Does Passion mediate the Effectof Character Strengths on the Resilience of Athletes? / ¿Media la pasión los efectos delas fortalezasdel carácter en la resiliencia de atletas apasionados? / A paixão medeia os efeitos das forças de caráter sobre a resiliência de atletas apaixonados?

This study investigates (a) the relationship between character strengths, passion and resilience in athletes in a sample of Spanish passionate athletes (elite, federated and recreational), and (b) if passion for sport mediates the relationship between character strengths and resilience. Using a cross-sectional design, participants (N = 480)completed measures of character strengths, passion, and resilience. Both Principal Components and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were conducted with character strengths, and five factors were extracted. All character strengths factors related positively to resilience. Harmonious passion (but not obsessive passion) partially mediated the relationship between all character strengths factors and resilience. Strengths and limitations of the study, as well as its implications are discussed. (AU)

Este estudio investiga (a) la relación entre las fortalezas del carácter, la pasión y la resiliencia de una muestra de atletas apasionados españoles (élite, federados y recreativos), y (b) si la pasión por el deporte media la relación entre las fortalezas del carácter y la resiliencia. Mediante un diseño transversal, los participantes (N = 480) completaron medidas de fortalezas del carácter, pasión y resiliencia. Se llevaron a cabo un análisis de componentes principales y un análisis factorial confirmatoriocon las fortalezas de carácter y se extrajeron cinco factores. Todos los factores de fortalezas del carácter se relacionaron positivamente con la resiliencia. La pasión armoniosa (pero no la pasión obsesiva) medió parcialmente la relación entre todos los factores de fortalezas del carácter y la resistencia. Finalmente, se discuten las fortalezas y limitaciones del estudio, así como sus implicaciones. (AU)

Este estudo investiga (a)a relação entre forças de caráter, paixão e resiliência de uma amostra de atletas espanhóis apaixonados (elite, federados e recreativos), e (b) se a paixão pelo esporte medeia a relação entre forças de caráter e resiliência. Usando um desenho transversal,os participantes (N = 480) completaram medidas de força de caráter, paixão e resiliência. Uma análise de componentes principais e uma análise fatorial confirmatória foram realizadas com forças de caráter e cinco fatores foram extraídos. Todos os fatores de força de caráter foram positivamente relacionados à resiliência. A paixão harmoniosa (mas não a paixão obsessiva) media parcialmente a relação entre todos os pontos fortes dos fatores de caráter e a resistência. Por fim, são discutidos os pontos fortes eas limitações do estudo, bem como suas implicações. (AU)

Walking speed as a predictor of community mobility and quality of life after stroke.

Background: Community mobility (CM) is considered a part of community reintegration that enhances Quality of Life (QoL). Achieving an appropriate gait speed is essential in attaining an independent outdoor ambulation and satisfactory CM. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify whether gait speed is a predictor of CM and QoL in patients with stroke following a multimodal rehabilitation program (MRP). Methods: This was a baseline control trial with 6-months follow-up in an outpatient rehabilitation setting at a university hospital. Twenty-six stroke survivors completed the MRP (24 sessions, 2 days/wk, 1 hr/session). The MRP consisted of aerobic exercise, task-oriented exercises, balance exercises and stretching. Participants also performed an ambulation program at home. Outcome variables were: walking speed (10-m walking test) and QoL (physical and psychosocial domains of Euroquol and Sickness Impact Profile). Results: At the end of the intervention, comfortable and fast walking speed increased by an average of 0.16 (SD 0.21) (*p < .05) and 0.40 (SD 0.51) (**p < .001) m/s, respectively. After the intervention, all participants achieved independent outdoor ambulation with an increase of 34.14 of walking minutes/day in the community and a decrease of sitting time of 95.45 minutes/day. Regarding QoL there were increased mean scores on the physical and psychosocial dimensions of Euroquol and the Sickness Impact Profile, respectively (**p < .001). Conclusions: The results suggest that improved walking speed after the MRP is associated with CM and higher scores in QoL. These findings support the need to implement rehabilitation programs to promote increased speed.

Efectividad de un programa de rehabilitación basado en ejercicio multimodal de intensidad moderada-baja para supervivientes de ictus / Effectiveness of a multimodal low-moderate intensity exercise rehabilitation program for stroke survivors

Introducción: la cantidad de personas que sobreviven a un accidente cerebrovascular aumenta cada año. Las personas con ictus sufren déficits neurológicos y un desacondicionamiento físico que compromete la capacidad para caminar, las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CdVRS). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos de un programa de rehabilitación multimodal de 12 semanas de duración, basado en ejercicios de intensidad baja- moderada, en la velocidad de deambulación, la resistencia al caminar y la adherencia a la actividad física. Material y métodos: estudio observacional de medidas repetidas. La intervención consistió en 24 sesiones de 1 hora de duración dos días alternos por semana. Se reclutó un total de 31 participantes que se evaluaron al inicio, después de la intervención y a los seis meses. Resultados: veinticinco participantes completaron el programa de rehabilitación. Al final de la intervención se detectaron mejoras significativas de la velocidad de deambulación (10MWT p≤0.004*), resistencia al caminar (6MWT p≤0.000**) y adherencia (minutos de caminata/día p≤0.000**). Estos resultados se mantuvieron a los seis meses. Los participantes manifestaron una satisfacción general con el programa de rehabilitación del 94% en relación a los siguientes ítems: condición física, capacidad para caminar, equilibrio, expectativas cumplidas, satisfacción con el programa, satisfacción con la autoeficacia, estrategias aprendidas para mejorar la calidad de vida, momento adecuado para participar en el programa y lo recomendarían a terceras personas. Conclusiones: Promover la actividad física de intensidad baja-moderada puede ser una estrategia de rehabilitación interesante para los supervivientes de ictus

Introduction: The amount of people who survive a stroke is increasing annually. Persons with stroke suffer neurological deficits and a physical deconditioning that compromise walking ability, basic activities of daily living and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a 12-week multimodal low-moderate intensity exercise rehabilitation program on walking speed, walking endurance and adherence to physical activity. Material and methods: An observational repeated-measures design was used. The intervention consisted of 24 sessions of 1 hour per session two alternative days a week. A total of 31 participants were recruited and were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention and at six months follow up. Results: Twenty-five participants completed the rehabilitation program. Significant improvements were found at the end of the intervention and those were maintained at six months on walking speed (10MWT *p≤0.004), walking endurance (6MWT **p≤0.000) and adherence (walking min/day **p≤0.000). Participants reported an overall satisfaction with the rehabilitation program of 94%: fitness, walking capacity, balance, accomplished expectations, satisfaction with the rehabilitation program, satisfaction with self-efficacy, learned strategies to improve QoL, adequate timing and would recommend the low-moderate intensity exercise rehabilitation program. Conclusions: Promoting low-moderate intensity physical activity may be an interesting rehabilitation strategy for stroke survivors

Evaluando la salud laboral de los docentes de centros concertados: el Cuestionario de Salud Docente / Assessing work health of subsidised state school teachers: Teachers’ Health Questionnaire

El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Salud Docente (CSD) en una muestra de 6.208 docentes en activo de centros concertados de Cataluña. El análisis factorial exploratorio dio lugar a seis factores: agotamiento, afectaciones de la voz, afectaciones músculo-esqueléticas, afectaciones cognitivas, satisfacción y autoeficacia. El análisis factorial confirmatorio confirma esta estructura. Todos los factores muestran unos índices de fiabilidad altos. Se concluye que el CSD es un instrumento que posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en la vigilancia de la salud laboral docente y se sugieren pautas para trabajos futuros (AU)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perceived Health Questionnaire for Teachers (CSD) in a sample of 6,208 teachers of subsidised state schools in Catalonia. Exploratory factor analysis sheds light on six factors: exhaustion, voice complaints, musculoskeletal complaints, cognitive complaints, satisfaction, and self-efficacy. Confirmatory factorial analysis results indicate a good fit to the model. All factors have high reliability indices. It is concluded that the CSD shows adequate psychometric properties to contribute to the institutional surveillance of teachers’ health. Guidelines are provided for future research (AU)

Predictores Psicosociales de Delitos contra la Seguridad Vial: Un Estudio con Internos de un Centro Penitenciario / Psychosocial Predictors of Traffic Crimes: A Study with Inmates in a Penitentiary Centre

En el Centro Penitenciario de Hombres de Barcelona ha habido un aumento creciente de ingresos por delitos contra la seguridad vial. El objetivo de esta investigación es obtener un perfil psicológico en una muestra de 115 internos, analizar cuáles son los predictores en la conducción agresiva, y finalmente contrastar la posible existencia de diferentes tipologías, en función de la ausencia o presencia de otros delitos, con o sin componentes agresivos. Los resultados muestran que las causas o estados que causan irritación, los antecedentes familiares de conducción agresiva y la presencia de trastornos psiquiátricos son predictores de la conducta agresiva en la conducción, así como la agresividad física es también un predictor de los accidentes. No hay diferencias en internos que también presentan otras tipologías delictivas (AU)

In the Barcelona Men's Penitentiary Centre, there has been a recent increase in offenders serving time for traffic offences. The objective of this research is to obtain a psychological profile of a sample of 115 inmates, to assess what the predictors of aggressive driving are and, finally, to compare the possible existence of different types, depending on the absence or presence of other offences with or without aggression. The results show that causes of, or states that cause, irritation, as well as a family history of aggressive driving and the presence of psychiatric disorders are all predictors of aggressive driving. They also show that physical aggression is a predictor of accidents. There are no differences in offenders who have committed other types of offence (AU)

Juicios de riesgo en el deporte: una aproximación experimental en excursionistas / Risk judgements in sport: an experimental approach with hikers

La valoración del riesgo en deportes de montaña es determinante para evitar daños. El objetivo del presente trabajo es entender cómo se genera el nivel de preocupación (como medida de percepción de riesgo), a partir de variables del contexto (dificultad del terreno y presión temporal o prisa) y personales (la confianza en uno mismo y el nivel de fatiga). Para ello se diseñaron 16 escenarios de montaña, que combinaban información de las cuatro variables de estudio. Se pidió a los 159 participantes (54% de hombres) el nivel de preocupación que les generaba cada uno de ellos, según un diseño intrasujeto, y controlando el nivel de experiencia. Los resultados indican que, en la determinación del nivel de preocupación, la dificultad y la prisa se combinan interactivamente, y dichas variables como bloque interactúan a su vez con la fatiga por un lado, y con la confianza por el otro. Este estudio nos acerca a las cogniciones asociadas al riesgo en la práctica de deportes y sirve de base para intervenciones preventivas (AU)

Tisk perception among mountain athletes is a determining factor in preventing injuries. The objective of this paper is to understand how the level of concern (as a measure of risk perception) is generated on the basis of variables related to the context (difficulty of terrain and time pressure) and the individuals (self-confidence and fatigue). To do so, 16 mountain-related scenarios were designed that combined information on the four variables in the study. Following an intrasubject design and controlling for experience, a total of 159 participants (54% of whom were men) were asked about the level of concern each scenario produced in them. The results show that difficulty and time pressure combine interactively to determine risk perception and that the variables together interact with self-confidence on one hand and fatigue on the other. This study furthers knowledge of the cognitions associated to risk in sports and serves as the basis for preventive interventions (AU)

Relación entre adherencia al tratamiento, clima familiar y estilos educativos / Adherence to treatment in cystic fibrosis patients and its asociation with family enviroment and parental rearing style

El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar si existe relación entre el clima familiar, los estilos educativos y la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con Fibrosis Quística (FQ). Además, investigar si los diferentes grados de afectación de la FQ influyen en el clima familiar y en los estilos educativos adoptados por los padres. Participantes: 76 pacientes con FQ y sus padres. Las variables evaluadas fueron: el grado de afectación de la FQ, los estilos educativos, el clima familiar y la adherencia al tratamiento. La adherencia al tratamiento fue evaluada a partir de la percepción subjetiva de los pacientes y sus padres y calculada a través de un indicador único construido para el presente estudio. Los resultados indican que no existe relación entre el clima familiar y la adherencia al tratamiento. Sin embargo, la adopción por parte de los padres de estilos educativos más de sobreprotección está relacionada con menores niveles de adherencia. Además, los resultados apuntan que no hay relación entre las variables familiares (clima familiar y estilos educativos) y el grado de afectación de la FQ.(AU)

The main objective of this present study is the investigation about the existence of correlation between the family variables (family environment and parental rearing style) and the adherence in the cystic fibrosis’s treatment by its patients. Another study point is to investigate if the different levels of cystic fibrosis’s affectation have an influence in the family environment and in the parental rearing style chosen by the parents. 76 patients with cystic fibrosis and their parents have taken part of this study. Evaluated variables: level of cystic fibrosis’s affectation, parental rearing style, family environment and the adherence in cystic fibrosis’s treatment. The results indicate that the adherence in cystic fibrosis has no relation with the family environment and show relation with the overprotection subscale. Also, the results show that there is no correlation between family variables and the level of cystic fibrosis’s affectation.(AU)

[Validation of two brief scales for Internet addiction and mobile phone problem use]. / Validación de dos escalas breves para evaluar la adicción a Internet y el abuso de móvil.

This study describes the construction and validation process of two questionnaires designed to assess the addictive use of Internet and mobile phones. The scales were applied to a sample of 1,879 students. Results support a two-factor model, presenting an acceptable internal consistency and indices of convergent and discriminant validity. The Questionnaire of Experiences Related to Internet was found to assess intra- and interpersonal conflicts related to Internet use. The Questionnaire of Experiences Related to the Mobile Phone was found to assess conflicts related to mobile phone abuse and to maladaptive emotional and communicational patterns. Our results indicate that the mobile phone does not produce the same degree of addictive behavior as Internet; it could rather be interpreted as problematic use. Men displayed more addictive use of Internet, whilst women seemed to use the mobile phone as a means for emotional communication. It seems that the use of both technologies is more problematic during adolescence and normalizes with age toward a more professional and less playful use, and with fewer negative consequences.

Validación de dos escalas breves para evaluar la adicción a Internet y el abuso de móvil / Validation of two brief scales for Internet addiction and mobile phone problem use

Se construyeron dos cuestionarios para evaluar el uso adictivo de Internet y del móvil que se aplicaron a una muestra de 1.879 estudiantes. Los resultados apoyan un modelo de dos factores, con una aceptable consistencia interna e indicios de validez convergente y discriminante. El Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con Internet evaluó conflictos intra e interpersonales relacionados con el uso de Internet. El Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con Móvil evaluó dos factores: primero, conflictos relacionados con el abuso del móvil, y segundo, problemas debido al uso emocional y comunicacional.Nuestros resultados indican que el móvil no produce el mismo grado de adicción; más bien se puede hablar de uso problemático. Los hombres presentaron un uso más adictivo de Internet, mientras las mujeres se caracterizaron por usar el móvil como medio para expresar y comunicar las emociones.Parece que el uso de ambas tecnologías es más problemático en la adolescencia y se normaliza con la edad, hacia un uso más profesional, menos lúdico y con menos consecuencias negativas (AU)

This study describes the construction and validation process of two questionnaires designed to assess the addictive use of Internet and mobile phones. The scales were applied to a sample of 1,879 students. Results support a two-factor model, presenting an acceptable internal consistency and indices of convergent and discriminant validity. The Questionnaire of Experiences Related to Internet was found to assess intra- and interpersonal conflicts related to Internet use. The Questionnaire of Experiences Related to the Mobile Phone was found to assess conflicts related to mobile phone abuse and to maladaptive emotional and communicational patterns. Our results indicate that the mobile phone does not produce the same degree of addictive behavior as Internet; it could rather be interpreted as problematic use.Men displayed more addictive use of Internet, whilst women seemed to use the mobile phone as a means for emotional communication. It seems that the use of both technologies is more problematic during adolescence and normalizes with age toward a more professional and less playful use, and with fewer negative consequences (AU)