Trends and inequalities in (healthy) life expectancy by neighbourhood during the COVID-19 epidemic in Barcelona / Tendencias y desigualdades en la esperanza de vida (en buena salud) por barrios durante la epidemia de COVID-19 en Barcelona

Objective: To analyse the trend in life expectancy (LE), healthy life expectancy (HLE) and socio-economic inequalities by neighbourhood in Barcelona from the pre-pandemic period (2018-2019) to the pandemic period (2020-2021). Method: LE and HLE at birth were computed using the municipal register of inhabitants and quality of life (EuroQol) from the Barcelona Health Survey of 2016. Inequalities were assessed with the gap between quantiles of neighbourhood income. Results: In 2020, there was a reduction in LE among men (−1.98 years) and women (−2.44) and in HLE among men (−1.44). Socio-economic inequalities in LE and HLE between neighbourhoods widened since 2019 to 2021 (LE: from 3.92 to 4.86 years for men, and from 1.30 to 3.60 for women; HLE: from 6.88 to 7.70 years for men, and from 7.85 to 9.31 for women). Conclusions: The pandemic has substantially reduced LE and HLE, with larger effects among low-income neighbourhoods, especially among women. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de la esperanza de vida (EV), la esperanza de vida en buena salud (EVBS) y las desigualdades socioeconómicas por barrios en Barcelona desde el periodo prepandémico (2018-2019) hasta el periodo de pandemia (2020-2021). Método: Se calcularon la EV y la EVBS al nacimiento utilizando el registro municipal de habitantes y la calidad de vida (EuroQol) de la Encuesta de Salud de Barcelona de 2016. Las desigualdades se valoraron mediante la brecha entre los cuantiles de ingreso por barrios. Resultados: En 2020 hubo una reducción en la EV en los hombres (−1,98 años) y las mujeres (−2,44), y en la EVBS en los hombres (−1,44). Las desigualdades socioeconómicas en EV y EVBS por barrios se ampliaron de 2019 a 2021 (EV: de 3,92 hasta 4,86 años en hombres y de 1,30 hasta 3,60 años en mujeres; EVBS: de 6,88 hasta 7,70 años en hombres y de 7,85 hasta 9,31 años en mujeres). Conclusiones: La pandemia ha reducido sustancialmente la EV y la EVBS, con mayores efectos en los barrios de menor renta, en especial en las mujeres. (AU)

Trends and inequalities in (healthy) life expectancy by neighbourhood during the COVID-19 epidemic in Barcelona.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the trend in life expectancy (LE), healthy life expectancy (HLE) and socio-economic inequalities by neighbourhood in Barcelona from the pre-pandemic period (2018-2019) to the pandemic period (2020-2021). METHOD: LE and HLE at birth were computed using the municipal register of inhabitants and quality of life (EuroQol) from the Barcelona Health Survey of 2016. Inequalities were assessed with the gap between quantiles of neighbourhood income. RESULTS: In 2020, there was a reduction in LE among men (-1.98 years) and women (-2.44) and in HLE among men (-1.44). Socio-economic inequalities in LE and HLE between neighbourhoods widened since 2019 to 2021 (LE: from 3.92 to 4.86 years for men, and from 1.30 to 3.60 for women; HLE: from 6.88 to 7.70 years for men, and from 7.85 to 9.31 for women). CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic has substantially reduced LE and HLE, with larger effects among low-income neighbourhoods, especially among women.

Cumplimiento terapéutico y calidad de vida en pacientes crónicos / Therapeutic compliance and quality of life in chronic patients

Objetivo. Conocer el cumplimiento terapéutico y percepción de salud en dos Centros de Salud, en los que se utilizó un documento normalizado de tratamiento. Diseño. Ensayo clínico. Emplazamiento. Zonas de Salud de Sillería y Ocaña (Toledo). Participantes. Pacientes, de edad ≥ 18 años, en cartera de servicios que siguen tratamiento para la hipertensión, dislipemia y Diabetes Mellitus. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple de los listados de estos pacientes. Mediciones principales. En los dos grupos se entregó un documento sobre medidas higiénico-dietéticas y consejos de cumplimentación farmacológica. En el grupo de intervención además del documento anterior se entregó una hoja de tratamientos crónicos. Se realizaron cuatro visitas bimensuales en un periodo de seguimiento de ocho meses. Para el estudio del cumplimento terapéutico se utilizó el recuento de comprimidos. En la primera y última visita se pasó la versión española del EuroQol-5D. Resultados. Se incluyeron en el estudio 309 pacientes con una edad media de 69,2 ± 10,7 años (55,3% eran mujeres). Un total de 156 pacientes fueron aleatorizados al grupo de intervención y 153 al grupo control. En la última visita 173 pacientes cumplieron adecuadamente el tratamiento (63,1%; IC 95%: 57,4 - 68,8), frente a 152 en la visita basal del estudio (55,5%; IC 95%: 49,6 - 61,4), Chi-cuadrado = 96,7 y p < 0,0001. Al analizar el número de pacientes cumplidores por grupo de estudio, en la visita fi nal, no se encontraron diferencias signifi cativas entre ambos grupos. Los grupos del estudio no mostraron diferencias en la percepción de su propia salud. Conclusiones. El documento normalizado de tratamiento no aportó una mejora en el cumplimiento terapéutico del grupo de intervención. La intervención realizada en ambos grupos y el seguimiento mejoró el cumplimiento terapéutico en ambos grupos (AU)

Objective. To determine treatment compliance and health perception at two Primary Health Centres, in which a standardized treatment protocol was used. Design. Clinical trial. Setting. Primary Health Centres at Sillería and Ocaña (Toledo). Subjects. Patients aged ≥ 18 years, in the portfolio services being treated for hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes. A simple random sampling from the lists of these patients was made. Main measurement. Patients in both groups were given a sheet setting out health-dietary measures and advice on treatment compliance. The intervention group were also given a sheet of chronic treatments.. There were four two-monthly visits over a follow-up period of eight months. Pill count was used to determine treatment compliance. At the fi rst and last visit the Spanish version of the EuroQol- 5D was performed. Results. A total of 309 patients with an average age of 69.2 ± 10.7 years were included in the study (55.3% were women). Of these patients, 156 patients were randomised to the intervention group and 153 to the control group. At the final visit, 173 patients had good treatment compliance (63.1%; CI 95%, 57.4 - 68.8), as opposed to 152 at the baseline visit (55.5%; CI 95%, 49.6 - 61.4), Chi-square = 96.7 and p < 0,0001. At the final visit, no significant differences were found between the two groups as regards treatment compliance. There were no differences in health perception between the two study groups. Conclusions. The standardized treatment document did not contribute to an improvement in treatment compliance in the intervention group. Interventionand follow-up improved treatment compliance in both groups (AU)