Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Spinal Cord Lesion-related Coping Strategies Questionnaire (SCL CSQ-S).

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional validation study. OBJECTIVES: To adapt the Spinal Cord Lesion-related Coping Strategies Questionnaire into the Spanish language (SCL CSQ-S) and to examine the relationship between coping strategies, global quality of life and psychological adaptation. SETTING: Data were collected through individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) now living in the community who completed their routine follow-up assessment at the Institute Guttmann in Barcelona, Spain. METHODS: Forward and backward translation into Spanish of the English version of the questionnaire. Questionnaires of global Quality of Life, Community Integration, Coping, Depression, Anxiety and Functional Independence were administered to 349 adults with paraplegia and 162 adults with tetraplegia. Statistical analysis included confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis. RESULTS: The factorial structure of the questionnaire was partly verified. The original correlated, three-factor model sufficiently fit the data obtained in this study: χ(2)(48)=109.46; P<0.001; Comparative Fit Index=0.96; Tucker-Lewis Index=0.96; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.050 (0.038-0.062); Akaike information criterion=13.46. Items were found to be good indicators of their respective latent factors, showing adequate factorial charge ranges (between 0.41 and 0.75). The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's α) for the Acceptance subscale was 0.74, for Social reliance 0.76 and for Fighting spirit 0.69. Coping strategies as measured by SCL-CSQ-S contributed to the prediction of outcomes related to adaptation to disability. CONCLUSION: The results of the study show some evidence for the robustness of the structure of SCL CSQ-S and show that the Spanish version of the questionnaire largely replicate previous results. Coping strategies, especially Acceptance, are related to adaptation to injury.

Efecto del deporte en el bienestar psicológico de las personas con gran discapacidad física de origen neurológico / Effect of sports in psychological well-being of persons with severe physical disability of neurological origin

La discapacidad física de origen neurológico produce una importante limitación funcional y afectación psicológica que se manifiesta en un menor bienestar personal. La actividad física rehabilitadora y la práctica deportiva forman parte del proceso rehabilitador, pero su efecto en el bienestar no ha sido bien valorado. Objetivo. Este estudio se ha centrado en analizar la relación entre el bienestar psicológico y el tipo de práctica deportiva en personas con discapacidad física de origen neurológico. Sujetos y métodos. Se evaluó el bienestar psicológico de un total de 160 personas con discapacidad mediante el Índice de Bienestar Psicológico (IBP), categorizados en 4 grupos en relación con la práctica de actividad física: rehabilitación, deporte recreación, deporte competición y sedentarios. Resultados. Los resultados muestran que los participantes del grupo de sedentarios presentan significativamente un menor bienestar psicológico para todas las dimensiones del IBP, excepto para la dimensión de bienestar, que el resto de grupos. Por otro lado, los participantes del grupo de deporte de competición presentan valores superiores en las dimensiones de autocontrol y de salud general. Conclusiones. La práctica de actividad deportiva, especialmente competitiva repercute en un mayor bienestar psicológico en personas con gran discapacidad (AU)

Introduction. Severe physical disability having a neurological origin causes significant functional limitation and psychological effects. This is manifested in less personal well-being. Rehabilitative physical activity and practicing sports form a part of the rehabilitation process. However, their effect on well-being has not been positively valued. Objective. This study has focused on the analysis of the relationship between psychological well-being and the type of sport practiced in persons having neurological-based physical disabilities. Subjects and methods. Psychological well-being of 160 disabled persons was assessed using the Psychological Well-Being Index (PWBI). They were categorized into four groups in relation to the practice of physical activity: rehabilitation, sports recreation, sports competition and sedentary activities. Results. The results show that participants in the sedentary group had significantly lower psychological well-being for all the PWBI dimensions than the other groups, except for the welfare dimension. On the other hand, the participants in competitive sports had higher values in self-control and general health dimensions. Conclusions. The practice of sports, especially competitive ones, has an impact on greater psychological well-being in people with severe disabilities (AU)

Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del Internet Addiction Test / Analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Internet Addiction Test

Objetivo. El Internet Addiction Test (IAT) ha sido adaptado a diferentes lenguas, convirtiéndose en uno de los cuestionarios más empleados para la evaluación de los síntomas de la adicción a Internet. Sin embargo, la versión en lengua española carece de estudios psicométricos en aplicaciones online. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las características psicométricas de la versión en lengua española del IAT. Material y método. 1.117 usuarios de Internet de nacionalidad colombiana completaron online el cuestionario de datos demográficos y uso de Internet y el IAT. La fiabilidad fue establecida con el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach y para analizar la estructura del test se aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados. Los resultados muestran una alta consistencia interna del test. Se extrajeron tres factores (consecuencias por el uso de Internet, dimensión cognitiva-emocional y control del tiempo) que correlacionaron positivamente con las horas de acceso diario a la red y negativamente con la edad. Conclusiones. La versión en lengua española del IAT ha demostrado una alta fi abilidad, es un instrumento adecuado para evaluar el impacto del uso de Internet en las interacciones sociales y la influencia del uso de Internet en la vida diaria. Se recomienda seguir investigando las dimensiones subyacentes del test (AU)

Objective. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) has been adapted to different languages, becoming one of the most used questionnaires to assess symptoms of Internet addiction. However, the Spanish language version lacks psychometric studies online applications. The aim of the study was to analyze the psychometric characteristics of the Spanish language version of the IAT. Material and method. 1117 users online Colombian national questionnaire completed demographic and Internet use and the IAT. Reliability was established with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and to analyze the structure of the test was applied exploratory factor analysis. Results. The results showed a high internal consistency of the test. Three factors were extracted (consequences of Internet use, cognitive-emotional dimension and time control) that correlated positively with hours of daily access to the network and negatively with age. Conclusion. The spanish language version of the IAT has demonstrated high reliability and is an appropriate instrument to assess the impact of Internet use on social interactions and the influence of Internet use in daily life. Further research is recommended to test the underlying dimensions (AU)

[Psychosocial correlates of the adherence to antirretroviral treatment of men in Penitentiary Center of Barcelona]. / Correlatos psicosociales de la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral en el Centro Penitenciario de hombres de Barcelona.

OBJECTIVE: to assess therapeutic adherence to HAART amongst HIV positive inmates and its likely relationship with sets of different variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: longitudinal study carried out at the Men's Prison of Barcelona (Centro Penitenciario de Hombres de Barcelona). The prison data base, a semi-structured interview assessing socio-penal, demographic and clinical variables as well as treatment characteristics, and questionnaires on beliefs and emotional states were used. Adherence at the beginning of the study, and then after three and six months was also assessed. RESULTS: inmates presented with low levels of social support, and showed moderate agreement regarding care received from medical and health personnel. They considered the level of treatment complexity to be high and gave moderate relevance to treatment side effects. They presented high agreement with the potential benefits of continuing with the treatment and showed moderate perception of the severity of the illness. They also showed high levels of self efficacy where treatment monitoring was concerned. The emotional variables showed low blood pressure, depression, anger and fatigue. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment did not vary throughout the study period. Socio-cognitive variables that correlated with adherence at different times of the study were self efficacy, perceived benefits, treatment complexity and side effects. Emotional states that correlated with adherence were depression and fatigue. DISCUSSION: the relationship between self efficacy and adherence is frequently mentioned in studies on the prediction of HAART adherence. The relationship between the two factors of fatigue and sadness/depression and adherence was expected.

Correlatos psicosociales de la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral en el Centro Penitenciario de hombres de Barcelona / Psychosocial correlates of the adherence to antirretroviral treatment of men in penitentiary center of Barcelona

Objetivo: Evaluar la adhesión terapéutica al TARGA de los pacientes reclusos con VIH y su relación con diferentes tiposde variables. Material y Método: Estudio longitudinal, realizado en el Centro Penitenciario de Hombres de Barcelona.Se utilizaron las bases de datos del centro, una entrevista semiestructurada, que valoraba variables sociodemográficas,penales/penitenciarias, clínicas y características del tratamiento, así como cuestionarios sobre creencias y estados emocionales.También se evaluó la adhesión al inicio del estudio, a los tres y a los seis meses.Resultados: Los internos presentaron un bajo apoyo social; un acuerdo medio respecto de los cuidados recibidos por elpersonal médico y sanitario; consideraron la complejidad del tratamiento como alta y concedieron una moderada relevanciaa los efectos secundarios; presentaron un elevado acuerdo respecto a los beneficios que les podían reportar seguir el tratamiento,una percepción moderada sobre la severidad de la enfermedad y manifestaron una elevada autoeficacia en el seguimientodel tratamiento. Respecto a las variables emocionales mostraron una baja tensión, depresión, cólera y fatiga. La adhesióna los antirretrovirales desde el inicio al final del estudio no ha variado a lo largo del estudio. Las variables socio-cognitivasque correlacionaron con la adhesión en los diferentes momentos del estudio son la autoeficacia, los beneficiospercibidos, la complejidad del tratamiento y los efectos secundarios. Los estados emocionales que correlacionaban con la adhesióneran la depresión y la fatiga. Discusión: La relación entre autoeficacia y adhesión es un resultado repetido en los estudiossobre la predicción de la adhesión al TARGA. Las relaciones de la fatiga y de la tristeza/depresión con la adhesiónson del tipo esperado (AU)

Objective: to assess therapeutic adherence to HAART amongst HIV positive inmates and its likely relationship with setsof different variables.Materials and Methods: longitudinal study carried out at the Men’s Prison of Barcelona (Centro Penitenciario de Hombresde Barcelona). The prison data base, a semi-structured interview assessing socio-penal, demographic and clinical variablesas well as treatment characteristics, and questionnaires on beliefs and emotional states were used. Adherence at the beginningof the study, and then after three and six months was also assessed.Results: inmates presented with low levels of social support, and showed moderate agreement regarding care receivedfrom medical and health personnel. They considered the level of treatment complexity to be high and gave moderate relevanceto treatment side effects. They presented high agreement with the potential benefits of continuing with the treatmentand showed moderate perception of the severity of the illness. They also showed high levels of self efficacy where treatmentmonitoring was concerned. The emotional variables showed low blood pressure, depression, anger and fatigue. Adherence24 to antiretroviral treatment did not vary throughout the study period. Socio-cognitive variables that correlated with adherenceat different times of the study were self efficacy, perceived benefits, treatment complexity and side effects. Emotionalstates that correlated with adherence were depression and fatigue.Discussion: the relationship between self efficacy and adherence is frequently mentioned in studies on the prediction ofHAART adherence. The relationship between the two factors of fatigue and sadness/depression and adherence was expected (AU)

Correlatos psicosociales de la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral en el Centro Penitenciariode hombres de Barcelona / Psychosocial correlates of the adherence to antirretroviral treatment of men in penitentiary center of Barcelona

Objetivo: Evaluar la adhesión terapéutica al TARGA de los pacientes reclusos con VIH y su relación con diferentes tiposde variables. Material y Método: Estudio longitudinal, realizado en el Centro Penitenciario de Hombres de Barcelona.Se utilizaron las bases de datos del centro, una entrevista semiestructurada, que valoraba variables sociodemográficas,penales/penitenciarias, clínicas y características del tratamiento, así como cuestionarios sobre creencias y estados emocionales.También se evaluó la adhesión al inicio del estudio, a los tres y a los seis meses.Resultados: Los internos presentaron un bajo apoyo social; un acuerdo medio respecto de los cuidados recibidos por elpersonal médico y sanitario; consideraron la complejidad del tratamiento como alta y concedieron una moderada relevanciaa los efectos secundarios; presentaron un elevado acuerdo respecto a los beneficios que les podían reportar seguir el tratamiento,una percepción moderada sobre la severidad de la enfermedad y manifestaron una elevada autoeficacia en el seguimientodel tratamiento. Respecto a las variables emocionales mostraron una baja tensión, depresión, cólera y fatiga. La adhesióna los antirretrovirales desde el inicio al final del estudio no ha variado a lo largo del estudio. Las variables socio-cognitivasque correlacionaron con la adhesión en los diferentes momentos del estudio son la autoeficacia, los beneficiospercibidos, la complejidad del tratamiento y los efectos secundarios. Los estados emocionales que correlacionaban con la adhesióneran la depresión y la fatiga. Discusión: La relación entre autoeficacia y adhesión es un resultado repetido en los estudiossobre la predicción de la adhesión al TARGA. Las relaciones de la fatiga y de la tristeza/depresión con la adhesiónson del tipo esperado (AU)

Objective: to assess therapeutic adherence to HAART amongst HIV positive inmates and its likely relationship with setsof different variables.Materials and Methods: longitudinal study carried out at the Men’s Prison of Barcelona (Centro Penitenciario de Hombresde Barcelona). The prison data base, a semi-structured interview assessing socio-penal, demographic and clinical variablesas well as treatment characteristics, and questionnaires on beliefs and emotional states were used. Adherence at the beginningof the study, and then after three and six months was also assessed.Results: inmates presented with low levels of social support, and showed moderate agreement regarding care receivedfrom medical and health personnel. They considered the level of treatment complexity to be high and gave moderate relevanceto treatment side effects. They presented high agreement with the potential benefits of continuing with the treatmentand showed moderate perception of the severity of the illness. They also showed high levels of self efficacy where treatmentmonitoring was concerned. The emotional variables showed low blood pressure, depression, anger and fatigue. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment did not vary throughout the study period. Socio-cognitive variables that correlated with adherenceat different times of the study were self efficacy, perceived benefits, treatment complexity and side effects. Emotionalstates that correlated with adherence were depression and fatigue.Discussion: the relationship between self efficacy and adherence is frequently mentioned in studies on the prediction ofHAART adherence. The relationship between the two factors of fatigue and sadness/depression and adherence was expected (AU)

Evaluación de la inteligencia emocional en pacientes con Psicopatologia: resultados preliminares usando TMMS-24 y el MSCEIT / Evaluation of emotional intelligence in patients with psychopathology: preliminary results using the TMMS-24 and the MSCEIT

Se presentan unos resultados preliminares respecto a la conveniencia del empleo de diferentes instrumentos para evaluar la Intelegencia Emocional (IE) en población psicopatología. Método. 62 pacients con agorafobia, distimia o adicción a cocaína fueron evaluados con un cuestionario de autoinforme para la IE Percibida, el TMMS-24 y con un instrumento de ejecución, e MSCEIT. Resultados: La puntuaciones de los grupos en ambas escalas se situaban en la nrmalidad o por debajo. Mientras ninguno de los subfactores de TMMS-24 discriinaba entre los grupos clínicos, varios subfactores y la escala todatal del MSCEIT lo hacía de for a significativa, presentando el grupo de los distímicos la IE más baja de los tres grupos. Las correlaciones entre las subescalas de los dos instrumentos no fueron significativas a excepcion de una. Discusión. Los resultados indican que los dos instrumentos iden aspectos diferentes de la inteligenica eocional: además se sugiere que parece más adecuado el uso del MSCEIT con población clínica(AU)

This study presents some preliminayr results concerning the convenience of the use of different instruments to assess Emotional Intelligence (IE) in subjects with psychological disorder. Method: 62 patients with ether agoraphobia, or cocaine addiction, or disthymia were administered a self-report questionnaire of Perceived Emotional Intelligence, the TMMS-24, and an execution test of El, the MSCEIT. Results: The scores of the three groups in both instruetns were situated in the normal range r below. None o the three subfactors of the TMMS.-24 but various subfactors of the MSCEIT as well as the total scale discrimanated between the clinical groups; the disthymia group presented the lowest IE scores. Correlations between the two instruments were non significant, except for one. Discussion: Results indicate that the two instruments assess different aspects of EL; they also suggest that the use of the MSCEIT sees to be more adequate when dealing with clnical population(AU)

Efectividad de un programa de intervención psicosocial en pacientes psicóticos crónicos / Efectiveness of a psychosocial intervention program in chronic psychotic patients

Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de un programa de Intervención Psicosocial (IP) sobre la reducción de recaídas y el aumento de la calidad de vida de un grupo de pacientes psicóticos crónicos. Diseño: Cuasiexperimental, a simple ciego, con dos grupos apareados. Método: Se incluyerion 40 pacientes que presentaban un trastorno psicótico. Veinte pacientes aceptaron participar en la IP (GT), siendo apareados con 20 pacientes que no recibieron la intervención (GC). En la IP, se abordaron tres niveles: grupal, individual y familiar. Se evaluó la calidad de vida mediante el cuestionario QLS (Heinrichs, Hanlon, Carpenter, 1984) y con las escalas de Andrews y Withey (1976) antes de iniciar el programa de intervención y al cabo de 1 año. Resultados: El programa de IP ha demostrado su efectividad en una reducción de la duración de los ingresos psiquiátricos (p=0,000; X2), una mejoría significativa de la calidad de vida subjetiva (p=0,05, Fisher) y en las relaciones interpersonales (p=0,07; Fisher)

Objective. To determine the efectiveness of a Psychosocial Intervention (PI) program in order to achieve a reduction in relapse rates and an increase in quality of life in a group of chronic psychotic patients. Design: Quasi-experimental, single-blind study, with two matched groups. Methods: The sample consisted of 40 patients with a psychotic disorder. Twenty patients agreed to participate inthe PI (TG), being matched with 20 patients who did not receive the intervention and made up the comparison group (cg). PI program was developed at three levels: individual, group and family. Quality of life was assessed through the QLS questionnaire (Heinrichs, Hanlon, Carpenter, 1984) and the scales designed by Andrews and Withey (1976) both before the begining of the intervention program and one year after. Results: The reduction of the admission duration (p=0,000; X2), a perceived improvement both in quality of life (p=0,05; Fisher) and in interpersonal relationships (p=0,07; Fisher) proved the effectiveness of the PI program