacology and Experiment Verifications.

INTRODUCTION: Premature ovarian insufficiency [POI] is a disease characterized by a premature decline in ovarian function before the age of 40. In China, Ligustrum lucidum [FLL] has long been used to improve ovarian function and treat POI. METHODS: This study aims to verify the effect of FLL on POI through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in-vitro cell experiments. RESULTS: A total of 13 active substances were screened in FLL, including including quercetin, taxifolin, luteolin, kaempferol, and beta-sitosterol. Then, network analysis found that FLL may exert effects on POI through 10 targets, including AR, ESR1, ESR2, KDR, CYP19A1, CLPP, GC, MMP3, PPARG, and STS. According to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, FLL is associated with mechanisms related to estrogen, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, and the estrogen signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirms the interaction between the active ingredients of FLL and CYP19A1, which encodes aromatase. CCK8 experiment confirmed that quercetin and taxifolin can enhance the proliferation of KGN granulosa cells, while quercetin, taxifolin, and kaempferol can inhibit the apoptosis of KGN granulosa cells. ELISA experiments have confirmed that quercetin, taxifolin, luteolin, and kaempferol can increase the synthesis of estradiol in KGN granulosa cells. WB confirms that quercetin can increase the expression level of CYP19A1 in KGN cells. CONCLUSION: FLL can improve the proliferation, apoptosis, and synthesis of estradiol in ovarian granulosa cells, and has the potential to treat POI.

Biofouling sponges as natural eDNA samplers for marine vertebrate biodiversity monitoring.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has now become a core approach in marine biodiversity research, which typically involves the collection of water or sediment samples. Yet, recently, filter-feeding organisms have received much attention for their potential role as natural eDNA samplers. While the indiscriminate use of living organisms as 'sampling tools' might in some cases raise conservation concerns, there are instances in which highly abundant sessile organisms may become a nuisance as biofouling on artificial marine structures. Here we demonstrate how a sea sponge species that colonizes the moorings of the world's largest curtain of hydroacoustic receivers can become a powerful natural collector of fish biodiversity information. By sequencing eDNA extracted from Vazella pourtalesii retrieved from moorings during routine biofouling maintenance, we detected 23 species of marine fish and mammals, compared to 19 and 15 species revealed by surface and bottom water eDNA respectively, and 28 species captured by groundfish survey in the surrounding area, which are more ecologically impactful and involve higher additional costs. Sponge-based species inventories proved at least as informative as those obtained by traditional survey methods, and are also able to detect seasonal differences in fish assemblages. We conclude that opportunistic sampling of marine sponge biofouling may become an efficient way to document and monitor biodiversity in our rapidly changing oceans.

High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in ischemic stroke and carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis: A review.

Ischemic stroke is a significant burden on human health worldwide. Carotid Atherosclerosis stenosis plays an important role in the comprehensive assessment and prevention of ischemic stroke patients. High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a successful technique for assessing carotid atherosclerosis stenosis. This advanced imaging modality has shown promise in effectively displaying a wide range of characteristics associated with the condition, leading to a comprehensive evaluation. High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging not only enables a comprehensive evaluation of the instability of carotid atherosclerosis stenosis plaques but also provides valuable information for understanding the pathogenesis and predicting the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. The purpose of this article is to review the application of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerotic stenosis.

Intra-Articular Injection of Interleukin-8 Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Effectively Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression in Rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: Cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), and this study aims to assess the therapeutic potential of an IL-8 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) for OA intervention. DESIGN: The study employed a rabbit model of OA induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) surgery to investigate the effects of an interleukin (IL)-8 neutralizing mAb, with hyaluronic acid (HA) used as a positive control. Primary outcomes assessed in the rabbits included cartilage repair, synovitis, joint effusion, changes in footprints, and lower limb loading conditions. RESULTS: Compared to HA, intra-articular injection of the IL-8 neutralizing mAb demonstrated a more pronounced attenuation of OA progression and enhancement of cartilage repair. We observed a reduction in synovitis and joint effusion, indications of bone marrow edema, as well as improvements in lower limb function. In knees treated with the neutralizing IL-8 mAb, there was a significant decrease in IL-8 levels within the synovial tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The IL-8 neutralizing mAb exhibits promising therapeutic potential in the management of OA by attenuating inflammation and facilitating cartilage repair. However, further investigations are warranted to comprehensively elucidate the underlying mechanisms, optimize treatment protocols, and ensure the long-term safety and efficacy of this innovative therapeutic approach.

The impact of age and number of mutations on the size of clonal hematopoiesis.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) represents the clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny driven by somatic mutations. Accurate risk assessment of CH is critical for disease prevention and clinical decision-making. The size of CH has been showed to associate with higher disease risk, yet, factors influencing the size of CH are unknown. In addition, the characteristics of CH in long-lived individuals are not well documented. Here, we report an in-depth analysis of CH in longevous (≥90 y old) and common (60~89 y old) elderly groups. Utilizing targeted deep sequencing, we found that the development of CH is closely related to age and the expression of aging biomarkers. The longevous elderly group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of CH and significantly higher frequency of TET2 and ASXL1 mutations, suggesting that certain CH could be beneficial to prolong life. Intriguingly, the size of CH neither correlates significantly to age, in the range of 60 to 110 y old, nor to the expression of aging biomarkers. Instead, we identified a strong correlation between large CH size and the number of mutations per individual. These findings provide a risk assessment biomarker for CH and also suggest that the evolution of the CH is influenced by factor(s) in addition to age.

Effects of laparoscopic and choledochoscopic gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy on levels of operation indicators, gallbladder function, and cholecystokinin type-A receptor in patients with gallstones.

Introduction: Gallstones are a common digestive system disease. Aim: To assess the effects of laparoscopic and choledochoscopic gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy on the levels of operation indicators, gallbladder function, and cholecystokinin type-A receptor (CCKAR) in patients with gallstones. Material and methods: The medical records of 100 patients with gallstones receiving operation from July 2019 to August 2022 were collected for retrospective analysis. They were divided into a laparoscopic group (n = 48) and a laparoscopic + choledochoscopic group (n = 52). The laparoscopic group received totally laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy, while the laparoscopic + choledochoscopic group underwent laparoscopic and choledochoscopic cholecystolithotomy. Their perioperative indicators, gallbladder function, stress indicators (cortisol (Cor), norepinephrine (NE), and C-reactive protein (CRP)), serum biochemical indicators (liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1), CCKAR, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)), and complications were compared. Results: The fasting gallbladder volume and gallbladder contraction rate increased, and the minimum residual volume and gallbladder wall thickness decreased in the laparoscopic + choledochoscopic group in comparison with those of the laparoscopic group 6 months after operation (p < 0.05). The levels of serum Cor, NE, CRP, and CCKAR were elevated, whereas the levels of serum LRH-1 and VIP were lowered in both groups 3 d after operation compared with those before operation (p < 0.05). The levels of serum Cor, NE, CRP, LRH-1, and VIP were lower, and the level of serum CCKAR was higher in the laparoscopic + choledochoscopic group than those in the laparoscopic group 3 d after operation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both laparoscopic gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy and laparoscopic and choledochoscopic cholecystolithotomy are effective for treating gallstones. However, the latter combination method is superior in enhancing postoperative gallbladder function, decreasing the recurrence risk, regulating the expressions of LRH-1, CCKAR, and VIP, and promoting the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function.

Hemodynamics combined with inflammatory indicators exploring relationships between ischemic stroke and symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke, and high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) can be used to assess the plaque characteristics of ICAS. This study combined HR-VWI, hemodynamics, and peripheral blood inflammatory indicators to investigate the role of these factors in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS) and their inter-relationships. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery stenosis were recruited retrospectively from June 2018 to July 2022. Plaque enhancement was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, and the degree of plaque enhancement was graded according to the plaque-to-pituitary stalk contrast ratio (CR). Computational fluid dynamics models were constructed, and then hemodynamic parameters, including wall shear stress (WSS) and pressure ratio (PR), were measured and recorded. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors that can predict sICAS. In addition, the correlation analysis between the plaque characteristics on HR-VWI, hemodynamic parameters, and peripheral blood inflammatory indicators was performed to investigate the interrelationships between these factors. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were included. A higher proportion of plaque enhancement, maximum WSS, and WSS ratio (WSSR) were significantly associated with sICAS. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only the WSSR was an independent risk factor for sICAS. The correlation analysis revealed that both the CR and plaque burden showed linear positive correlation with the WSSR (R = 0.411, P = 0.022; R = 0.474, P = 0.007, respectively), and showed linear negative correlation with the lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (R = 0.382, P = 0.031; R = 0.716, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The plaque enhancement and WSSR were significantly associated with sICAS, WSSR was an independent risk factor for sICAS. Plaque enhancement and plaque burden showed linear correlation with the WSSR and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Hemodynamics and inflammation combined to promote plaque progression.

Trapped DNA fragments in marine sponge specimens unveil North Atlantic deep-sea fish diversity.

Sponges pump water to filter feed and for diffusive oxygen uptake. In doing so, trace DNA fragments from a multitude of organisms living around them are trapped in their tissues. Here we show that the environmental DNA retrieved from archived marine sponge specimens can reconstruct the fish communities at the place of sampling and discriminate North Atlantic assemblages according to biogeographic region (from Western Greenland to Svalbard), depth habitat (80-1600 m), and even the level of protection in place. Given the cost associated with ocean biodiversity surveys, we argue that targeted and opportunistic sponge samples - as well as the specimens already stored in museums and other research collections - represent an invaluable trove of biodiversity information that can significantly extend the reach of ocean monitoring.

Intraocular complement activation is related to retinal vascular and neuronal degeneration in myopic retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the intraocular levels of complement proteins and myopia-related retinal neuronal and vascular degeneration. Methods: Aqueous humour from 147 myopic patients, including 60 low-myopia and 87 high-myopia were collected during Implantable Collamer Lens implantation surgery. All participants received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including logMAR best corrected visual acuity, axial length measurement, fundus photography and ocular B-scan ultrasonography. The myopic eyes were further classified into simple myopia (SM, n = 78), myopic posterior staphyloma (PS, n = 39) and PS with myopic chorioretinal atrophy (PS + CA, n = 30). Retinal thickness and vascular density in the macula (6 mm × 6 mm) and optic nerve head (4.5 mm × 4.5 mm) were measured using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). The levels of complement proteins including C1q, C3, C3b/iC3b, C4, CFB, CFH, C2, C4b, C5, C5a, CFD, MBL and CFI in the aqueous humour were measured using the Luminex Multiplexing system. The real-time RT-PCR was conducted to examine the expression of complement genes (C1q, C2, C3, C4, CFI and CFD) in the guinea pig model of long-term form deprivation-induced myopic retinal degeneration. Results: OCTA showed that retinal neuronal thickness and vascular density in superficial and deep layers of the macular zone as well as vascular density in the optic nerve head were progressively decreased from SM to PS and PS + CA (p < 0.05). The aqueous humour levels of C1q, C3, C3b/iC3b, C4, CFB, CFH, C2, C4b, C5 and CFI were significantly higher in high-myopic eyes compared to those in low-myopic eyes. Further subgroup analysis revealed the highest levels of complement components/fragments in the PS + CA group. The intraocular levels of complement factors particularly C3b/iC3b and C4 were negatively correlated with macular zone deep layer retinal thickness and vascular density and optic nerve head vascular density. The expression of C2, C3 and C4 genes was significantly higher in guinea pig eyes with myopic retinal degeneration compared to control eyes. Conclusions: The intraocular classical pathway and alternative pathway of the complement system are partially activated in pathological myopia. Their activation is related to the degeneration of retinal neurons and the vasculature in the macula and the vasculature in the optic nerve head.

Qualitative and quantitative plaque enhancement on high-resolution vessel wall imaging predicts symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke (IS), and high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) can be used to assess the plaque characteristics of ICAS. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively assess plaque enhancement of ICAS and to investigate the relationship between plaque enhancement, plaque morphological features, and IS. METHODS: Data from adult patients with ICAS from April 2018 to July 2022 were retrospectively collected, and all patients underwent HR-VWI examination. Plaque enhancement was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and the plaque-to-pituitary stalk contrast ratio (CR) indicated the degree of plaque enhancement. Plaque characteristics, such as plaque burden and area, were quantitatively measured using HR-VWI. Furthermore, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the ability of CR to discriminate plaque enhancement. The patients were divided into a symptomatic ICAS group and an asymptomatic ICAS group according to the clinical and imaging characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate which factors were significantly associated with plaque enhancement and symptomatic ICAS. The plaque burden and CR were compared using linear regression. RESULTS: A total of 91 patients with ICAS were enrolled in this study. ICAS plaque burden was significantly associated with plaque enhancement (p = .037), and plaque burden was linearly positively correlated with CR (R = 0.357, p = .001). ROC analysis showed that the cutoff value of CR for plaque enhancement was 0.56 (specificity of 81.8%). Both plaque enhancement and plaque burden were significantly associated with symptomatic ICAS, and only plaque enhancement was an independent risk factor after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Plaque burden was an independent risk factor for plaque enhancement and showed a linear positive correlation with CR. The cutoff value of CR for plaque enhancement was 0.56, and CR ≥ 0.56 was significantly associated with symptomatic ICAS, which was independently associated with plaque enhancement.

Advances in online two-dimensional liquid chromatography for natural product screening / 药学学报

As a treasure resource of novel drug lead compounds, how to rapidly and high-efficiently screen and isolate active components from natural products is critical. Thanks to its high resolution, high automation and flexible integration, online two-dimensional liquid chromatography has great potential for screening active ingredients from complex matrices by integrating a highly specific bio-recognition process into a two-dimensional liquid chromatography system before, on or after the column separation. This review comprehensively summarized recent developments, applications and shortcomings of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography for natural product screening from different integration modes, including pre-column, on-column and post-column screening methods.

Death-Related Factors in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treated by Sequential Mechanical Ventilation / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the death-related factors of elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) treated by sequential mechanical ventilation,so as to provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods The clinical data of 1204 elderly patients (≥60 years old) with AECOPD treated by sequential mechanical ventilation from June 2015 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The probability and influencing factors of death were analyzed. Results Among the 1204 elderly patients with AECOPD treated by sequential mechanical ventilation,167 (13.87%) died.Multivariate analysis showed that plasma procalcitonin ≥0.5 μg/L (OR=2.762, 95%CI=1.920-3.972, P<0.001),daily invasive ventilation time ≥12 h (OR=2.202, 95%CI=1.487-3.262,P<0.001),multi-drug resistant bacterial infection (OR=1.790,95%CI=1.237-2.591,P=0.002),oxygenation index<39.90 kPa (OR=2.447,95%CI=1.625-3.685,P<0.001),glycosylated hemoglobin >6% (OR=2.288,95%CI=1.509-3.470,P<0.001),and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score ≥25 points (OR=2.126,95%CI=1.432-3.156,P<0.001) were independent risk factors for death in patients with AECOPD treated by sequential mechanical ventilation.Oral care>twice/d (OR=0.676,95%CI=0.457-1.000,P=0.048) and sputum excretion>twice/d (OR=0.492, 95%CI=0.311-0.776, P=0.002) were independent protective factors for death in elderly patients with AECOPD treated by sequential mechanical ventilation. Conclusions The outcomes of sequential mechanical ventilation in the treatment of elderly patients with AECOPD are affected by a variety of factors.To reduce the mortality,we put forward the following measures:attaching great importance to severe patients,restoring oxygenation function,shortening unnecessary invasive ventilation time,controlling blood glucose,preventing multidrug resistant bacterial infection,oral care twice a day,and sputum excretion twice a day.

Analysis of the causes of long-standing pelvic anterior sacral space infection and discussion of management techniques / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the causes and management of long-term persistent pelvic presacral space infection. Methods: Clinical data of 10 patients with persistent presacral infection admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2015 to October 2020 were collected. Different surgical approaches were used to treat the presacral infection according to the patients' initial surgical procedures. Results: Among the 10 patients, there were 2 cases of presacral recurrent infection due to rectal leak after radiotherapy for cervical cancer, 3 cases of presacral recurrent infection due to rectal leak after radiotherapy for rectal cancer Dixons, and 5 cases of presacral recurrent infection of sinus tract after adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer Miles. Of the 5 patients with leaky bowel, 4 had complete resection of the ruptured nonfunctional bowel and complete debridement of the presacral infection using an anterior transverse sacral incision with a large tipped omentum filling the presacral space; 1 had continuous drainage of the anal canal and complete debridement of the presacral infection using an anterior transverse sacral incision. 5 post-Miles patients all had debridement of the presacral infection using an anterior transverse sacral incision combined with an abdominal incision. The nine patients with healed presacral infection recovered from surgery in 26 to 210 days, with a median time of 55 days. Conclusions: Anterior sacral infections in patients with leaky gut are caused by residual bowel secretion of intestinal fluid into the anterior sacral space, and in post-Miles patients by residual anterior sacral foreign bodies. An anterior sacral caudal transverse arc incision combined with an abdominal incision is an effective surgical approach for complete debridement of anterior sacral recalcitrant infections.

Clinical application effect of pedunculated rectus abdominis muscle combined with bilateral ureters for repairing refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula through external vesical drainage / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with bilateral ureteral extravestheter drainage in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula. Methods: The clinical data of 8 cases of the refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Henan Cancer Hospital and underwent the clinical treatment of bladder-vaginal stump from December 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The reason of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula was analyzed, the operation manner of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with peduncle and bilateral ureter for the treatment of bladder-vaginal stump through extrabladder drainage was explored. The operation time, bleeding volume and clinical effect were record. Results: The median operation time of 8 patients was 150 minutes(120~180 min), and the median blood loss was 400 ml(200~600 ml). During the perioperative period, there were 2 cases of incision infection, delayed healing by debridement and dressing, 2 cases of incision rupture and suture wound healing after reoperation, and 2 cases of urinary tract infection were cured by anti-infection. When followed up for 6 months, 8 cases of vesicovaginal stump fistula were cured. Conclusion: Bilateral ureteral external drainage of the rectus abdominis muscle, has a practical effect in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula, which can be one of the clinical repairing treatment.

Clinical application effect of pedunculated rectus abdominis muscle combined with bilateral ureters for repairing refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula through external vesical drainage / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with bilateral ureteral extravestheter drainage in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula. Methods: The clinical data of 8 cases of the refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Henan Cancer Hospital and underwent the clinical treatment of bladder-vaginal stump from December 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The reason of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula was analyzed, the operation manner of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with peduncle and bilateral ureter for the treatment of bladder-vaginal stump through extrabladder drainage was explored. The operation time, bleeding volume and clinical effect were record. Results: The median operation time of 8 patients was 150 minutes(120~180 min), and the median blood loss was 400 ml(200~600 ml). During the perioperative period, there were 2 cases of incision infection, delayed healing by debridement and dressing, 2 cases of incision rupture and suture wound healing after reoperation, and 2 cases of urinary tract infection were cured by anti-infection. When followed up for 6 months, 8 cases of vesicovaginal stump fistula were cured. Conclusion: Bilateral ureteral external drainage of the rectus abdominis muscle, has a practical effect in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula, which can be one of the clinical repairing treatment.

Literature case analysis of hyperammonemic encephalopathy caused by sodium valproate / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the occurrence and clinical characteristics of the adverse reactions of hyperammonemic encephalopathy caused by sodium valproate and provide reference for the safe clinical use of the drug.Methods CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science databases were electronically searched to collect case reports on valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy from the inception to March 2023.The extracted data was conducted for statistical analysis.Results A total of 37 documents with 41 patients were finally included.Among them,28 patients(68.3%)were males and 13 patients(31.7%)were females,aged 5 to 78 years,the median age was 41 years;most of the patients had no underlying diseases but the blood ammonia concentrations of them were abnormally high in laboratory tests,and the main clinical manifestations were neurological impairment such as cognitive impairment,drowsiness,coma and other disorders of consciousness.After drug discontinuation,drug switch and symptomatic treatment,they gradually recovered consciousness and the blood ammonia concentrations returned to normal.Conclusion It is not easy to recognize and detect the high blood ammonia encephalopathy caused by the application of sodium valproate in clinical practice,so the clinical performance and blood concentration of this drug should be closely monitored,and once the abnormalities are detected,patients should be treated symptomatically in time to ensure the safety of the drug use.

Research on mixed teaching platform of pediatric clinical laboratory practice teaching based on the Laboratory Quality Management System / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore application of mixed teaching platform in the clinical practice teaching of the laboratory medicine in Children's hospitals.Methods:We constructed a mixed online and offline teaching platform based on the Laboratory Quality Management System (LQMS) in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The undergraduates from Batch 2016 ( n=15) and Batch 2018 ( n=12) of College of Laboratory Medicine of Chongqing Medical University were taken as control group and experimental group respectively. Traditional teaching method was adopted by the control group, and the mixed teaching method was adopted by the experimental group. The results of two groups' clinical practice assessment, rate of outstanding students (total score ≥ 90) and rate of satisfaction (score ≥ 90) were compared to evaluate the teaching effect. SPSS 17.0 was used to conduct t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The database of teaching platform includes 68 teaching cases, 198 pieces of courseware, 305 clinical cases and 3 036 atlases. The test bank has accumulated 4 657 tests, covering clinical laboratory, immunology, biochemistry, microbiology and blood transfusion. The results of students in experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group [the score of clinical practice assessment: (85.90±5.04) vs. (78.90±6.75)( P<0.05); rate of outstanding students: 33.3% (4/12) vs. 6.7% (1/15), P>0.05; rate of satisfaction: 86.7% (13/15) vs. 100.0% (12/12) ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The mixed online and offline teaching platform based on the LQMS is highly recognized by students and can significantly improve the effect of clinical practice teaching, which can provide typical medical case teaching at any time and make up for limited case type in children's hospital.

Research progress on plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles and their applications / 中国中药杂志

Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles(PELNs) are a class of membranous vesicles with diameters approximately ranging from 30 to 300 nm, isolated from plant tissues. They contain components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. PELNs play an important role in the metabolism of plant substances and immune defense, and can also cross-regulate the physiological activities of fungi and animal cells, showing significant potential applications. In recent years, research on PELNs has significantly increased, highlighting three main issues:(1) the mixed sources of plant materials for PELNs;(2) the lack of a unified system for isolating and characterizing PELNs;(3) the urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-regulation of biological functions by PELNs. This article focused on these concerns. It began by summarizing the biological origin and composition of PELNs, discussing the techniques for isolating and characterizing PELNs, and analyzing their biomedical applications and potential future research directions., aiming to promote the establishment of standardized research protocols for PELNs and provide theoretical references for in-depth exploration of the mechanisms underlying PELNs' cross-regulatory effects.