A Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing for Prescribing High-Intensity Interval Training Sessions with Elastic Resistance.

This study aims to analyze the agreement of cardiopulmonary variables between a cardiopulmonary exercise test with elastic resistance (CPxEL) and high-intensity interval exercise with elastic resistance (EL-HIIE). METHODS: Twenty-two physically independent participants were recruited. Visit one consisted of conducting a health survey and anthropometric assessment. On visit two, the participants performed CPxEL. After seven days, on visit three, the participants performed EL-HIIE. The CPxEL was carried out on a rubber mat demarcated by lines representing eight stages. The test consisted of alternating back and forth steps against elastic resistance. The increments were performed at a rate of one stage per minute, following a cadence controlled by a metronome calibrated by beats per minute (bpm). The EL-HIIE was performed at the stage corresponding to an intensity of ~85% VO2max, as determined by CPxEL. The EL-HIIE consisted of 10 × 1 min (work):1 min (passive rest), with a cadence of 200 bpm. Cardiopulmonary parameters, heart rate (HR), and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured during exercise. Bland-Altman was applied to analyze the agreement between the HR and VO2 found in EL-HIIE and the values prescribed by CPxEL (~85-90% VO2max). RESULTS: The HRpeak and VO2peak in the EL-HIIE showed good agreement with the VO2CPxEL and HRCPxEL values, showing an average difference of (-1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1) and (0.3 bpm). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrate the agreement of cardiopulmonary variables between the CPxEL and the EL-HIIE. Therefore, for a more specific prescription of EL-HIIE intensity, CPxEL can be used.

Acute Cardiopulmonary Response of High-Intensity Interval Training with Elastic Resistance vs. High-Intensity Interval Training on a Treadmill in Healthy Adults.

This study aims to describe and compare cardiopulmonary and subjective responses during high-intensity interval training with elastic resistance (EL-HIIT) and traditional high-intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions. Twenty-two healthy adults (27.6 ± 4.4 years) performed an EL-HIIT and a HIIT protocol consisting of 10 × 1 min at ~85% V·O2max prescribed by cardiopulmonary-specific tests. Pulmonary parameters, heart rate (HR), blood lactate, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during exercise. Paired t-test and Cohen's d effect size were used to compare peak and average values. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and mixed model with Bonferroni's post hoc test were used to compare each bout during the session. The EL-HIIT session showed higher peak and average values of HR, ventilation (V·E), relative and absolute oxygen uptake (V·O2), carbon dioxide production (V·CO2), and RPE than HIIT (p < 0.05). The effect size (ES) comparing HIIT and EL-HIIT was large for HR, V·E, and lactate (≥0.8) in peak values. Comparing each bout between HIIT and EL-HIIT, no difference was found in peak values (p > 0.05) during the session (excluding baseline, warm-up, and recovery). EL-HIIT presented a more pronounced cardiopulmonary and subjective response than HIIT.

Is There Agreement and Precision between Heart Rate Variability, Ventilatory, and Lactate Thresholds in Healthy Adults?

This study aims to analyze the agreement and precision between heart rate variability thresholds (HRVT1/2) with ventilatory and lactate thresholds 1 and 2 (VT1/2 and LT1/2) on a treadmill. Thirty-four male students were recruited. Day 1 consisted of conducting a health survey, anthropometrics, and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPx). On Day 2, after 48 h, a second incremental test was performed, the Cardiopulmonary Stepwise Exercise Test consisting of 3 min stages (CPxS), to determine VT1/2, LT1/2, and HRVT1/2. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA and effect size (ηp2) were used, followed by Sidak's post hoc. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Typical Error (TE) were applied to verify the precision. Bland Altman and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were applied to confirm the agreement. HRVT1 showed different values compared to LT1 (lactate, RER, and R-R interval) and VT1 (V̇E, RER, V̇CO2, and HR). No differences were found in threshold 2 (T2) between LT2, VT2, and HRVT2. No difference was found in speed and V̇O2 for T1 and T2. The precision was low to T1 (CV > 12% and TE > 10%) and good to T2 (CV < 12% and TE < 10%). The agreement was good to fair in threshold 1 (VT1, LT1, HRVT1) and excellent to good in T2 (VT1, LT1, HRVT1). HRVT1 is not a valid method (low precision) when using this protocol to estimate LT1 and VT1. However, HRVT2 is a valid and noninvasive method that can estimate LT2 and VT2, showing good agreement and precision in healthy adults.

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing with Elastic Resistance: A New Reproducible Proposal for Determination of Ventilatory Thresholds and Maximum Oxygen Consumption.

To propose a new Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test with Elastic Resistance (CPxEL) and compare the physiological responses to conventional cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPx) performed on a treadmill. In addition, we tested the reproducibility of the CPxEL. Twenty-four physically active participants completed the CPx (first session) and CPxEL twice (second and third sessions) interspersed by seven days. A treadmill protocol with increments of 1km·h-1 every minute until exhaustion was used in CPx. The CPxEL consisted of performing alternating steps back-and-forth against an elastic resistance attached to a belt and an incremental protocol with 1 stage (S) per minute following a cadence of 200 bpm controlled by a metronome in an 8-stage rubber mat. First analysis: first ventilatory threshold (VT1) occurred at 69.7% and 75.3% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) and 53.5% and 65.7% of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max). Second VT (VT2) occurred at 93.3% and 96.8% of the HRmax and 87.0% and 96.9% of V̇O2max for CPx and CPxEL, respectively. At exhaustion, V̇O2max, perceived exertion (BORG-CR10 and OMNI-RES EB), and test duration presented lower values for CPxEL (P < 0.05). Second analysis: VT1 occurred at warm-up (S0) (P = 0.731), VT2 occurred at S5 (P = 0.912), and the exhaustion occurred at S6 and S7 (P = 0.271) for CPxEL and retest, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for V̇O2max was 0.921 and for HRmax was 0.930. The CPxEL has good test-retest reproducibility and represents a possible and interesting add-on to determine maximal oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate, and second ventilatory threshold without using traditional ergometers.

Profile of blood pressure and glycemic responses after interval exercise in older women attending (in) a public health physical activity program.

BACKGROUND: and purpose: Interval exercise causes a positive impact on health status. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a feasible and low-cost interval exercise on blood pressure and glycemic responses in people with controlled systemic arterial hypertension. METHODS: Thirteen women with hypertension (HG; age: 60.2 ± 2.8 years) and 11 without hypertension (CG; age: 54.4 ± 3.8 years) were recruited. Groups performed one session of interval exercise with elastic resistance (10 series of 1:1 min/effort:rest). RESULTS: There were slight reductions of absolute systolic blood pressure values for HG at 10, 30, and 60 min (4, 9, and 8 mmHg, respectively) at post-compared to pre-exercise. Glycemia was reduced (respectively, 17.6%, 17.6%, 19.4%, and 23.1%; p < 0.05) at pre-exercise vs. 0 min and 10, 30, and 60 min post-exercise for the HG. CONCLUSION: A single session of a feasible and low-cost interval exercise modifies and promotes significant clinical effects in blood pressure and glycemic levels in female older adults with and without hypertension.

Cardiorespiratory fitness level influences the ventilatory threshold identification / Nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória influencia a identificação do limiar ventilatório

ABSTRACT We aimed to analyze the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on ventilatory threshold identification (VT1) using the Ventilatory Equivalents (VEq) and V-slope methods. Twenty-two male runners (32.9 ± 9.4 years) were divided into two groups: G1 - group with less cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF: VO2max 40 to 51 ml·kg-1·min-1) and G2 - higher CRF (G1; VO2max ?56,4 to 72 ml·kg-1·min-1) divided by the 50th percentile. An incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test was applied to identify VT1 using VEq and V-slope methods to compare heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), and speed. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare HR, VO2, and speed (groups vs. methods). The Effect size was calculated using Cohen's d. The intraclass correlation coefficient, variation coefficient, typical error, and Bland Altman were applied to verify reliability and agreement. No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between methods for G1 (VO2, HR, and speed), and Bland Altman showed good agreement (mean difference: VO2 0.35ml·kg-1·min-1; HR 2.58bpm; speed 0.33km·h-1). However, G2 presented statistical differences between methods (VO2 and speed) and a more significant mean difference (VO2 2.68ml·kg-1·min-1; HR 6.87 bpm; speed 0.88km·h-1). The small effect size was found in G1 between methods (VO2: 0.06; speed: 0.20; HR: 0.14), and small and moderate effects were found in G2 between methods (VO2: 0.39; speed: 0.43; HR: 0.51). In conclusion, runners with lower CRF have a better agreement for the V-slope and VEq methods than those with a higher CRF.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência do nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR) entre os métodos Equivalente Ventilatório (VEq) e V-slope para determinação do Limiar Ventilatório 1 (LV1). 22 homens corredores (32,9 ± 9,4 anos) foram divididos em dois grupos: G1 - grupo com menor aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR:VO2máx 40 a 51 ml·kg-1·min-1) e G2 - maior ACR (VO2máx 56,4 a 72 ml·kg-1·min-1), divididos pelo percentil 50. Foi aplicado um teste incremental cardiopulmonar para identificar o LV1 através dos métodos VEq e V-slope, comparando as seguintes variáveis: Frequência Cardíaca (FC), Consumo de Oxigênio (VO2) e velocidade. Para comparações entre FC, VO2 e velocidade (grupos vs. métodos) empregou-se ANOVA de duas vias. O tamanho do efeito foi calculado utilizando d'Cohen. Para verificar a confiabilidade e a concordância, foram aplicados o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, coeficiente de variação, erro típico e Bland Altman. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre métodos para G1 (VO2, FC e velocidade) e Bland Altman revelou boa concordância (diferença média: VO2 0,35ml·kg-1·min-1; FC 2,58bpm; velocidade 0,33km·h-1). Contudo, G2 apresentou diferenças estatísticas entre métodos (VO2 e velocidade) e maior diferença média (VO2 2,68ml·kg-1·min-1; FC 6,87 bpm; velocidade 0,88km·h-1). Tamanho de efeito pequeno foi encontrado no G1 entre os métodos (VO2: 0,06; velocidade: 0,20; FC: 0,14) e efeitos Pequenos e moderados foram encontrados no G2 entre os métodos (VO2: 0,39; velocidade: 0,43; FC: 0,51). Conclui-se que corredores com menor ACR apresentam melhor concordância para os métodos V-slope e VEq em comparação aqueles com maior ACR.

Identification of the plateau in maximal oxygen consumption: proposal and application of a new method of analysis / Identificación de la meseta en el consumo máximo de oxígeno: propuesta y aplicación de un nuevo método de análisis / Identificação do platô no consumo máximo de oxigênio: proposta e aplicação de um novo método de análise

OBJECTIVE: The classic criterion for VO2máx plateau identification was proposed by Taylor et al. (1955), however, there are many critiques of this method. In this paper, we propose a new statistic-based VO2max plateau identification methodology. In addition, we aim to test for eventual differences between characteristics of the individuals who presented and those who did not present the maximum VO2max plateau. METHOD: Forty-one (n = 41) physically active men participated. The subjects underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test using ramp protocol to measure the VO2max and other physiological variables. The identification of VO2max plateau was performed by segmented linear regression with unknown breakpoints for each individual. RESULTS: Although 58.54% (24) of the sample presented VO2max plateau, no significant differences were observed in metabolic, ventilatory and velocity variables between the groups. CONCLUSION: The methodology presents advantages, since it is adequate to analyze VO2 variations individually and because it is based on statistical techniques, which considers the continuous records of the maximal effort test, not segmenting it in sections for analysis. The comparison between groups, according to the occurrence of the plateau, showed no differences between them

OBJETIVO: El criterio clásico para la identificación de la meseta lo propuso Taylor (1955), sin embargo, hay muchas críticas al método. Se plantea con este estudio presentar un nuevo método de identificación de la meseta de VO2máx., basado en cálculos estadísticos. Además, se pretende con este estudio determinar si hay disconformidad entre las características de los individuos que presentaron y los que no presentaron la meseta de VO2máx. MÉTODO: Formaron parte del estudio cuarenta y un varones (n = 41) físicamente activos. Cada indivíduo hizo un examen cardiopulmonar en el cual fue utilizado un protocolo en rampa para medir el VO2máx. y otras variables fisiológicas. La identificación de la meseta de VO2máx. se produjo a través del análisis de regresión segmentada y con el punto de quiebre ignorado para cada individuo. RESULTADOS: Un total del 58.54% (24) de la muestra presentaron meseta de VO2máx. Entre los grupos, no se observó diferencias significativas en las variables metabólicas, ventilatoria y de velocidad. CONCLUSIÓN: La metodología planteada presenta ventajas, ya que es eficaz para analizar individualmente las variaciones de VO2, además de basarse en técnicas estadísticas que consideran a los registros de exámenes de esfuerzo máximo realizados, sin segmentarse para análisis. La comparación entre grupos, de acuerdo con lo sucedido en la meseta, no evidenció disconformidad entre los individuos

OBJETIVO: O criterio clássico para identificação de platô de VO2máx foi proposto por Taylor et al. (1955), no entanto, existem muitas críticas a esse método. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma nova metodologia de identificação de platô no VO2máx, baseada em cálculos estatísticos. Além disso, pretendemos identificar se há diferença entre as características dos indivíduos que apresentaram e os que não apresentaram o platô no VO2máx. MÉTODO: Quarenta e um (n = 41) homens fisicamente ativos participaram do estudo. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a um teste de exercício cardiopulmonar usando um protocolo de rampa para medir o VO2máx e outras variáveis fisiológicas. A identificação do platô do VO2máx foi realizada por meio de uma regressão linear segmentada com pontos de parada desconhecidos para cada indivíduo. RESULTADOS: Embora 58.54% (24) da amostra apresentassem o platô do VO2máx, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas variáveis metabólicas, ventilatórias e de velocidade entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A metodologia proposta apresenta vantagens, pois é adequada para analisar variações do VO2 individualmente e por se basear em técnicas estatísticas, que consideram os registros contínuos do teste de esforço máximo, não segmentando em seções para análise. A comparação entre os grupos, de acordo com a ocorrência do platô, não mostrou diferenças entre eles

Supervised walking improves cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise tolerance, and fatigue in women with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a randomized-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a supervised walking program in women with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Forty-five sedentary women fulfilling the American European Consensus Criteria for pSS were randomized to a training group (TG, n = 23) or control group (CG, n = 22). Patients in the TG were submitted to supervise walking three times a week for 16 weeks. The patients of the CG were instructed to not perform any kind of regular physical exercise. Physical fitness [maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and distance], EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), hematological tests, and Medical Outcomes Study 36 (SF-36) were assessed at baseline and week 16. In addition, EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Subscale (FACIT-fatigue), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were measured prior to intervention, after 8 and 16 weeks. Patient global assessment of response to therapy was completed at the final assessment. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed. RESULTS: After 16 weeks, the mean change of VO2max (ml/kg/min), distance, and FACIT-fatigue were higher in the TG than in the CG (p = 0.016, p = 0.043 and p = 0.030, respectively). Improved cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with improvements in fatigue scores and physical components of quality of life (SF-36). Furthermore, improved fatigue scores were associated with reduced depression and improvements in the physical and mental components of SF-36. Overall, 95.4% of patients in the TG rated themselves as clinically improved versus 62% of the patients in the CG (p = 0.049). There was no flare in disease activity and no serious adverse events with exercise. CONCLUSIONS: This supervised walking program was demonstrated to be feasible and safe with improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise tolerance, fatigue, and patient perception of improvement in pSS patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov ID, number NCT02370225.

Oxygen consumption and heart rate obtained in a ramp protocol are equivalent during exercise session of rectangular loading at ventilatory thresholds for athletes / Consumo de oxigênio e frequência cardíaca obtidos em um protocolo de rampa são equivalentes durante sessão de exercícios de carga retangular nos limiares ventilatórios para atletas

Abstract Training near or at ventilatory threshold (VT) is an adequate stimulus to improve the thresholds for sedentary subjects, but a higher intensity is necessary for conditioned subjects. The choice of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPx) protocol has an influence on VTs identification and can reduce their reliability for exercise prescription. This study tested if VO2 and heart rate (HR) corresponding to first (VT1) and second ventilatory threshold (VT2) determined during a ramp protocol were equivalent to those observed in rectangular load exercises at the same intensity in runners elite athletes (EA) and non-athletes (NA). Eighteen health subjects were divided into two groups: EA (n = 9, VO2max 68.6 mL·kg-1·min-1) and NA (n = 9, VO2max 47.2 mL·kg-1·min-1). They performed CPx and 48h and 96h later, a continuous running lasting 1 h for VT1 and until exhaustion for VT2. The results showed that EA at VT1 session, presented delta differences for VO2 (+9.1%, p = 0.125) vs. NA (+20.5%, p = 0.012). The Bland-Altman plots for VT1 presented biases of (4.4 ± 6.9) and (5.5 ± 5.6 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) for AE and NA, respectively. In VT2, the VO2 and HR of the NA showed biases of (0.4 ± 2.9 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) and (4.9 ± 4.2 bpm). The ramp protocol used in this study was inappropriate for NA because it underestimates the values of VO2 and HR at VT1 found in the rectangular load exercise. The HR showed good agreement at VT2 with CPx and may be a good parameter for controlling exercise intensity.

Resumo O treinamento no limiar ventilatório (LV) é um estímulo adequado para melhorar os limiares em indivíduos sedentários, entretanto uma maior intensidade é necessária para indivíduos condicionados. A escolha do protocolo de teste de exercício cardiopulmonar (CPx) tem influência na identificação dos LV e pode reduzir sua confiabilidade na prescrição do exercício. Este estudo testouse o VO2 e a frequência cardíaca (FC) correspondentes ao primeiro (LV1) e segundo limiar ventilatório (LV2) determinados durante um protocolo de rampa foram equivalentes àqueles observados em exercícios de carga retangular nas mesmas intensidades em atletas corredores de elite (AE) e não atletas (NA). Dezoito homens saudáveis foram divididos em dois grupos: AE (n = 9, VOmax 68,6 mL·kg-1·min-1) e NA (n = 9, VO2max 47,2 mL·kg-1·min-1). Eles realizaram CPx e 48h e 96h depois, uma corrida contínua com duração de 1 h para o LV1 e até a exaustão para o LV2. O grupo AE na sessão LV1, apresentou diferenças de delta para VO2(+ 9,1%, p = 0,125) vs. NA (+ 20,5%, p = 0,012). Bland-Altman para LV1 apresentaram vieses de (4,4 ± 6,9) e (5,5 ± 5,6 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) para AE e NA, respectivamente. No LV2, o VO2 e a FC do NA apresentaram vieses de (0,4 ± 2,9) mLO2·kg-1·min-1 e (4,9 ± 4,2) bpm. O protocolo de rampa utilizado foi inadequado para NA pois subestima os valores de VO2 e FC em LV1 encontrados no exercício de carga retangular. A FC exibiu boa concordância no LV2 e pode ser um bom parâmetro para controlar a intensidade do exercício.

Level of performance and stability of cardiopulmonary variables in the intensity of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the behavior of different cardiopulmonary variables in exercise session with constant running speed, corresponding to the intensity of ventilatory anaerobic threshold and identifying the steady state in a different level of performance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with nine elite athletes (31 ± 5.7 years, 1.7 ± 0.05 meters and O2max 68.6 ± 3.2 mL·kg-1·min-1) and nine non-athletes (32 ± 10 years, 1.8 ± 0.1 meters and O2max 47.2± 4.4 mL·kg-1·min-1). Two visits to the laboratory have been conducted. Firstly, cardiopulmonary exercise testing until voluntary exhaustion took place to identify ventilatory thresholds and maximum oxygen consumption (O2max) and secondly, there was a running session for 1 hour in ventilatory anaerobic threshold speed, with continuous measurement of exhaled gases. A range of 5% (∆5%) for VO2 and PetCO2 was used; 5.5% (∆5.5%) for VE and 3% (∆3%) for respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and one-way ANOVA with statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05 to identify the steady state of results. RESULTS: A session with constant speed related to ventilatory anaerobic threshold intensity showed similarity in the steady state of ventilatory variables except for RER in the NA group (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was possible to identify the steady state from ventilatory variables related to ventilatory anaerobic threshold intensity that occurred independently of the physical performance level.(AU)

Respostas cardiopulmonares agudas ao exercício com kettlebell / Acute cardiopulmonary responses to kettlebell exercise / Respuestas cardiopulmonares agudas al ejercicio con kettlebell

Resumo Com o objetivo de comparar o consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e a frequência cardíaca (FC) alcançados nos exercício swing e clean com kettlebell (KB), em relação ao máximo e ao limiar anaeróbio ventilatório (LAV), foram avaliadas 12 mulheres treinadas em KB (idade 31 ± 7; %G 21 ± 7; VO2máx. 43,5 ± 6,8; FCmáx. 183 ± 7). Foram feitos o teste cardiopulmonar em esteira ergométrica (TCPE) e dois testes de cinco minutos com KB. Não houve diferença significativa entre swing e clean para qualquer das variáveis. O VO2 atingiu valores acima do encontrado no LAV do TCPE, tanto para o swing quanto para o clean, 75% e 77% do VO2máx.(ml.kg-1.min-1) e 93% e 95% da FCmáx (bpm), respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem uma exigência aguda do sistema aeróbio suficiente para possíveis adaptações cardiovasculares em resposta aos exercícios com KB.

Abstract In order to compare the oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) reached the swing exercise and clean with Kettlebell (KB), relative to the maximum and the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), were evaluated 12 women trained in KB (Age 31 ± 7; %BF 21 ± 7; VO2máx. 43,5 ± 6,8; HRmax 183 ± 7). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill (CPET) and two five-minute tests were performed with KB. There was no significant difference between swing and clean for the variables. VO2 reached values higher than those found in LAV CPET for both the swing and to the clean, 75% and 77% of VO2max. (ml.kg-1.min-1) and 93% to 95% HRmax (bpm), respectively. The results suggest an acute requirement of sufficient aerobic system for possible cardiovascular adaptations in response to exercise with KB.

Resumen Con el fin de comparar el consumo de oxígeno (VO2) y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) alcanzados en el ejercicio de swing y clean con kettlebell (KB) en relación con el umbral anaeróbico ventilatorio (UAV) y máximo, se evaluó a 12 mujeres entrenadas en KB (edad: 31 ± 7; %G: 21 ± 7; VO2máx.: 43,5 ± 6,8; FCmáx.: 183 ± 7). Se fazeron una prueba de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar (PECP) en cinta sin fin y dos pruebas de 5 minutos con KB. No hubo diferencia considerable entre swing y clean en ninguna de las variables. El VO2 alcanzó valores superiores a los que se hallaron en UAV y PECP, tanto en swing como en clean, es decir, el 75 y el 77% de VO2máx. (ml.kg-1.min-1) y el 93 y el 95% de FCmáx. (lpm), respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren un fuerte requerimiento del sistema aeróbico, suficiente para posibles adaptaciones cardiovasculares en respuesta al ejercicio con KB.

Heart rate as an indicator for exercise prescription for normal, overweight, and obese adolescents

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between heart rate (HR) predicted and VO2max using a CPET (cardiopulmonary exercise testing) among normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents. The sample comprised 299 adolescents (142 boys), from Vitória (ES, Brazil), aged 10-14 years (12.6±1.4). Adolescents were classified into normal weight (n=236), overweight (n=34), and obese (n=29). Adolescents were subjected to a CPET ramp protocol on a treadmill. It was observed that the reserve heart rate (HRres) was similar to the maximum recommended oxygen uptake (VO2) for the maintenance and improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. It was also observed that HRres can be used to control the intensity of exercise sessions in physical education classes independent of weight status. In conclusion, the relationship between the HR and VO2 for adolescents is linear, allowing the level of intensity to be determined by the HRres proportion related with the correspondent %VO2max levels of intensity, according to BMI-for-age categories

Transição metabólica no teste progressivo de pessoas treinadas com musculação e corrida / Metabolic transition in trained people in progressive test with resistance training and running / Transición metabólica en personas entrenadas para prueba progresiva con musculación y carrera

INTRODUÇÃO: A especificidade das adaptações cardiorrespiratórias e metabólicas do treinamento aeróbio e de força evocam respostas distintas durante o teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE). Objetivo: Descrever o comportamento cardiorrespiratório durante a transição metabólica (TM) do TCPE, de praticantes de corrida e musculação, comparados a um grupo controle.MÉTODOS: Homens de 21 a 55 anos foram agrupados em: grupo de corredores (GC, n = 30), grupo de musculação (GM, n = 23) e grupo controle (GCON, n = 38). Foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica e TCPE com análise do limiar anaeróbio ventilatório (LAV) e do ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR). Calculou-se a economia de corrida pela relação entre VO2 e velocidade do teste (ECINCLINA).RESULTADOS: Na fase de transição metabólica, a carga (km/h) foi superior no GC (4,2 ± 1,6) vs. GCON (2,7 ± 1,6) e GM (2,8 ± 1,0); P < 0,05. O GC apresentou maior VO2LAV; VO2PCR e VO2MÁX.(36 ± 8; 46 ± 8; 51 ± 8 vs. 24 ± 6; 35 ± 5; 40 ± 6 e 26 ± 6; 35 ± 6; 40 ± 7 ml.kg-1.min-1; P < 0,05), comparado com GCON e GM, respectivamente, mesmo após a correção alométrica. A FCREP foi menor entre GC e GCON (CE = 52 ± 6; CON = 60 ± 8 bpm;P < 0,05). Na fase de TM, o GC apresentou maior aumento da carga de trabalho e menor alteração do pulso de oxigênio comparado ao GCON e ao GM. O VO2 durante a TM não difere entre os grupos. O GC apresentou menor ECINCLINA nos instantes finais do teste, comparado a GCON e GM.CONCLUSÃO: O GC apresentou maior eficiência metabólica nas transições progressivas de intensidade de esforço em relação a GCON e GM e o GM não exibe capacidade de transição aprimorada no TCPE, até mesmo quando comparados a indivíduos sedentários.

INTRODUCTION: The specificity of cardiorespiratory and metabolic adaptations of aerobic and strength training evoke different responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Objective: To describe the cardiorespiratory behavior during metabolic transition (MT) of CPET, runners and bodybuilders compared to a control group. METHODS: Men aged 21-55 years were grouped as follows: runners group (RG, n=30), strength group (SG, n=23) and control group (CG, n=38). The subjects underwent anthropometric and CPET assessment with analysis of ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) and the respiratory compensation point (RCP). We calculated the running economy by the relationship between VO2 and test speed (ECINCLINA). RESULTS: In metabolic transition phase, the running speed (km/h) was higher in the RG group (4.2±1.6) vs. CG (2.7±1.6) and SG (2.8±1.0); P<0.05. The RG had higher VO2LAV, VO2PCR, and VO2MAX (36±8; 46±8, 51±8 vs. 24±6, 35±5, 40 ± 6, and 26±6, 35±6, 40± 7ml.kg-1.min-1; P<0.05) compared to group CG and SG, respectively, even after allometric correction. The resting heart rate was lower among RG and CG (R=52±6; C=60±8 bpm, P<0.05). In the MT phase the RG had a greater increase in workload and less change in oxygen pulse compared to CG and SG. The VO2 during MT did not differ between groups. The RG showed lower ECINCLINA in the closing stages of the test compared to CG and SG. CONCLUSION: The RG showed higher metabolic efficiency in progressive transitions of effort intensity in relation to CG and SG and the SG does not display enhanced transition capacity in CPET, even when compared to sedentary individuals.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La especificidad de las adaptaciones cardiorrespiratorias y metabólicas del entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza evoca diferentes respuestas durante la prueba de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar (PECP). Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento cardiorrespiratorio durante la transición metabólica (TM) de la PECP, de corredores y culturistas, en comparación con un grupo control.MÉTODOS: Hombres entre 21 y 55 años fueron agrupados de la siguiente manera: grupo corredores (GC; n = 30), grupo culturistas (GCU; n = 23) y grupo control (GCON; n = 38). Los participantes se sometieron a evaluación antropométrica y PECP, con el análisis de umbral anaeróbico ventilatorio (UAV) y el punto de compensación respiratoria (PCR). Se calculó la economía de carrera mediante la relación entre VO2 y velocidad de la prueba (ECINCLINA).RESULTADOS: En la transición metabólica, la carga (km/h) fue mayor en el GC (4,2 ± 1,6) vs. GCON (2,7 ± 1,6) y GCU (2,8 ± 1,0); P < 0,05. El GC presentó mayor VO2UAV; VO2RCPy VO2MÁX.(36 ± 8; 46 ± 8; 51 ± 8 vs. 24 ± 6; 35 ± 5; 40 ± 6 y 26 ± 6; 35 ± 6; 40 ± 7 ml.kg-1.min-1; P < 0,05), en comparación con GCON y GCU, respectivamente, incluso después de la corrección alométrica. La FCREPfue menor entre GD y GCON (GC = 52 ± 6; GCON = 60 ± 8 bpm; P < 0,05). La fase de TM en el GC presentó mayor aumento de carga de trabajo y menos cambios en el pulso de oxígeno en comparación con GCON y GCU. El VO2 durante la TM no difirió entre los grupos. El GC mostró menor ECINCLINA en los momentos finales de la prueba en comparación con GCON y GCU.CONCLUSIÓN: El GC mostró una mayor eficiencia metabólica en las transiciones progresivas de esfuerzo en comparación con GCON y GCU, y GCU no muestra una mayor capacidad de transición en el PECP, incluso en comparación con los individuos sedentarios.

Vo2max estimadoppor equações preditivas apresena baixa concordância com o obtiido pelo teste cardiopulmonar - padrão ouro / Vo2maxestimated by predictive equatios presents low concordance withh that obtained by cardiopulmonary test - gold standard

RESUMOO objetivo foi avaliar a concordância entre mensurações do VO2maxobtidas em teste cardiopulmonar de exercício versus obtidas por equações preditivas. Homens (21-55 anos) foram agrupados em praticantes de musculação (PM; n=31) e corridas (PC; n=28) e não praticantes (SE; n=35). Testou-se 5 equações, uma delas elaborada a partir de amostra brasileira. A concordância foi avaliada por Bland-Altman e as correlações pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r). Os r entre medida padrão ouro vs. equações ficaram entre 0,27 a 0,75, com p<0,05 para a maioria. Entretanto, as concordâncias foram baixas. Na equação obtida em brasileiros, os valores menos concordantes foram, em ordem: SE, PM e PC; nas demais equações foram: PC, PM e SE. As piores estimativas foram para VO2maxmais elevados, principalmente >40 mL.kg-1.min1. Conclui-se que as equações preditivas avaliadas nesse estudo geraram medidas de baixa concordância quando comparadas ao padrão ouro, principalmente para VO2max>40 mL.kg-1.min-1.

ABSTRACTThe aim was to evaluate the concordance between measurements of VO2max obtained by exercise cardiopulmonary test (gold-standard) vs. that obtained by predictive equations. Men (21-55 years-old) were grouped into Resistance training (RT; n=31), long-distance runners (R; n=28) and non-exercise practitioners (C; n=35). Five equations were tested, one of them made from Brazilian sample. The concordance was evaluated by Bland-Altman, and correlation analysis by Pearson's coefficient (r). The r between gold-standard vs. equations ranged 0.27 to 0.75, with p<0.05 for the most analysis, however, with low concordance. Regarding the equation obtained in Brazilians, the values with lower concordance were, following the order: C, RT and R. In relation to others equations, again with lower concordance, the order was R, RT and C. The worst estimates were to higher VO2max values, mainly for >40 mL.kg-1.min-1. In conclusion, the predictive equations tested generate low concordance when compared to VO2maxgold-standard test, mainly for VO2max>40 mL.kg-1.min-1.

Efeito do treinamento sobre a eficiência ventilatória de indivíduos saudáveis / Effect of training on ventilatory efficiency in healthy subjects / Efecto del entrenamiento sobre la eficiencia ventilatoria de individuos saludables

Introdução: Diversos índices de eficiência ventilatória (EV) têm fornecido uma medida extra para avaliação do condicionamento cardiorrespiratório em adição ao consumo de oxigênio (VO2) no pico do exercício e no nível do limiar ventilatório (VO2LV). Em indivíduos com insuficiência cardíaca já foi demonstrado que há aumento da EV após treinamento. No entanto, a sensibilidade dessa medida para avaliar o efeito do treinamento em indivíduos saudáveis foi pouco estudada. Objetivo: Testar a hipótese de que um programa de treinamento delineado para melhorar a condição aeróbia, também exerça alterações na eficiência ventilatória em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: 48 homens, aparentemente saudáveis e ativos (24±5 anos), foram submetidos a um teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE), antes e após 13 semanas de treinamento aeróbio, realizado três vezes por semana, durante 30 minutos com a intensidade inicial de 60-65% da FCmáx, gradualmente aumentada até o fim do programa para 85-90% da FCmax. Os parâmetros avaliados incluíram: VO2pico, VO2 no LV e EV determinada através do cálculo do slope da relação entre a ventilação e a produção de dióxido de carbono, por meio de regressão linear. Resultados: Houve um aumento de 12,5% no VO2LV (30,4±4,5 vs. 34,2±4,9 ml.kg-1.min-1, p<0,05) e de 10,9% no VO2pico (53,2±8,3 vs. 59±9,9 ml.kg-1.min-1, p<0,05), acompanhado de uma redução de 4,1% no slope VE-VCO2 (25,2±3,3 vs. 24,2±3,7, p<0,05). Conclusão: A EV aumenta após o treinamento em homens saudáveis sugerindo que o slope da relação VE-VCO2 pode ser utilizado de forma adicional na monitoração ...

Introduction: Several indices of ventilatory efficiency (VE) have provided an extra measure to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in addition to oxygen uptake (VO2) at peak exercise and at the level of ventilatory threshold (VO2VT). In patients with heart failure has been demonstrated that there is increase of ventilatory efficiency after training. However, the sensitivity of this measure to assess the effect of training in health subjects has been little studied. Objective: To test the hypothesis that a training program designed to improve aerobic fitness also changes the ventilatory efficiency in healthy subjects. Methods: 48 men seemingly healthy and active (24±5 years) underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) before and after 13 weeks of aerobic training, performed three times a week for 30 minutes with the initial intensity 60-65% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) gradually increased until the end of program for 85-90% of HRmax. The parameters evaluated included: VO2peak, VO2VT and ventilatory efficiency that was determined by calculating the slope of the relationship between ventilation and production of carbon dioxide by linear regression. Results: There was a 12.5% increase in VO2VT (30.4 ± 4.5 vs. 34.2 ± 4.9 ml.kg-1.min-1, p <0.05) and 10.9% in VO2peak (53.2 ± 8.3 vs. 59 ± 9.9, ml.kg-1.min-1 p<0.05), accompanied by a 4.1% reduction in VE-VCO2 slope (25.2 ± 3.3 vs. 24.2 ± 3.7, p<0.05). Conclusion: Ventilatory efficiency increases after training in healthy men suggesting that the slope of the relationship VE-VCO2 can be used in addition to the monitoring of the effects of training, complementing the interpretation of cardiorespiratory integration of CEPT. .

Introducción: Diversos índices de eficiencia ventilatoria (EV) han suministrado una medida extra para evaluación del condicionamiento cardiorrespiratorio en adición al consumo de oxígeno (VO2) en el pico del ejercicio y en el nivel del umbral ventilatorio (VO2LV). En individuos con insuficiencia cardíaca ya fue demostrado que hay aumento de la EV después del entrenamiento. Sin embargo, la sensibilidad de esa medida para evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento en individuos saludables fue poco estudiada. Objetivo: Probar la hipótesis de que un programa de entrenamiento delineado para mejorar la condición aeróbica, que también ejerza alteraciones en la eficiencia ventilatoria en individuos saludables. Métodos: 48 hombres, aparentemente saludables y activos (24±5 años), fueron sometidos a un test cardiopulmonar de ejercicio (TCPE), antes y después de 13 semanas de entrenamiento aeróbico, realizado tres veces por semana, durante 30 minutos con la intensidad inicial de 60-65% de la FCmax, gradualmente aumentada hasta el fin del programa para 85-90% de la FCmax. Los parámetros evaluados incluyeron: VO2pico, VO2 en el LV y EV determinada a través del cálculo del slope de la relación entre la ventilación y la producción de dióxido de carbono, por medio de regresión lineal. Resultados: Hubo un aumento de 12,5% en el VO2LV (30,4±4,5 vs. 34,2±4,9 ml.kg-1.min-1, p<0,05) y de 10,9% en el VO2pico (53,2±8,3 vs. 59±9,9 ml.kg-1.min-1, p<0,05), acompañado de una reducción de 4,1% en el slope VE-VCO2 (25,2±3,3 vs. 24,2±3,7, p<0,05). Conclusión: La EV aumenta después del entrenamiento en hombres saludables sugiriendo que el slope de la relación VE-VCO2 puede ser utilizado de forma adicional en el monitoreo de los efectos del entrenamiento, complementando la i...

Active and sedentary behaviours in children aged 7 to 10 years old: the urban and rural contexts, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Although the effects of physical activity (PA) on health and wellness are well-established, incorporating sedentary behaviours in the daily lives of populations from high- and medium-income countries is becoming increasingly common. Regardless of other factors, the area of residence can influence the physical activity level and sedentary behaviours. The aim of this study was to identify and analyse active and sedentary behaviours and factors associated with physical activity in two different geographical areas in south-eastern Brazil. METHODS: 1.770 schoolchildren aged 7-10 years old were studied. Parents or caregivers completed a validated questionnaire on PA and sedentary behaviours. Screen time (ST) was calculated from the time spent watching television, playing video games and using the computer. The level of active PA (>300 minutes per week) was identified and compared between the areas of study. Parametric and non-parametric tests and Poisson regression model with robust variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared to schoolchildren from the urban area, those from the rural area showed a higher percentage of compliance with the PA recommendations (87 vs. 69.7%) and screen time <2 h (34.8 vs. 18.8%) and less participation in supervised PA. Active commuting to school was more common among schoolchildren from urban areas, although using a bicycle was more common in rural areas. The characteristics of children who do not meet the recommended weekly PA are as follows: being female, living in urban areas, being overweight, not using video games or performing supervised PA. Total ST as well as daily use of television and the computer was not associated with physical activity level in the present sample. Participation in supervised physical activities in both areas was found to increase the prevalence of being active in the areas studied. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that while schoolchildren from rural areas are more active and spend less time on sedentary activities than those from the urban area, the time spent in sedentary behaviors, such as watching television, playing video games and using the computer, is high in both contexts, and it is not associated with physical activity recommendation compliance.

Efeito de três periodizações do treinamento aeróbio sobre o limiar ventilatório / Effect of three different periodization of endurance training on ventilatory threshold / Efecto de tres periodizaciones del entrenamiento aeróbico en el umbral ventilatorio

Objetivou-se comparar o efeito do treinamento aeróbio com diferentes progressões da intensidade sobre o limiar ventilatório (VO2LV) e VO2pico. Quarenta e oito homens foram distribuídos nos grupos crescente (GCRES), ondulatório (GOND) e escalonado (GESC), e avaliados antes e após treze semanas de treinamento, realizado três vezes por semana por trinta minutos. Os limites inferior e superior da intensidade foram iguais nos três grupos (65-90% da FCmáx.), porém a progressão foi estruturada diferentemente, fazendo com que as cargas de treinamento fossem distintas. Houve aumento do LV (GOND 29 ± 4 vs. 32 ± 4; GCRES 30 ± 4,6 vs. 34 ± 5,7; GESC 32,8 ± 4,6 vs. 35,7 ± 5. mL.kg-1.min-1) e VO2pico (GOND 52,6 ± 7 vs. 57,8 ± 10; GCRES 53 ± 10 vs. 57,7 ± 10; GESC 54 ± 8 vs. 61,5 ± 9 mL.kg-1.min-1) dos três grupos, sem diferenças entre eles. Os três protocolos foram eficazes no aumento do LV e VO2pico apesar das diferenças nas cargas de treinamento.

This study aimed to compare the effect of aerobic training with different progressions of intensity on ventilatory threshold (VO2VT) and VO2peak. 48 men were divided into groups: incremental progression (INC), undulatory (UND) and stepped (STEP), and evaluated before and after 13 weeks of training, performed three times a week for 30 minutes. The lower and upper limit of the intensity were equal in all groups (65-90% HRmax.), but the progression was structured differently, making the training loads were distinct. There was an increase in both, VT (UND 29 ± 4 vs. 32 ± 4; INC 30 ± 4.6 vs. 34 ± 5.7; STEP 32.8 ± 4.6 vs. 35.7 ± 5. mL.kg-1. min-1) and VO2peak (UND 52.6 ± 7 vs. 57.8 ± 10; INC 53 ± 10 vs. 57.7 ± 10; STEP 54 ± 8 vs. 61.5 ± 9 mL.kg-1.min-1) in the three groups, with no differences between them. The three protocols were effective in increasing the VT and VO2peak despite differences in training loads.

El objetivo fue comparar el efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico con diferentes progresiones de intensidad sobre el umbral ventilatorio. 48 hombres fueron divididos en grupos llamados, creciente (GCREC), ondulado (GOND) y escalonado (GESC), y evaluados antes y después de 13 semanas de entrenamiento, realizada tres veces a la semana durante 30 minutos. El límite inferior y superior de la intensidad fue similar en los tres grupos (65-90% da FCmáx.), pero el avance fue estructurado de manera diferente, haciendo las cargas de entrenamiento eran distintas. Hubo aumento del LV (GOND 29 ± 4 vs. 32 ± 4; GCRES 30 ± 4,6 vs. 34 ± 5,7; GESC 32,8 ± 4,6 vs. 35,7 ± 5. mL.kg-1.min-1) y VO2pico (GOND 52,6 ± 7 vs. 57,8 ± 10; GCRES 53 ± 10 vs. 57,7 ± 10; GESC 54 ± 8 vs. 61,5 ± 9 mL.kg-1.min-1) en los tres grupos, sin diferencias entre ellos. Los tres protocolos fueron eficaces en el aumento de LV e VO2pico a pesar de las diferencias en la carga de entrenamiento.

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física / UFES: Pesquisa e ensino em atividade física & saúde / Postgraduate Program in Physical Education / UFES: Research and education in physical education and health

A pesquisa e a formação de recursos humanos em atividade física e saúde têm importância significativa para o desenvolvimento da pós-graduação em educação física no país. O presente artigo apresenta os laboratórios e linhas de pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (PPGEF/UFES) com aderência a esta temática. São descritos o contexto, ações e motivações que possibilitaram a abertura da área de concentração em Educação Física, movimento corporal humano e saúde, suas respectivas linhas de pesquisa, os princípios gerais adotados na formação de novos pesquisadores, as temáticas específicas de cada grupo e as parcerias e redes de pesquisa estabelecidas. Como conclusão, indicamos o potencial de contribuição das linhas de pesquisa do PPGEF/UFES para o conhecimento sobre o tema e o desenvolvimento regional.

Research and training of human resources in physical activity and health have significant importance for the development of graduate in physical education in the country. This article presents laboratories and research lines of the Postgraduate Program in Physical Education of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (PPGEF / UFES) related to that subject. Context, actions and motivations that made possible the opening of a major in Physical Education, Human body movement and health, their respective research lines, general principles adopted in the training of new researchers, their specific themes, partnerships and research networks established are described. In conclusion, we point out the potential of contribution of the PPGEF / UFES for the knowledge on the subject and the regional development.

Heart rate at 4 s after the onset of exercise in endurance-trained men.

It has been suggested that the increase in heart rate (HR) at the onset of exercise is caused by vagal withdrawal. In fact, endurance runners show a lower HR in maximum aerobic tests. However, it is still unknown whether endurance runners have a lower HR at 4 s after the onset of exercise (4th-sec-HR). We sought to measure the HR at the onset of the 4 s exercise test (4-sET), clarifying its relationship to heart rate variability (HRV), spectral indices, and cardiac vagal index (CVI) in endurance runners (ER) and healthy untrained controls (CON). HR at 4th-sec-HR, CVI, and percent HR increase during exercise were analyzed in the 4-sET. High frequency spectrum (HF-nu), low frequency spectrum (LF-nu), and low frequency/high frequency band ratio (LF/HF) were analyzed from the HRV. ER showed a significantly higher HF, and both a lower LF and LF/HF ratio compared with the CON. ER presented a significantly lower 4th-sec-HR, although neither CVI nor HR increases during exercise were statistically different from the CON. In conclusion, ER presented a lower 4th-sec-HR secondary to increased vagal influence over the sinus node. CVI seems to be too weak to use for discriminating individuals with respect to the magnitude of HR vagal control.

Desempenho em teste cardiopulmonar de adolescentes: peso normal e excesso de peso / Performance on cardiopulmonary testing in adolescents: normal weight and overweight / Desempeño en prueba cardiopulmonar de adolescentes con peso normal y sobrepeso

INTRODUÇÃO: Sabe-se que o excesso de peso interfere no desempenho físico do cotidiano do adolescente e, consequentemente, na aptidão física e na capacidade cardiorrespiratória. OBJETIVO: O estudo objetivou identificar e comparar os valores das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias no limiar anaeróbico ventilatório (LAV) de adolescentes com peso normal e excesso de peso. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 140 adolescentes de ambos os sexos entre 10 e 14 anos, escolares do município de Vitória, ES, Brasil. Foram mensuradas massa corporal e estatura para cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC). Os adolescentes foram divididos em grupo peso normal (GPN) e grupo excesso de peso (GEP), realizaram um eletrocardiograma de repouso e um teste cardiopulmonar de exercício em esteira ergométrica (Inbrasport Super ATL) utilizando o ergoespirômetro MedGraphics Corporation e o protocolo de rampa. O LAV foi identificado pelo método V-slope e/ou equivalente ventilatório de oxigênio (VE/VO2). Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis no LAV: consumo de oxigênio (VO2LAV ml.kg-1.min-1), frequência cardíaca (FCLAV bpm), percentuais do consumo máximo de oxigênio (%VO2máxLAV) e da FC máxima (%FCmáxLAV), e velocidade (VelLAV km/h), além do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx ml.kg-1.min-1) e FC máxima (FCmáx). Foi realizado teste t de Student nas comparações entre os grupos, considerando p<0,05 para significância estatística. RESULTADOS: O GPN apresentou valores significativamente maiores no LAV para VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1 (20,0 ±6,4 vs 15,8 ±5,7) e velocidade (7,1 ±0,9km/h vs 6,2 ±1,1km/h), e para o VO2máx (44,6 ±7,6 vs 36,0 ±6,4) quando comparado ao GEP. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem que adolescentes com excesso de ...

INTRODUCTION: It is known that excess weight interferes with the daily physical performance of adolescents and consequently, in physical adaptation and cardiorespiratory capacity. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to identify and compare the cardiorespiratory variables at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) of normal weight and overweight adolescents. METHODS: The sample consisted of 140 adolescent students of both sexes, aged between 10 and 14 years, in the city of Vitória, ES. Body weight and height were measured, to calculate the body mass index (BMI). The adolescents were divided into normal weight group (NWG) and overweight group (OWG). A resting electrocardiogram was performed, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill (Inbrasport Super ATL) using a MedGraphics Corporation ergospirometer and the ramp protocol. The VAT was identified by the V-slope method and/or ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (VE/VO2). The following variables were analyzed in the VAT: oxygen consumption (VO2VAT ml.kg-1.min-1), heart rate (bpm HRVAT), percentages of maximum oxygen uptake (%VO2maxVAT) and maximum HR (%HRmaxVAT) and speed (VelVAT km/h), as well as maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max ml.kg-1.min-1) and maximum heart rate (HRmax). The Student's T-test was performed for comparisons between groups, considering p <0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS: The NWG was significantly higher in VAT for VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1 (20.0 ± 6.4 vs 15.8 ± 5.7) and speed (7.1 ± 0.9 km/h vs 6.2 ± 1.1 km/h), and VO2max (44.6 ± 7.6 vs. 36.0 ± 6.4) compared to the OWG. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that overweight adolescents have impaired cardiorespiratory fitness not only at the maximum level, but also at submaximal level (VAT), compared with normal weight adolescents. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se sabe que el exceso de peso interfiere con el desempeño físico cotidiano del adolescente y por lo tanto en la aptitud física y la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y comparar los valores de las variables cardiorrespiratorias en el umbral anaerobio ventilatorio (UAV) de los adolescentes con peso normal y sobrepeso. MÉTODOS: La muestra estuvo conformada por 140 adolescentes de ambos sexos entre 10 y 14 años, estudiantes de la ciudad de Vitória/ES. Se midieron el peso corporal y la altura para calcular el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Los adolescentes fueron divididos en grupo de peso normal (GPN) y grupo de exceso de peso (GEP); se realizó un electrocardiograma en reposo y prueba de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar en una caminadora (Inbrasport Super ATL), utilizándose ergoespirómetro MedGraphics Corporation y el protocolo de rampa. El UAV fue identificado por el método de la V-slope y/o equivalente ventilatorio de oxígeno (VE/VO2). Las siguientes variables fueron analizadas en el UAV: consumo de oxígeno (VO2UAV ml.kg-1.min-1), la frecuencia cardíaca (FCUAV lpm), el porcentaje de consumo máximo de oxígeno (%VO2máxUAV) y la frecuencia cardíaca máxima (%FCmáxUAV) y velocidad (VelUAV km/h), y el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx ml.kg-1.min-1) y la frecuencia cardíaca máxima (FCmáx). La prueba t de Student se realizó para las comparaciones entre grupos, considerándose p < 0,05 para la significación estadística. RESULTADOS: El GPN tuvo UAV significativamente mayor para VO2 ml.kg-1.min-1 (20,0 ± 6,4 vs. 15,8 ± 5,7) y velocidad (7,1 ± 0,9 km/h vs. 6,2 ± 1,1 km/h) y el VO2máx (44,6 ± 7,6 vs. 36,0 ± 6,4) en comparación con el GEP. CONCLUSIÓN: Los datos sugieren que los adolescentes ...