RESUMEN
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) is a complex, potentially fatal therapy featuring a myriad of complications. Triggering event(s) of such complications vary significantly, but often a so-called "multi-organ failure" (MOF) is reported as the leading cause of death. The identification of the exact trigger of MOF is critical towards early and disease-specific intervention to improve outcome. We examined data from 202 alloHCT patients reported to have died of MOF from the EBMT registry aiming to determine their exact cause of death focusing on veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) due to its life-threatening, often difficult to capture yet preventable nature. We identified a total of 70 patients (35%) for whom VOD/SOS could be considered as trigger for MOF and leading cause of death, among which 48 (69%) were previously undiagnosed. Multivariate analysis highlighted history of hepatic comorbidity or gentuzumab use and disease status beyond CR1 as the only significant factors predictive of VOD/SOS incidence (OR = 6.6; p = 0.001 and OR = 3.3; p = 0.004 respectively). VOD/SOS-related MOF was widely under-reported, accounting for 27% of deaths attributed to MOF of unknown origin without a previous VOD/SOS diagnosis. Our results suggest most missed cases developed late VOD/SOS beyond 21 days post-alloHCT, highlighting the importance of the newly revised EBMT criteria.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Enfermedad Veno-Oclusiva Hepática , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Trasplantes , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Veno-Oclusiva Hepática/etiología , HumanosRESUMEN
Carmustine shortage has led to an increase use of alternative conditioning regimens prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for the treatment of lymphoma, including Bendamustine-based (BeEAM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the BeEAM regimen in a large cohort of patients. A total of 474 patients with a median age of 56 years were analyzed. The majority of patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (43.5%). Bendamustine was administered at a median dose of 197 mg/m2 /day (50-250) on days-7 and -6. The observed grade 1-4 toxicities included mucositis (83.5%), gastroenteritis (53%), skin toxicity (34%), colitis (29%), liver toxicity (19%), pneumonitis (5%), and cardiac rhythm disorders (4%). Nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was reported in 3.3% of patients. Acute renal failure (ARF) was reported in 132 cases (27.9%) (G ≥2; 12.3%). Organ toxicities and death were more frequent in patients with post conditioning renal failure. In a multivariate analysis, pretransplant chronic renal failure, bendamustine dose >160 mg/m2 and age were independent prognostic factors for ARF. Pretransplant chronic renal failure, hyperhydration volume, duration of hyperhydration, and etoposide dose were predictive factors of NRM. A simple, four-point scoring system can stratify patients by levels of risk for ARF and may allow for a reduction in the bendamustine dose to avoid toxicity. Drugs shortage may have dangerous consequences. Prospective, comparative studies are needed to confirm the toxicity/efficacy extents from this conditioning regimen compared to other types of high dose therapy.
Asunto(s)
Clorhidrato de Bendamustina/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Linfoma/terapia , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Clorhidrato de Bendamustina/administración & dosificación , Clorhidrato de Bendamustina/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Trasplante AutólogoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that excessive blood transfusion may be associated with impaired survival or cardiovascular events. One way to reduce the number of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transfuse 1 unit (1RBC) instead of 2 units of RBCs (2RBC). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients requiring blood transfusions in hematologic intensive care unit were included in a prospective study using a single RBC unit per transfusion and were compared with an historical cohort who received 2 RBC units per transfusion. RESULTS: A total of 1323 units were transfused to 126 patients between 2013 and 2014. The 186 patients in the comparative cohort received a total of 1824 RBC units in a 2-RBC-unit policy between 2010 and 2012. The mean number of units was 7.35 (SD, 5.9 units; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.5-8.2 units) in the 1RBC group and 8.14 units (SD, 6.2 units; 95% CI, 7.3-8.9 units) in the 2RBC group. The absolute mean difference was -0.79 (95% CI, -1.98 to 0.40; p = 0.09). In the 1RBC allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) subgroup, a significant reduction in the number of RBC units transfused was observed in comparison with the historical 2RBC allo-HSCT group (5 units vs. 7.7 units; p = 0.01). No anemia-related side effects were reported. Overall survival did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The 1RBC transfusion policy made is feasible in patients with transient hematologic toxicity after chemotherapy. The number of units transfused between the two groups was not different. However, in the allo-HSCT group, the use of a single RBC unit reduced significantly RBC consumption. A randomized trial comparing the two strategies is planned with a medicoeconomic evaluation.
Asunto(s)
Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Transfusión de Eritrocitos , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/mortalidad , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), new prognostic tools are needed to assess the risk of relapse. Hematogones (HGs) are normal B-lymphocyte precursors that increase in hematological diseases and may influence remission duration in AML. HG detection was prospectively investigated in 262 AML patients to determine its prognostic value. Flow cytometric HG detection was performed in bone marrow aspiration after intensive chemotherapy at the time of hematological recovery. Patients with HGs in bone marrow samples had a significantly better relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than patients without HGs (P = 0.0021, and P = 0.0016). Detectable HGs independently predicted RFS (HR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.42 - 0.89, P = 0.012) and OS (HR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.38 - 0.92, 0.019) controlling for age, ELN classification, the number of chemotherapy cycles to achieve CR, performance status, secondary AML and flow cytometric minimal residual disease (MRD). In intensively treated AML, individual determination of HGs could be useful to stratify the optimal risk-adapted therapeutic strategy after induction chemotherapy. Am. J. Hematol. 91:566-570, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Recuento de Linfocitos , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/citología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Médula Ósea/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Medición de Riesgo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Bendamustine is used in the treatment of different relapsing or refractory subtypes of lymphoma. Its impact on the yield of peripheral blood stem cells is not well known. Twenty three patients who received bendamustine followed immediately or after another chemotherapy by stem cell mobilization (SCM) were included. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=17), in whom SCM was performed immediately after bendamustine chemotherapy, and group 2 (n=6), in whom SCM was performed after another cycle of chemotherapy. The success rate of mobilization after Bendamustine+/-plerixafor was 36% (eight cytapheresis succeeded for a total number of 22 cytapheresis); and 75% after other approaches (chemotherapy based or steady state) used for patients who received bendamustine previously. Although bendamustine used alone was not an effective drug to mobilize stem cells, this agent does not seem to have detrimental effects on subsequent SCM.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/administración & dosificación , Clorhidrato de Bendamustina/administración & dosificación , Movilización de Célula Madre Hematopoyética , Linfoma/terapia , Células Madre de Sangre Periférica/citología , Células Madre de Sangre Periférica/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Anciano , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Movilización de Célula Madre Hematopoyética/métodos , Humanos , Linfoma/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Retratamiento , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion is required in hematology patients treated with chemotherapy for acute leukemia, autologous (auto) or allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In certain situations like septic shock, hip surgery, coronary disease or gastrointestinal hemorrhage, a restrictive transfusion strategy is associated with a reduction of infection and death. A transfusion strategy using a single PRBC unit has been retrospectively investigated and showed a safe reduction of PRBC consumption and costs. We therefore designed a study to prospectively demonstrate that the transfusion of a single PRBC unit is safe and not inferior to standard care. METHODS: The 1versus2 trial is a randomized trial which will determine if a single-unit transfusion policy is not inferior to a double-unit transfusion policy. The primary endpoint is the incidence of severe complication (grade ≥ 3) defined as stroke, transient ischemic attack, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, elevated troponin level, intensive care unit transfer, death, new pulmonary infiltrates, and transfusion-related infections during hospital stays. The secondary endpoint is the number of PRBC units transfused per patient per hospital stay. Two hundred and thirty patients will be randomized to receive a single unit or double unit every time the hemoglobin level is less than 8 g/dL. All patients admitted for induction remission chemotherapy, auto-HSCT or allo-HSCT in hematology intensive care units will be eligible for inclusion. Sample size calculation has determined that a patient population of 230 will be required to prove that the 1-unit PRBC strategy is non-inferior to the 2-unit PRBC strategy. Hemoglobin threshold for transfusion is below 8 g/dL. Estimated percentage of complication-free hospital stays is 93 %. In a non-inferiority hypothesis, the number of patients to include is 230 with a power of 90 % and an alpha risk of 5 %. TRIAL REGISTRATION: 14-128; Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02461264 (registered on 3 June 2015).
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Transfusión de Eritrocitos/métodos , Hematología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Leucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Aloinjertos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/economía , Autoinjertos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Protocolos Clínicos , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Transfusión de Eritrocitos/efectos adversos , Transfusión de Eritrocitos/economía , Francia , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Hematología/economía , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/economía , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Quimioterapia de Inducción , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/economía , Leucemia/sangre , Leucemia/diagnóstico , Selección de Paciente , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tamaño de la Muestra , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The prognosis of refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor. The complete response (CR) rate after relapse is around 25%, with 11% of patients still alive after 5 years. The efficacy and toxicity of fractionated gemtuzumab ozogamicin (fGO; 3 mg/m2, days 1, 4, 7) in combination with intensive chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated in patients with refractory/relapsed AML. Thirty-six patients (median age 54 years) were included. European LeukemiaNet classification was as follows: favorable (n=6), intermediate-I (n=13), intermediate-II (n=8), adverse (n=9). Median CR duration was 7.16 months (1.63-96.8). The overall response rate was 38.8%, with CR in eight patients (22.2%) and CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp) in six patients (16.7%). Two-year overall survival was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12-42) and 2-year relapse free-survival was 18.5% (95% CI: 6.6-35.0). Salvage therapy with fractionated GO in patients with very high-risk disease produced a 38.8% response rate and may be considered as a bridge therapy to transplant.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Aminoglicósidos/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Femenino , Gemtuzumab , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Inducción de Remisión , Terapia Recuperativa , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Despite progress in the understanding of leukemia pathophysiology, the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging. In patients with refractory or relapsed (R/R) AML, the prognosis is still poor and this group is targeted for new drug development. We reviewed the outcome of 47 patients, with R/R AML after at least one course of intensive chemotherapy, treated with 5-azacytidine in three different French institutions. The overall response rate was 38% including complete remission in 21%, partial remission in 11%, and hematological improvement in 6% of cases. Median time to relapse was 6 (range, 1-39) months. Median overall survival was 9 months (not reached by responders vs. 4.5 months for nonresponders patients, P = 0.0001). Univariate analysis identified the absence of peripheral blood blasts and <20% bone marrow blasts as prognostic factors for both overall response and survival, but not age, ECOG/PS, type of AML, cytogenetic, status of the disease, number of previous lines of therapy, previous hematological stem cell transplantation, or white blood cells count. Bone marrow blasts percentage <20% was the only independent prognostic factor identified by multivariate analysis for overall response (P = 0.0013) and survival (P = 0.0324). Six patients in remission could proceed to an allogenic hematological stem cell transplantation. The drug-related grade 3/4 adverse events were hematopoietic toxicities (38%) and infection (32%). In conclusion, this study suggests that a salvage therapy with 5-azacytidine is an interesting option for patients with R/R AML after intensive chemotherapy. Prospective randomized studies are needed to demonstrate a superiority of this approach over others strategies.
Asunto(s)
Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Azacitidina/uso terapéutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Terapia Recuperativa/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Células de la Médula Ósea/patología , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Nucleofosmina , Recurrencia , Inducción de Remisión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/genéticaRESUMEN
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient outcomes remain heterogeneous, and new prognostic tools are needed to assess the risk of relapse. Hematogones (HGs) are normal B-lymphocyte precursors, which increase in number in hematologic diseases. The prognostic impact of the presence of detectable HGs on the leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival of 120 consecutive patients with AML in first complete remission was investigated by flow cytometry. Patients who had HG levels more than 0.01% had a significantly better median LFS (29.2 vs 11.7 months; P = .001) and overall survival (not reached vs 23.5 months; P = .011). According to Cox analysis, an HG level more than 0.01% was an independent predictor of LFS (hazard ratio = 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.90, P < .03) when age, leukocytosis, the number of chemotherapy cycles, and the standardized cytogenetic and molecular risk subgroups were controlled for. These results indicate that HG analysis may help to define the risk of relapse in AML patients.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas Hematológicas/métodos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/fisiología , Anciano , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/inmunología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Células Precursoras de Linfocitos B/citología , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Inducción de Remisión , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
ZAP-70 expression is a strong prognostic indicator in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, ZAP-70 quantification by flow cytometry lacks sufficient standardization. Based upon the correlation between ZAP-70 expression and its gene methylation status, we have developed a quantitative pyrosequencing assay for the determination of ZAP-70 methylation adapted for routine use. Methylation in four CpG pairs (C-223, C-243, C-254, and C-267) in the first intron of ZAP-70 is associated with repression of ZAP-70. Moreover, it correlates with CD38 expression (n=111, p<.0001), IgHv mutation status (n=106, p<.0001), time to treatment (p<.0001), and overall survival (p=.0014). Pyrosequencing of ZAP-70 provides a good alternative to flow cytometry.