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1.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult ; : 1-8, 2024 Jan 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38271323

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive deficits can impact daily functioning, general health, and psychological functioning. Multimodal group rehabilitation interventions designed for telehealth administration can optimally provide access and essential services for those who would otherwise not seek these services. We conducted a quality improvement project examining the feasibility and acceptability of Building Resilience and Improving Neurocognition (BRAIN), an eight-week multimodal telehealth cognitive rehabilitation group. METHOD: Participants were veterans referred to a VA neuropsychology clinic for group cognitive rehabilitation. Self-report measures were used to collect information about general health, cognitive, and psychological concerns pre- and post-intervention. Twenty-two veterans with cognitive concerns pertaining to psychosocial factors or neurocognitive disorders completed pre- and post-intervention outcome measures. RESULTS: Paired samples t-tests evaluated whether BRAIN improved self-reported emotional and functional status based on five self-report measures: MSNQ, WHODAS 2.0, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PCL-5. Results showed clinically significant reductions on the MSNQ, PHQ-9 and PCL-5, with moderate effect sizes. On the MSNQ, participants endorsed decreased symptom severity on items associated with distractibility, slowed problem solving, requiring reminders, and difficulty multitasking. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that BRAIN holds promise as a telehealth cognitive rehabilitation group intervention for reducing subjective cognitive concerns and symptoms of depression and PTSD.

2.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 5474, 2023 09 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37673883

RESUMEN

Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and derived enzymes are widely used as genome editors, but their promiscuous nuclease activity often induces undesired mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Several strategies for mapping off-target effects have emerged, but they suffer from limited sensitivity. To increase the detection sensitivity, we develop an off-target assessment workflow that uses Duplex Sequencing. The strategy increases sensitivity by one order of magnitude, identifying previously unknown SpCas9's off-target mutations in the humanized PCSK9 mouse model. To reduce off-target risks, we perform a bioinformatic search and identify a high-fidelity Cas9 variant of the II-B subfamily from Parasutterella secunda (PsCas9). PsCas9 shows improved specificity as compared to SpCas9 across multiple tested sites, both in vitro and in vivo, including the PCSK9 site. In the future, while PsCas9 will offer an alternative to SpCas9 for research and clinical use, the Duplex Sequencing workflow will enable a more sensitive assessment of Cas9 editing outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Proproteína Convertasa 9 , Translocación Genética , Animales , Ratones , Proproteína Convertasa 9/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Mutación , Endonucleasas/genética , Streptococcus pyogenes/genética
3.
Clin Neuropsychol ; 37(4): 841-859, 2023 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36803392

RESUMEN

Objective: Despite a growing body of literature on sexual harassment and inappropriate patient sexual behavior towards clinicians within the broader fields of psychology and medicine, literature, guidance, and supervision frameworks specific to neuropsychology are lacking. This gap in the literature is significant, given that neuropsychology is a specialty field faced with vulnerabilities to sexual harassment, and neuropsychologists may weigh unique factors into their decision-making of whether and/or when to respond. This decision-making may be further complicated for trainees. Method: A review of the literature addressing sexual harassment by patients in neuropsychology was completed. In this paper, we summarize the relevant literature on sexual harassment within psychology and academic medicine and provide a framework for discussing sexual harassment in neuropsychology supervision. Results: Research suggests high rates of inappropriate sexual behavior and/or sexual harassment from patients towards trainees, especially amongst trainees who identify as female and/or hold marginalized identities. Trainees report inadequate training in how to deal with sexual harassment by patients and there are perceived barriers for discussing the topic in supervision. Further, most professional organizations do not have formal policies regarding how to handle incidents. Conclusions: As of this writing, guidance and/or position statements from prominent neuropsychological associations could not be found. Research and guidance specific to neuropsychology is needed to help clinicians navigate these challenging clinical situations, provide effective supervision on the topic to trainees, and normalize discussion and reporting of sexual harassment.


Asunto(s)
Internado y Residencia , Acoso Sexual , Humanos , Femenino , Acoso Sexual/psicología , Neuropsicología/educación , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Sociedades , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
4.
Dev Neurorehabil ; 26(2): 89-100, 2023 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36628488

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The current study aimed to investigate developmental functioning in infants and toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), seizures, cerebral palsy (CP), and atypical development. METHODS: An ANOVA was utilized to investigate the differences between neurodevelopmental group on BDI-2 developmental quotient and a MANOVA was used to investigate the differences between the groups and five developmental domains. RESULTS: The results indicated statistically significant differences in overall developmental functioning and each subdomain of the BDI-2. DISCUSSION: These findings provide the basis for further research to investigate comorbidities of the three neurodevelopmental disorders and parse out the impact of intellectual disability (ID).


Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Parálisis Cerebral , Discapacidad Intelectual , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo , Humanos , Lactante , Preescolar , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/epidemiología , Discapacidad Intelectual/epidemiología , Comorbilidad
5.
Dev Neurorehabil ; 26(1): 1-9, 2023 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36380608

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Due to the difficulties in differentiating between impairments associated with intellectual disability and ASD symptomology, DS often leads to delayed or misdiagnoses of ASD. METHOD: An ANOVA was run to investigate the effects of ASD risk and DS on overall developmental functioning across three groups: ASD+, DS-, and DS+ (n = 138). A MANOVA was run to investigate the differences of group on five developmental subdomains. RESULTS: The results revealed significant group differences in the overall developmental functioning and each developmental subdomain. Children in the DS+ group demonstrated significantly lower overall developmental functioning, as well as lower adaptive, cognitive, motor, and communication skills compared to their peers; however, children in the DS- group demonstrated significantly better social skills compared to their peers in the ASD+ group. DISCUSSION: These findings support the need for early screening and identification of ASD among those with DS.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Trastorno Autístico , Síndrome de Down , Discapacidad Intelectual , Humanos , Preescolar , Síndrome de Down/complicaciones , Síndrome de Down/psicología , Trastorno Autístico/complicaciones , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/psicología , Discapacidad Intelectual/complicaciones , Habilidades Sociales
6.
J Neurotrauma ; 39(17-18): 1183-1194, 2022 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35373595

RESUMEN

Individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) report increased rates of chronic pain. Photosensitivity is also a common chronic symptom following TBI and is prevalent among other types of chronic pain. The aim of this study was to better understand the relationship between chronic pain, pain-related disability, and photosensitivity in a TBI population. We quantified participants' visual photosensitivity thresholds (VPT) using an Ocular Photosensitivity Analyzer and measured pressure-pain sensitivity using pressure algometry. Participants also completed a battery of self-report measures related to chronic pain, TBI history, and mental health. A total of 395 participants completed testing, with 233 reporting a history of TBI. The TBI group was divided into 120 symptomatic TBI participants (s-TBI), and 113 asymptomatic TBI participants (a-TBI) based on their Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) scores. Participants in the s-TBI group scored significantly higher on self-reported chronic pain measures compared with a-TBI and no-TBI participants, including the Symptom Impact Questionnaire Revised (SIQR; p < 0.001) and the Michigan Body Map (MBM; p < 0.001). Despite differences in chronic pain complaints, groups displayed similar pressure-pain thresholds (p = 0.270). Additionally, s-TBI participants were more sensitive to light (lower VPT, p < 0.001), and VPT was correlated with SIQR scores across all participants (R = -0.452, p < 0.001). These data demonstrate that photosensitivity is associated with self-reported chronic pain and disability in individuals with chronic TBI symptomatology. Photosensitivity could therefore serve as a simple, more highly quantitative marker of high-impact chronic pain after TBI.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Dolor Crónico , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/complicaciones , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/diagnóstico , Dolor Crónico/epidemiología , Dolor Crónico/etiología , Humanos , Autoinforme
7.
Dev Neurorehabil ; 25(6): 361-369, 2022 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34962445

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via screeners for diagnostic measures are a high priority. At present, there is no consensus on one screener due to the need for better sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we report on the development and utility of the BABY-BISCUIT, a six-item screener based on a modified subset of items from the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT). METHODS: A sample of 504 children between 17-3 9months of age, who consisted of toddlers identified as at-risk for neurodevelopmental and other health disorders, were tested during an annual screening through the Louisiana EarlySteps program. RESULTS: An exploratory factor analysis yielded a one-factor solution (X2 = 48.62, df = 9, p = <.001). High sensitivity (i.e., 100.0%) at the cost of reduced specificity (i.e., 33.3%, AUC = 0.957) was found for an optimal screening cutoff score of 1. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that the BABY-BISCUIT has the potential to be a short and easily administered screener for ASD to inform whether further ASD assessment is necessary. Further investigation of convergent validity with established ASD measures is recommended.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Análisis Factorial , Humanos , Lactante , Tamizaje Masivo , Factores de Riesgo , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
8.
J Neurotrauma ; 38(22): 3126-3136, 2021 11 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34382417

RESUMEN

Common methods for evaluating history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) include self-report, electronic medical record review (EMR), and structured interviews such as the Head Trauma Events Characteristics (HTEC). Each has strengths and weaknesses, but little is known regarding how TBI diagnostic rates or the associated symptom profile differ among them. This study examined 200 Veterans recruited within the VA Portland Health Care System, each evaluated for TBI using self-report, EMR, and HTEC. Participants also completed validated questionnaires assessing chronic symptom severity in broad health-related domains (pain, sleep, quality of life, post-concussive symptoms). The HTEC was more sensitive (80% of participants in our cohort) than either self-report or EMR alone (40%). As expected from the high sensitivity, participants screening positive for TBI through the HTEC included many people with mild or no post-concussive symptoms. Participants were grouped according to degree of concordance across these diagnostic methods: no TBI, n = 43; or TBI-positive in any one method (TBI-1dx, n = 53), positive in any two (TBI-2dx, n = 45), or positive in all three (TBI-3dx, n = 59). The symptom profile of the TBI-1dx group was indistinguishable from the no TBI group. The TBI-3dx group had the most severe symptom profile. Our results show that understanding the exact methods used to ascertain TBI is essential when interpreting results from other studies, given that results and conclusions may differ dramatically depending on the method. This issue will become even more critical when interpreting data merged from multiple sources within newer, centralized repositories (e.g., Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research [FITBIR]).


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/diagnóstico , Síndrome Posconmocional/etiología , Veteranos , Adulto , Anciano , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome Posconmocional/diagnóstico , Calidad de Vida , Autoinforme , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Sueño , Evaluación de Síntomas , Estados Unidos
9.
Am J Manag Care ; 27(7): 271-272, 2021 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34314114

RESUMEN

Previous research on rideshare-based nonemergency medical transportation has limited generalizability due to the specific model studied, and the lack of trip-level data raises concerns of ecological fallacy.


Asunto(s)
Transportes , Humanos
10.
Psychol Trauma ; 12(8): 913-917, 2020 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32772534

RESUMEN

Objective: Research indicates that cognitive functioning is negatively impacted by exposure to chronic stress due to overactivation of the stress response. Yoga has demonstrated benefits when practiced by individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This quasi-experimental pilot study examined the impact of a yoga intervention on cognitive functioning, symptoms of PTSD, and the biological stress response in Veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Method: Cognitive functioning, self-report measures of mental health symptoms, and salivary cortisol were measured within two weeks prior to beginning and following completion of a 10-week yoga protocol. Veterans with PTSD participated in gender-specific groups of the yoga intervention. Paired t tests and correlational analyses were used to analyze quantitative data. Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed between baseline and postintervention scores on measures of response inhibition, PTSD, depression, sleep, quality of life, and subjective neurocognitive complaints. Positive correlations were found between baseline and postintervention changes in sleep and depression, and between change in cortisol output and a measure of life satisfaction. Statistically significant differences (baseline to postintervention) for other objective measures of cognitive performance and cortisol were not detected. Conclusions: Results provide preliminary support for the practice of yoga to improve cognitive functioning (response inhibition) related to symptoms of PTSD while also improving mental health symptoms, sleep, and quality of life. Positive correlations affirm the role of sleep in mood symptoms and indicate the need for further examination of the role of cortisol in life satisfaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).


Asunto(s)
Cognición , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/terapia , Veteranos/psicología , Yoga/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Saliva/metabolismo , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/metabolismo , Veteranos/estadística & datos numéricos
11.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult ; 26(4): 365-373, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29465307

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to examine the unique contribution of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on sensory sensitivity following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in an Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veteran sample. We hypothesized that the effect of PTSD on noise and light sensitivity following mTBI would be largely driven by PTSD-related hyperarousal symptoms. We compared the relationships between PTSD, noise sensitivity, and light sensitivity of 49 OEF/OIF Veterans with mTBI to that of 23 OEF/OIF Veterans without mTBI. Results suggest that intrusive experiences were significantly related to noise sensitivity in the mTBI group, while light sensitivity was significantly associated with avoidance. Hyperarousal symptoms significantly accounted for noise sensitivity in the no-blast, non-TBI group, whereas PTSD did not affect light sensitivity in this group. These data suggest that PTSD symptoms may uniquely influence the experience of noise and light sensitivity. As such, treatment targeting specific PTSD symptoms may yield clinically significant improvement in sensory sensitivity.


Asunto(s)
Percepción Auditiva/fisiología , Traumatismos por Explosión/fisiopatología , Conmoción Encefálica/fisiopatología , Ruido , Fotofobia/fisiopatología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/fisiopatología , Veteranos/psicología , Adulto , Campaña Afgana 2001- , Nivel de Alerta/fisiología , Traumatismos por Explosión/complicaciones , Conmoción Encefálica/complicaciones , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Guerra de Irak 2003-2011 , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/complicaciones
12.
J Neurotrauma ; 36(5): 702-712, 2019 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30113267

RESUMEN

Many military service members and veterans who have been exposed to high-intensity blast waves experience traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in chronic auditory deficits despite normal hearing sensitivity. The current study sought to examine the neurological cause of this chronic dysfunction by testing the hypothesis that blast exposure leads to impaired filtering of sensory information at brainstem and early cortical levels. Groups of blast-exposed and non-blast-exposed participants completed self-report measures of auditory and neurobehavioral status, auditory perceptual tasks involving degraded and competing speech stimuli, and physiological measures of sensory gating, including pre-pulse inhibition and habituation of the acoustic startle reflex and electrophysiological assessment of a paired-click sensory gating paradigm. Blast-exposed participants showed significantly reduced habituation to acoustic startle stimuli and impaired filtering of redundant sensory information at the level the auditory cortex. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that poorer sensory gating at the cortical level was primarily influenced by a diagnosis of TBI, whereas reduced habituation was primarily influenced by a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. A statistical model was created including cortical sensory gating and habituation to acoustic startle, which strongly predicted performance on a degraded speech task. These results support the hypothesis that blast exposure impairs central auditory processing via impairment of neural mechanisms underlying habituation and sensory gating.


Asunto(s)
Traumatismos por Explosión/fisiopatología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos/fisiología , Reflejo de Sobresalto/fisiología , Filtrado Sensorial/fisiología , Adulto , Percepción Auditiva/fisiología , Traumatismos por Explosión/complicaciones , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/etiología , Femenino , Habituación Psicofisiológica/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Veteranos
13.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep ; 18(9): 56, 2018 07 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30008147

RESUMEN

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review investigates the relationship between sensory sensitivity and traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the role sensory sensitivity plays in chronic disability. RECENT FINDINGS: TBI is a significant cause of disability with a range of physical, cognitive, and mental health consequences. Sensory sensitivities (e.g., noise and light) are among the most frequently reported, yet least outwardly recognizable symptoms following TBI. Clinicians and scientists alike have yet to identify consistent nomenclature for defining noise and light sensitivity, making it difficult to accurately and reliably assess their influence. Noise and light sensitivity can profoundly affect critical aspects of independent function including communication, productivity, socialization, cognition, sleep, and mental health. Research examining the prevalence of sensory sensitivity and evidence for the association of sensory sensitivity with TBI is inconclusive. Evidence-based interventions for sensory sensitivity, particularly following TBI, are lacking.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/epidemiología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/psicología , Personas con Discapacidad/psicología , Trastornos de la Sensación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Sensación/psicología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/terapia , Lesión Encefálica Crónica/epidemiología , Lesión Encefálica Crónica/psicología , Lesión Encefálica Crónica/terapia , Enfermedad Crónica , Personas con Discapacidad/rehabilitación , Humanos , Fotofobia/epidemiología , Fotofobia/psicología , Fotofobia/terapia , Prevalencia , Trastornos de la Sensación/terapia
14.
J Clin Sleep Med ; 14(7): 1177-1186, 2018 07 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29991430

RESUMEN

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep disturbances following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans are very common and often persist as chronic sequelae. In addition, sensory sensitivity, ie, discomfort upon exposure to light and noise, is common after TBI. However, the relationship between sleep disturbances and sensory sensitivity in Veterans following TBI has not yet been examined, yet both are established early markers of neurodegeneration. METHODS: Veterans (n = 95) in the chronic phase of recovery from TBI at the VA Portland Health Care System completed an overnight polysomnography and provided self-report data on sensory (eg, light and noise) sensitivity, and sleep disturbances. Participants were categorized into four sensory sensitivity groups: (1) "neither," neither light nor noise sensitivity (n = 36); (2) "light," only light sensitivity (n = 12); (3) "noise," only noise sensitivity (n = 24); and (4) "both," light and noise sensitivity (n = 23). RESULTS: Veterans with TBI reported sleep disturbances that were significantly correlated with the severity of their sensory sensitivity and associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multiple linear regression revealed insomnia severity to be the strongest predictor of the relationship between sleep disturbances and sensory sensitivity. Furthermore, sensory sensitivity was associated with a higher mean heart rate during sleep, even after controlling for PTSD status. CONCLUSIONS: These data are the first to report the prevalence and association between sensory sensitivity and sleep disturbances in Veterans with TBI. These data also suggest that the underlying mechanism of the sleep-sensory relationship could be due in part to comorbid PTSD and autonomic nervous system hyperarousal.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Sensación/complicaciones , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/complicaciones , Adulto , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polisomnografía/métodos , Trastornos de la Sensación/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/fisiopatología , Veteranos/estadística & datos numéricos
15.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult ; 25(2): 126-136, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27929660

RESUMEN

To examine factors associated with noise and light sensitivity among returning Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans with a self-reported history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) due to blast exposure, we compared the self-report of noise and light sensitivity of 42 OEF/OIF Veterans diagnosed with mTBI resulting from combat blast-exposure to that of 36 blast-exposed OEF/OIF Veterans without a history of mTBI. Results suggest a statistically significant difference between Veterans with and without a history of mTBI in the experience of noise and light sensitivity, with sensory symptoms reported most frequently in the mTBI group. The difference remains significant even after controlling for symptoms of PTSD, depression, and somatization. These data suggest that while psychological distress is significantly associated with the complaints of noise and light sensitivity, it may not fully account for the experience of sensory sensitivity in a population with mTBI history.


Asunto(s)
Traumatismos por Explosión/fisiopatología , Conmoción Encefálica/fisiopatología , Hiperacusia/fisiopatología , Fotofobia/fisiopatología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/fisiopatología , Veteranos , Adulto , Campaña Afgana 2001- , Traumatismos por Explosión/complicaciones , Conmoción Encefálica/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperacusia/etiología , Guerra de Irak 2003-2011 , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Fotofobia/etiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/complicaciones , Estados Unidos
16.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ; 39(1): 53-57, 2018 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29208056

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE Candida auris (CA) is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen associated with increased mortality. The environment may play a role, but transmission dynamics remain poorly understood. We sought to limit environmental and patient CA contamination following a sustained unsuspected exposure. DESIGN Quasi-experimental observation. SETTING A 528-bed teaching hospital. PATIENTS The index case patient and 17 collocated ward mates. INTERVENTION Immediately after confirmation of CA in the bloodstream and urine of a patient admitted 6 days previously, active surveillance, enhanced transmission-based precautions, environmental cleaning with peracetic acid-hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet light, and patient relocation were undertaken. Pre-existing agreements and foundational relationships among internal multidisciplinary teams and external partners were leveraged to bolster detection and mitigation efforts and to provide genomic epidemiology. RESULTS Candida auris was isolated from 3 of 132 surface samples on days 8, 9, and 15 of ward occupancy, and from no patient samples (0 of 48). Environmental and patient isolates were genetically identical (4-8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) and most closely related to the 2013 India CA-6684 strain (~200 SNPs), supporting the epidemiological hypothesis that the source of environmental contamination was the index case patient, who probably acquired the South Asian strain from another New York hospital. All isolates contained a mutation associated with azole resistance (K163R) found in the India 2105 VPCI strain but not in CA-6684. The index patient remained colonized until death. No surfaces were CA-positive 1 month later. CONCLUSION Compared to previous descriptions, CA dissemination was minimal. Immediate access to rapid CA diagnostics facilitates early containment strategies and outbreak investigations. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:53-57.


Asunto(s)
Candidiasis/transmisión , Trazado de Contacto , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/transmisión , Candida/genética , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Candidiasis/prevención & control , Candidiasis/orina , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Contaminación de Equipos , Femenino , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Humanos , Control de Infecciones/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , New York/epidemiología
17.
PLoS One ; 12(1): e0170973, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28135298

RESUMEN

Conservation of biodiversity is determined in part by human preferences. Preferences relevant to conservation have been examined largely via explicit measures (e.g., a self-reported degree of liking), with implicit measures (e.g., preconscious, automatic evaluations) receiving relatively less attention. This is the case despite psychological evidence from other contexts that implicit preferences are more informative of behavior. Thus, the type of measure that predicts conservation intentions for biodiversity is unknown. We conducted three studies to examine conservation intentions in light of people's explicit and implicit preferences toward four endangered species (sea otter, American badger, caribou, yellow-breasted chat) and four biomes (forest, ocean, grassland, tundra). In Study 1 (n = 55), we found that people implicitly preferred caribou most, but explicitly preferred sea otter most, with a significant multiple regression where participants' explicit preferences dictated their stated intended donations for conservation of each species. In Study 2 (n = 57) we found that people implicitly and explicitly preferred forest and ocean over grassland and tundra. Explicit rather than implicit preferences predicted the intended donation for conservation of the ocean biome. Study 3 involved a broader online sample of participants (n = 463) and also found that explicit preferences dictated the intended donations for conservation of biomes and species. Our findings reveal discrepancies between implicit and explicit preferences toward species, but not toward biomes. Importantly, the results demonstrate that explicit rather than implicit preferences predict conservation intentions for biodiversity. The current findings have several implications for conservation and the communication of biodiversity initiatives.


Asunto(s)
Conducta de Elección , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Ecosistema , Especies en Peligro de Extinción , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Actitud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Regresión , Especificidad de la Especie , Adulto Joven
18.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol ; 39(5): 449-458, 2017 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27681407

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study examined symptom reporting related to the 10th Edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) criteria for postconcussional syndrome (PCS) in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) Veterans. Our aims were to: (a) examine relationships among PCS symptoms by identifying potential subscales of the British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (BC-PSI); and (b) examine group differences in BC-PSI items and subscales in Veterans with and without blast exposure, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: Our sample included Veterans with blast-related mTBI history (n = 47), with blast exposure but no mTBI history (n = 20), and without blast exposure (n = 23). Overall, 37 Veterans had PTSD, and 53 did not. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the BC-PSI followed by multivariate analysis of variance to examine differences in BC-PSI subscale scores by blast exposure, mTBI history, and PTSD. RESULTS: BC-PSI factors were interpreted as cognitive, vestibular, affective, anger, and somatic. Items and factor scores were highest for Veterans with blast exposure plus mTBI, and lowest for controls. Vestibular, affective, and somatic factors were significantly higher for Veterans with blast exposure plus mTBI than for controls, but not significantly different for those with blast exposure but no mTBI. These results remained significant when PTSD symptom severity was included as a covariate. Cognitive, anger, and somatic subscales were significantly higher for Veterans with PTSD, though there was no interaction effect of PTSD and mTBI or blast history. CONCLUSIONS: EFA-derived subscales of the BC-PSI differentiated Veterans based on blast exposure, mTBI history, and PTSD.


Asunto(s)
Traumatismos por Explosión/complicaciones , Conmoción Encefálica/complicaciones , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/complicaciones , Síndrome Posconmocional/diagnóstico , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/complicaciones , Veteranos/psicología , Adulto , Campaña Afgana 2001- , Traumatismos por Explosión/psicología , Conmoción Encefálica/psicología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/psicología , Humanos , Guerra de Irak 2003-2011 , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Síndrome Posconmocional/etiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología
19.
J Neurosci ; 36(3): 755-61, 2016 Jan 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26791206

RESUMEN

There is considerable variability in an individual's ability to acquire a second language (L2) during adulthood. Using resting-state fMRI data acquired before training in English speakers who underwent a 12 week intensive French immersion training course, we investigated whether individual differences in intrinsic resting-state functional connectivity relate to a person's ability to acquire an L2. We focused on two key aspects of language processing--lexical retrieval in spontaneous speech and reading speed--and computed whole-brain functional connectivity from two regions of interest in the language network, namely the left anterior insula/frontal operculum (AI/FO) and the visual word form area (VWFA). Connectivity between the left AI/FO and left posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) and between the left AI/FO and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex correlated positively with improvement in L2 lexical retrieval in spontaneous speech. Connectivity between the VWFA and left mid-STG correlated positively with improvement in L2 reading speed. These findings are consistent with the different language functions subserved by subcomponents of the language network and suggest that the human capacity to learn an L2 can be predicted by an individual's intrinsic functional connectivity within the language network. Significance statement: There is considerable variability in second-language learning abilities during adulthood. We investigated whether individual differences in intrinsic functional connectivity in the adult brain relate to success in second-language learning, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in English speakers who underwent a 12 week intensive French immersion training course. We found that pretraining functional connectivity within two different language subnetworks correlated strongly with learning outcome in two different language skills: lexical retrieval in spontaneous speech and reading speed. Our results suggest that the human capacity to learn a second language can be predicted by an individual's intrinsic functional connectivity within the language network.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/fisiología , Comprensión/fisiología , Aprendizaje/fisiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Multilingüismo , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven
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