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Peritoneal sarcomatosis is a rare malignant disease with a poor prognosis, secondary to peritoneal dissemination of abdominopelvic soft tissue sarcomas. Its rarity, together with the characteristic histological heterogeneity and the historically poor response to systemic treatments, has prevented the establishment of widely accepted treatment criteria with curative intent. In this sense, radical cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with peritonectomy procedures and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), widely used in peritoneal carcinomatosis with excellent results, have not had the same evolutionary development in patients with peritoneal sarcomatosis. A multidisciplinary working group of experts in sarcomas and peritoneal oncological surgery established a series of recommendations based on current scientific evidence for the management of peritoneal sarcomatosis, taking into account the different histological subgroups of abdominopelvic sarcomas that can cause it depending on their origin: retroperitoneal sarcomas, uterine sarcomas, and visceral/peritoneal sarcomas of GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) and non-GIST origin. This article shows the results of sarcoma experts' voting on the recommendations presented during the I Ibero-American Consensus on the Management of Peritoneal Sarcomatosis, which took place during the recent celebration of the III Hispanic-Portuguese Meeting for Updates on the Treatment of Sarcomas.
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BACKGROUND: Skin metastases are an important co-morbidity in melanoma. Despite broad adoption, electrochemotherapy implementation is hindered by a lack of treatment indications, uncertainty regarding procedural aspects, and the absence of quality indicators. An expert consensus may harmonize the approach among centres and facilitate comparison with other therapies. METHODS: An interdisciplinary panel was recruited for a three-round e-Delphi survey. A literature-based 113-item questionnaire was proposed to 160 professionals from 53 European centres. Participants rated each item for relevance and degree of agreement on a five-point Likert scale, and received anonymous controlled feedback to allow revision. The items that reached concordant agreement in two successive iterations were included in the final consensus list. In the third round, quality indicator benchmarks were defined using a real-time Delphi method. RESULTS: The initial working group included 122 respondents, of whom 100 (82 per cent) completed the first round, thus qualifying for inclusion in the expert panel (49 surgeons, 29 dermatologists, 15 medical oncologists, three radiotherapists, two nurse specialists, two clinician scientists). The completion rate was 97 per cent (97 of 100) and 93 per cent (90 of 97) in the second and third rounds respectively. The final consensus list included 54 statements with benchmarks (treatment indications, (37); procedural aspects, (1); quality indicators, (16)). CONCLUSION: An expert panel achieved consensus on the use of electrochemotherapy in melanoma, with a core set of statements providing general direction to electrochemotherapy users to refine indications, align clinical practices, and promote quality assurance programmes and local audits. The residual controversial topics set future research priorities to improve patient care.
Electrochemotherapy is an effective locoregional therapy for skin metastases from melanoma, a problem faced by almost half of patients with metastatic disease. The lack of comparative studies and the heterogeneity of its clinical application among centres make it challenging to support consistent, evidence-based recommendations. To address this unmet need, a three-round online survey was conducted to establish a consensus on treatment indications, standard operating procedures, and quality indicators. In the survey, a panel of 100 European melanoma experts agreed on 56 statements that can be used to improve patient selection, homogenize treatment application, and monitor outcomes.
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Electroquimioterapia , Melanoma , Humanos , Indicadores de Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Consenso , Benchmarking , Técnica DelphiRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a locally aggressive mesenchymal tumor that involves the lymphovascular system, with a tendency to become multifocal. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is considered a valuable treatment option in selected patients with cutaneous and subcutaneous KS lesions. METHODS: We report a retrospective study that included 14 classic and endemic KS patients that underwent ECT sessions for the treatment of KS cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions at our institution. RESULTS: According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria, our patients had an overall response rate (ORR) of 100% to the ECT treatment. A complete response (CR) was obtained in 92.8% of patients after one or more ECT sessions. Only one patient had a progressive disease (PD). The treatment was well tolerated with a low complication rate, mainly transitory local pain or skin ulceration. CONCLUSIONS: ECT represents a locoregional therapy for containment and symptomatic control of classic and endemic KS cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. Further studies including different subtypes of KS patients should also be performed.
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Electroquimioterapia , Sarcoma de Kaposi , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Sarcoma de Kaposi/tratamiento farmacológico , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiología , Electroquimioterapia/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Piel/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiologíaRESUMEN
Teachers can contribute to preventing and solving cyberbullying situations. Therefore, it is relevant to investigate what may influence their involvement and actions concerning this phenomenon. A first study analyze teachers' definitions of cyberbullying, how they would intervene and feel morally implicated with the phenomenon. A second study aimed to investigate the association between teachers' being aware of cyberbullying and their perceived severity, moral disengagement with the phenomenon, perceived performance to solve such situations and their acquired knowledge about cyberbullying. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted in the first study with 25 to 65-year-old teachers. An online inventory was answered in study two by 541 middle and high school teachers (Mage = 50, SD = 7). A thematic analysis from the first study revealed that most teachers did not report repetition of behavior, power imbalance, intentionality to harm, and occurrence among peers as defining features of cyberbullying. Also, strategies they would use to intervene mainly focused on reporting the incident. Moreover, moral disengagement mechanisms were found in teachers' discourse, which contribute to displacing responsibility for intervening and perceiving cyberbullying as less severe. In the second study, path analysis revealed that teachers' awareness of cyberbullying among their students was positively associated with moral disengagement and acquired knowledge of the phenomenon. The mediating role of acquired knowledge of cyberbullying was significant between being aware of cyberbullying and teachers' perceived severity of the situation, moral disengagement, and perceived performance to solve these situations. These findings highlight the relevance of developing cyberbullying training actions involving teachers.
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Ciberacoso , Adolescente , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano , Principios Morales , Maestros , Emociones , ConocimientoRESUMEN
Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles (BUB1) contributes to multiple mitotic processes. Here, we describe the first two patients with biallelic BUB1 germline mutations, who both display microcephaly, intellectual disability, and several patient-specific features. The identified mutations cause variable degrees of reduced total protein level and kinase activity, leading to distinct mitotic defects. Both patients' cells show prolonged mitosis duration, chromosome segregation errors, and an overall functional spindle assembly checkpoint. However, while BUB1 levels mostly affect BUBR1 kinetochore recruitment, impaired kinase activity prohibits centromeric recruitment of Aurora B, SGO1, and TOP2A, correlating with anaphase bridges, aneuploidy, and defective sister chromatid cohesion. We do not observe accelerated cohesion fatigue. We hypothesize that unresolved DNA catenanes increase cohesion strength, with concomitant increase in anaphase bridges. In conclusion, BUB1 mutations cause a neurodevelopmental disorder, with clinical and cellular phenotypes that partially resemble previously described syndromes, including autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, mosaic variegated aneuploidy, and cohesinopathies.
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Segregación Cromosómica , Microcefalia , Aneuploidia , Segregación Cromosómica/genética , Humanos , Microcefalia/genética , Mutación , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Teachers can contribute to preventing and solving cyberbullying situations. Therefore, it is relevant to investigate what may influence their involvement and actions concerning this phenomenon. A first study analyze teachers definitions of cyberbullying, how they would intervene and feel morally implicated with the phenomenon. A second study aimed to investigate the association between teachers being aware of cyberbullying and their perceived severity, moral disengagement with the phenomenon, perceived performance to solve such situations and their acquired knowledge about cyberbullying. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted in the first study with 25 to 65-year-old teachers. An online inventory was answered in study two by 541 middle and high school teachers (Mage = 50, SD = 7). A thematic analysis from the first study revealed that most teachers did not report repetition of behavior, power imbalance, intentionality to harm, and occurrence among peers as defining features of cyberbullying. Also, strategies they would use to intervene mainly focused on reporting the incident. Moreover, moral disengagement mechanisms were found in teachers discourse, which contribute to displacing responsibility for intervening and perceiving cyberbullying as less severe. In the second study, path analysis revealed that teachers awareness of cyberbullying among their students was positively associated with moral disengagement and acquired knowledge of the phenomenon. The mediating role of acquired knowledge of cyberbullying was significant between being aware of cyberbullying and teachers perceived severity of the situation, moral disengagement, and perceived performance to solve these situations. These findings highlight the relevance of developing cyberbullying training actions involving teachers. (AU)
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Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Emociones , Maestros/psicología , Principios Morales , Ciberacoso/psicologíaRESUMEN
Anorectal malignant melanoma (AMM) is a rare malignant tumor. Surgery remains the gold standard but new adjuvant treatments to allow local sphincter-saving are warranted. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an alternative to surgery in selected cohorts of patients. To evaluate safety and efficacy of ECT in a retrospective series of patients with primary or recurrent AMM in terms of local disease control, local progression free and overall survival. Seven primary and one recurrent AMM underwent ECT. Patients were followed at 1 and 2 months and at the longest available follow-up with clinical examination and/or ultrasound. One month after ECT 6/8 (75%) patients showed complete response, 1/8 partial response (12.5%) and 1/8 stable disease (12.5%), confirmed at 2 months. Bleeding stopped in all patients, and pain was absent or mild/moderate in all patients. No serious adverse events were observed. At 1 year of follow-up seven out of eight patients were alive (87.5%), four were disease-free and three were alive with disease. At the longest available follow-up (mean 4.9 ± 2.0 years) five out of eight (62.5%) of patients were still alive. Our study showed that ECT is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of patients with anal melanoma with good local control of disease.
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Neoplasias del Ano/tratamiento farmacológico , Electroquimioterapia/métodos , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Recto/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias del Ano/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with cutaneous metastases may cause pain, ulceration, and bleeding. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a minimally invasive treatment of tumors located in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The electric pulses potentiate the toxicity of cytostatic agents entering the tumor cell. It is highly effective especially to relieve pain and improve the quality of life. The adverse events are local and transient. A case of progressive metastatic PTC who developed bleeding cutaneous metastases treated with ECT is described.
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Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a rare group of diseases caused by genetic variants in skin structural proteins. EB is characterized by varying degrees of skin fragility, blisters and impaired wound healing, and is classified based on the ultrastructural levels of skin cleavage-simplex, junctional, dystrophic, and Kindler Syndrome. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most severe complication and most common cause of death of patients with EB, particularly in those with recessive dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (RDEB). To date, the first line of treatment of SCC in patients with RDEB is surgery, despite the high risk of recurrence. Radiotherapy and systemic therapy have been avoided due to its skin toxicity. Recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has been proposed as a potential treatment. We report eight sessions of ECT using bleomycin for treatment of SCC in five patients with EB. After 8 weeks all patients showed an objective response. Four patients (seven ECT sessions) had a complete response. The treatment was well tolerated, with mild adverse effects, such as local pain, erythema, and ulceration. Our results demonstrate that ECT is a potential treatment for SCC in patients with RDEB.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Electroquimioterapia , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica , Epidermólisis Ampollosa , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/complicaciones , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/diagnóstico , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/genética , Humanos , Recurrencia Local de NeoplasiaRESUMEN
Sister chromatid cohesion mediated by cohesin is essential for mitotic fidelity. It counteracts spindle forces to prevent premature chromatid individualization and random genome segregation. However, it is unclear what effects a partial decline of cohesin may have on chromosome organization. In this study, we provide a quantitative analysis of cohesin decay by inducing acute removal of defined amounts of cohesin from metaphase-arrested chromosomes. We demonstrate that sister chromatid cohesion is very resistant to cohesin loss as chromatid disjunction is only observed when chromosomes lose >80% of bound cohesin. Removal close to this threshold leads to chromosomes that are still cohered but display compromised chromosome alignment and unstable spindle attachments. Partial cohesin decay leads to increased duration of mitosis and susceptibility to errors in chromosome segregation. We propose that high cohesin density ensures centromeric chromatin rigidity necessary to maintain a force balance with the mitotic spindle. Partial cohesin loss may lead to chromosome segregation errors even when sister chromatid cohesion is fulfilled.
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Cromátides/metabolismo , Segregación Cromosómica/fisiología , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Mitosis/fisiología , Proteolisis , Animales , Centrómero/genética , Centrómero/metabolismo , Cromátides/genética , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila melanogaster , Huso Acromático/genética , Huso Acromático/metabolismoRESUMEN
Asymmetric cell divisions depend on the precise placement of the spindle apparatus. In mammalian oocytes, spindles assemble close to the cell's center, but chromosome segregation takes place at the cell periphery where half of the chromosomes are expelled into small, nondeveloping polar bodies at anaphase. By dividing so asymmetrically, most of the cytoplasmic content within the oocyte is preserved, which is critical for successful fertilization and early development. Recently we determined that the nucleoporin ALADIN participates in spindle assembly in somatic cells, and we have also shown that female mice homozygously null for ALADIN are sterile. In this study we show that this protein is involved in specific meiotic stages, including meiotic resumption, spindle assembly, and spindle positioning. In the absence of ALADIN, polar body extrusion is compromised due to problems in spindle orientation and anchoring at the first meiotic anaphase. ALADIN null oocytes that mature far enough to be fertilized in vitro are unable to support embryonic development beyond the two-cell stage. Overall, we find that ALADIN is critical for oocyte maturation and appears to be far more essential for this process than for somatic cell divisions.
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Fertilidad/fisiología , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Proteínas de Complejo Poro Nuclear/metabolismo , Oocitos/fisiología , Animales , División Celular Asimétrica/genética , Segregación Cromosómica/fisiología , Citoplasma/fisiología , Femenino , Meiosis/fisiología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Ratones Transgénicos , Oocitos/metabolismo , Cuerpos Polares/metabolismo , Embarazo , Polos del Huso/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Centrally inserted central catheter (CICC) insertion is a commonly performed procedure that may give rise to different complications. Despite the suggestion of guidelines to use ultrasound guidance (USG) for vascular access, not all centers use it systematically. The aim of this study is to illustrate the experience with ultrasound in CICC placement at a high-volume oncological center, in a country where the landmark technique is standard. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a prospective database was performed on CICC placement under USG in the Central Venous Catheter Unit of Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, from 2012 to 2015. RESULTS: Three thousand five hundred and seventy-two procedures were recorded. From 2728 CICC placements, 1187 (43.5%) were done using USG. The majority of CICC placements were successful without immediate complications (96.1%). In 55 cases (4.6%), more than three attempts were necessary to puncture the vein. Pneumothorax occurred in 5 cases (0.4%) and arterial puncture was registered in 41 cases (3.5%). An increasing use of USG for placing CICCs was planned and observed over the years and, in the last year of the study, 67.3% of the CICC placements were with USG. CONCLUSIONS: CICC placement with USG is a safe and effective technique. Despite some resistance that is observed, these results support that it is worth following the guidelines that advocate the use of the USG in the placement of CICC.
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Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/normas , Oncología Médica/normas , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto/normas , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/normas , Adulto , Anciano , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efectos adversos , Competencia Clínica , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Portugal , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
PHD1 (also known as EGLN2) belongs to a family of prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) that are involved in the control of the cellular response to hypoxia. PHD1 is also able to regulate mitotic progression through the regulation of the crucial centrosomal protein Cep192, establishing a link between the oxygen-sensing and the cell cycle machinery. Here, we demonstrate that PHD1 is phosphorylated by CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 at S130. This phosphorylation fluctuates with the cell cycle and can be induced through oncogenic activation. Functionally, PHD1 phosphorylation leads to increased induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) protein levels and activity during hypoxia. PHD1 phosphorylation does not alter its intrinsic enzymatic activity, but instead decreases the interaction between PHD1 and HIF1α. Interestingly, although phosphorylation of PHD1 at S130 lowers its activity towards HIF1α, this modification increases the activity of PHD1 towards Cep192. These results establish a mechanism by which cell cycle mediators, such as CDKs, temporally control the activity of PHD1, directly altering the regulation of HIF1α and Cep192.
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Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes/metabolismo , Prolina Dioxigenasas del Factor Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Fosfoserina/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Hipoxia de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Semivida , Humanos , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Prolina Dioxigenasas del Factor Inducible por Hipoxia/química , Interfase/efectos de los fármacos , Mitógenos/farmacología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oncogenes , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Especificidad por Sustrato/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The formation of the mitotic spindle is a complex process that requires massive cellular reorganization. Regulation by mitotic kinases controls this entire process. One of these mitotic controllers is Aurora A kinase, which is itself highly regulated. In this study, we show that the nuclear pore protein ALADIN is a novel spatial regulator of Aurora A. Without ALADIN, Aurora A spreads from centrosomes onto spindle microtubules, which affects the distribution of a subset of microtubule regulators and slows spindle assembly and chromosome alignment. ALADIN interacts with inactive Aurora A and is recruited to the spindle pole after Aurora A inhibition. Of interest, mutations in ALADIN cause triple A syndrome. We find that some of the mitotic phenotypes that we observe after ALADIN depletion also occur in cells from triple A syndrome patients, which raises the possibility that mitotic errors may underlie part of the etiology of this syndrome.
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Aurora Quinasa A/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Proteínas de Complejo Poro Nuclear/metabolismo , Huso Acromático/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Suprarrenal/enzimología , Insuficiencia Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Animales , Ciclo Celular/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , Drosophila melanogaster , Acalasia del Esófago/enzimología , Acalasia del Esófago/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Mitosis/fisiología , Unión ProteicaRESUMEN
Centrosomes and cilia are critical eukaryotic organelles which have been in the spotlight in recent years given their implication in a myriad of cellular and developmental processes. Despite their recognized importance and intense study, there are still many open questions about their biogenesis and function. In the present article, we review the existing data concerning members of the tubulin folding pathway and related proteins, which have been identified at centrosomes and cilia and were shown to have unexpected roles in these structures.