Determination of craniofacial relation among the subethnic Indian population: a modified approach (vertical evaluation).

AIM: To measure the vertical linear cephalometric dimensions of the anterior and posterior segments of the craniofacial complex and establish ratios between vertical linear dimensions in subjects with normal occlusion, pleasing profile, and facial harmony. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha University. Lateral cephalograms of 120 subjects of both sexes in the age group of 17-28 years with normal occlusion belonging to Chennai, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The vertical segments measured are anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, and ramus-cranial floor vertical. The facial heights were measured in the anterior and posterior region of the craniofacial complex. Establish ratios and proportions between the vertical segments and different facial heights. RESULTS: In both the sexes, the ratio between anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, and ramus-cranial floor vertical is 1:1:1, PTFH:ATFH is 1:1, AUFH:ATFH is 2:5, ALFH:ATFH is 3:5, PUFH:PTFH is 1:2, PLFH:PTFH is 1:2, AUDH:ALDH is 2:3, and facial depth is 2:1. PUDH:PLDH is 7:9 in females and 3:4 in males. There was a statistically significant difference in posterior total facial height:anterior total facial height ratio between the two sexes with a "P" value of 95%. CONCLUSION: Thus, the anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, and cranial floor-ramus vertical composite are in dimensional balance in subjects with normal occlusion and facial harmony. This analysis helps to identify skeletal deviations in size and position in the vertical dimension and allows the clinician to outline an appropriate treatment.

Determination of craniofacial relation among the subethnic Indian population: a modified approach - (Sagittal relation).

AIM: To measure the linear cephalometric dimensions of anterior and posterior segments of the craniofacial complex sagittally, to establish ratios between different linear dimensions of sagittal segments and check for dimensional balance among the various segments in subjects with normal occlusion, pleasing profile and facial harmony. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha University. Lateral cephalograms of 120 subjects of both sexes in the age group of 17-28 years with normal occlusion belonging to Chennai, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Linear dimensions of anterior and posterior segments of the craniofacial complex were measured sagittally with the posterior maxillary plane as a key reference plane. Ratios were established between the various parameters in the anterior and posterior region. RESULTS: A ratio of 1:1 was found to exist between the individual and aggregate sagittal segments of the craniofacial complex in both sexes. There was a statistically significant sexual dimorphism in the aggregate lengths(P=0.028,P=0.005).However, the ratio between the anterior cranial floor and effective maxillary length was 2:3 and 5:8 and that between anterior cranial floor to effective mandibular length was 5:8 and 3:5 in females and males respectively. The difference in the above values was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: A dimensional balance was found to exist between the maxilla and mandible both at the dentoalveolar and skeletal level with a ratio of 1:1. There was also a dimensional balance between the posterior cranial floor and ramus width. However, there was no architectural balance between the anterior cranial floor and maxilla and mandible.

Management of severe Class II division 1 malocclusion: a case report.

AIMS: To describe the two-phase treatment of a preadolescent boy with a severe skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess and spaced upper incisors. METHODS: Treatment involved an orthopaedic phase using high-pull headgear and a maxillary intrusion splint followed by non-extraction orthodontic treatment with a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance. The case was assessed at the start of treatment (T1), at the end of orthopaedic treatment (T2), at the end of orthodontic treatment (T3) and 2 years after debanding (T4). RESULTS: At T2 the Class II molar occlusion was corrected to a Class I molar relationship and the overjet and overbite were considerably reduced. A lower lip trap was relieved and a normal mentolabial sulcus obtained. The cephalometric changes at T2 revealed a 4 degree reduction in the ANB angle but no change in the SNA angle. At T3, the inclination of the upper central incisors, the overjet and overbite were normal and the spaces between the upper anterior teeth were closed. At T4, the Class I molar and canine relationships, reduced overjet, reduced overbite and intercuspation were maintained. The curve of Spee deepened slightly. CONCLUSION: A severe skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion with vertical maxillary excess may be successfully treated in two phases with an initial orthopaedic appliance in the form of high-pull head gear and a maxillary intrusion splint followed by fixed appliances.