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PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) is the first layer of plant defense response that occurs on the plant plasma membrane. Recently, the application of a rhizobacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PMB05, has been demonstrated to enhance flg22Pst- or harpin-triggered PTI response such as callose deposition. This PTI intensification by PMB05 further contributes to plant disease resistance to different bacterial diseases. Under the demand for rapid and large-scale screening, it has become critical to establish a non-staining technology to identify microbial strains that can enhance PTI responses. Firstly, we confirmed that the expression of the GSL5 gene, which is required for callose synthesis, can be enhanced by PMB05 during PTI activation triggered by flg22 or PopW (a harpin from Ralstonia solanacearum). The promoter region of the GSL5 gene was further cloned and fused to the coding sequence of gfp. The constructed fragments were used to generate transgenic Arabidopsis plants through a plant transformation vector. The transgenic lines of AtGSL5-GFP were obtained. The analysis was performed by infiltrating flg22Pst or PopW in one homozygous line, and the results exhibited that the green fluorescent signals were observed until after 8 h. In addition, the PopW-induced fluorescent signal was significantly enhanced in the co-treatment with PMB05 at 4 h after inoculation. Furthermore, by using AtGSL5-GFP to analyze 13 Bacillus spp. strains, the regulation of PopW-induced fluorescent signal was observed. And, the regulation of these fluorescent signals was similar to that performed by callose staining. More importantly, the Bacillus strains that enhance PopW-induced fluorescent signals would be more effective in reducing the occurrence of bacterial wilt. Taken together, the technique by using AtGSL5-GFP would be a promising platform to screen plant immunity-intensifying microbes to control bacterial wilt.
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N6-methyladenosine (m6A) alteration is an epigenetic regulator widely involved in the tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F3 (YTHDF3), an m6A reader in HCC, requires further investigation. Here, we aim to explore the biological properties of YTHDF3 in HCC and its potential mechanisms. The predictive risk model for HCC was developed by analyzing the expression of genes associated with m6A in HCC using online datasets. WB and qPCR were employed to assess YTHDF3 expression in HCC and its correlation with the disease's clinicopathological characteristics. Both in vitro and in vivo methods were utilized to evaluate the biological effects of YTHDF3 in HCC. The potential targets of YTHDF3 were identified and confirmed using RNA-seq, meRIP-seq, and linear amplification and sequencing of cDNA ends (Lace-seq). We confirmed that YTHDF3 is overexpressed in HCC. Patients with higher YTHDF3 expression had a greater risk of cancer recurrence. In both in vitro and in vivo settings, YTHDF3 boosts the migration and invasion capabilities of HCC cells. Through multi-omics research, we identified YTHDF3's downstream target genes as NKD inhibitors of the WNT signaling pathway 1 (NKD1) and the WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway. With m6A modification, YTHDF3 suppresses the transcription and translation of NKD1. Additionally, NKD1 inhibited tumor growth by blocking the WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway. The investigation found that the oncogene YTHDF3 stimulates the WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway by m6A-dependently suppressing NKD1 expression in HCC cells. Our findings suggest that YTHDF3 regulates hepatocarcinogenesis, providing fresh perspectives on potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Machine learning (ML) is increasingly applied across various fields, including chemistry, for molecular design and optimizing reaction parameters. Yet, applying ML to experimental data is challenging due to the limited number of synthesized samples, which restricts its broader application in device development. In energy harvesting, photoanodes are crucial for solar-driven water splitting, generating hydrogen and oxygen. We explored electrodes like hematite and bismuth vanadate for photocatalytic uses, noting varied photoelectrochemical performances despite similar preparations. To understand this variability, we applied a data-driven ML approach, predicting photocurrent values and identifying key performance influencers even with limited experimental data in the research development of inorganic devices. We have utilized multiple machine learning algorithms to predict the target value in the calculation process, where the contributions of the dominant descriptors were unknown. We introduced a novel methodology, incorporating clustering to manage multicollinearity from correlated analytical data and Shapley analysis for clear interpretation of contributions to performance prediction. This method was validated on hematite and bismuth vanadate, showing superior predictability and factor identification, and then extended to tungsten oxide and bismuth vanadate heterojunction photoanodes. Despite their complexity, our approach achieved determination coefficients (R2) with a prediction accuracy over 0.85, successfully pinpointing performance-determining factors, demonstrating the robustness of the new scheme in advancing photodevice research.
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BACKGROUD: Previous observational studies have shown that vitiligo usually co-manifests with a variety of dysglycemic diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to further evaluate the causal association between fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), T1DM, T2DM and vitiligo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used aggregated genome-wide association data from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) online database of European adults vitiligo; HbA1c data were from IEU. Fasting blood glucose data were obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). T1DM and T2DM data were from FinnGen. We used bidirectional two-sample and multivariate MR analyses to test whether dysglycemic measures (fasting blood glucose, HbA1c), diabetes-related measures (T1DM, T2DM) are causatively associated with vitiligo. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the main test method, MR-Egger, Weighted mode and Weighted median were used as supplementary methods. RESULTS: We found no statistically significant evidence to support a causal association between dysglycemic traits and vitiligo, but in the correlation analysis of diabetic traits, our data supported a positive causal association between T1DM and vitiligo (p = 0.018). In the follow-up multivariate MR analysis, our results still supported this conclusion (p = 0.016), and suggested that HbA1c was not a mediator of T1DM affecting the pathogenesis of vitiligo. No reverse causality was found in any of the reverse MR Analyses of dysglycemic traits and diabetic traits. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support that T1DM is a risk factor for the development of vitiligo, and this conclusion may explain why the co-presentation of T1DM and vitiligo is often seen in observational studies. Clinical use of measures related to T1DM may be a new idea for the prevention or treatment of vitiligo.
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Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Hemoglobina Glucada , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Vitíligo , Vitíligo/genética , Vitíligo/sangre , Vitíligo/epidemiología , Humanos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
Background and objective: Neuroinflammatory processes have been identified as playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases, including idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). iNPH, defined as a common disease of cognitive impairment in older adults, poses major challenges for therapeutic interventions owing to the stringent methodological requirements of relevant studies, clinical heterogeneity, unclear etiology, and uncertain diagnostic criteria. This study aims to assess the relationship between circulating inflammatory biomarkers and iNPH risk using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) combined with meta-analysis. Methods: In our bidirectional MR study, genetic data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 1,456 iNPH cases and 409,726 controls of European ancestry were employed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with exposures served as instrumental variables for estimating the causal relationships between iNPH and 132 types of circulating inflammatory biomarkers from corresponding GWAS data. Causal associations were primarily examined using the inverse variance-weighted method, supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode analyses. In the results, heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test. Horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated through the MR-Egger intercept test and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outliers test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted through leave-one-out analysis. Reverse MR analyses were performed to mitigate bias from reverse causality. Meta-analyses of identical inflammatory biomarkers from both data sources strengthened the findings. Results: Results indicated a genetically predicted association between Interleukin-16 (IL-16) [OR: 1.228, 95% CI: 1.049-1.439, p = 0.011], TNF-related apoptosis ligand (TRAIL) [OR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.019-1.210, p = 0.017] and Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) [OR: 1.303, 95% CI: 1.025-1.658, p = 0.031] and the risk of iNPH. Additionally, changes in human Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (hGDNF) [OR: 1.044, 95% CI: 1.006-1.084, p = 0.023], Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) [OR: 1.058, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.098, p = 0.003] and Interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) [OR: 0.897, 95% CI: 0.946-0.997, p = 0.037] levels were identified as possible consequences of iNPH. Conclusion: Our MR study of inflammatory biomarkers and iNPH, indicated that IL-16, TRAIL, and uPA contribute to iNPH pathogenesis. Furthermore, iNPH may influence the expression of hGDNF, MMP-1, and IL-12p70. Therefore, targeting specific inflammatory biomarkers could be promising strategy for future iNPH treatment and prevention.
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In order to study the effects of temperature, wind speed, and leakage volume on the diffusion of heavy gas leakage, this paper establishes a scaling model for the experimental study of gas leakage and diffusion by using the similarity theory with a certain factory as the target. And carbon dioxide gas is selected to replace the toxic and harmful heavy gas to carry out experiments under different temperatures (0-40 °C), wind speeds (0-2 m/s), and leakage velocities (2.5-12.5 L/min), respectively. The results showed that the diffusion rate of heavy gas expanded with increasing temperature under the conditions of wind speed of 0.25 m/s and leakage velocity of 1.5 L/min. When the temperature was increased from 0 to 40 °C, the concentration increase at each location was 125-290% at 600 s. Under the condition of temperature of 20 °C and leakage velocity of 5 L/min, the concentration at each location increased linearly with diffusion time when there was wind, while the linear relationship was not obvious when there was no wind. The effect on the concentration was larger when the wind speed was less than 1 m/s and smaller when the wind speed was greater than 1 m/s. At 20 °C and a wind speed of 0.5 m/s, the concentration of carbon dioxide at each location was increasing as the leakage increased. As the leakage velocity increases from 2.5 to 12.5 L/min, the carbon dioxide concentration at 600 s spreads 2-14 times. The research in this paper provides some decision support for the rescue work, which is important for improving the emergency rescue capability of the leakage accident.
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In the quest for sustainable energy solutions, the optimization of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of hematite photoanodes through cocatalysts represents a promising avenue. This study introduces a novel machine learning approach, leveraging subtraction descriptors, to isolate and quantify the specific effects of cobalt phosphate (Co-Pi) as a cocatalyst on hematite's PEC performance. By integrating data from various analytical techniques, including photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, with advanced machine learning models, we successfully predicted the PEC performance enhancement attributed to Co-Pi. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) model emerged as the most effective, revealing the critical influence of the interfacial resistance, bulk resistance, and interfacial capacitance on the PEC performance. These findings underscore the potential of cocatalysts in improving charge separation and extending charge carrier lifetimes, thereby boosting the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. This study not only advances our understanding of the cocatalyst effect in photocatalytic systems but also demonstrates the power of machine learning in modifying complex materials and guiding the development of optimized photocatalytic materials. The implications of this research extend beyond hematite photoanodes, offering a generalizable framework for enhancing the photoelectrochemical properties of a wide range of material modifications such as cocatalyst deposition, doping, and passivation.
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Autoimmune diseases are typically characterized by aberrant activation of immune system that leads to excessive inflammatory reactions and tissue damage. Nevertheless, precise targeted and efficient therapies are limited. Thus, studies into novel therapeutic targets for the management of autoimmune diseases are urgently needed. Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2 (RSAD2) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) renowned for the antiviral properties of the protein it encodes, named viperin. An increasing number of studies have underscored the new roles of RSAD2/viperin in immunomodulation and mitochondrial metabolism. Previous studies have shown that there is a complex interplay between RSAD2/vipeirn and mitochondria and that binding of the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster is necessary for the involvement of viperin in mitochondrial metabolism. Viperin influences the proliferation and development of immune cells as well as inflammation via different signaling pathways. However, the function of RSAD2/viperin varies in different studies and a comprehensive overview of this emerging theme is lacking. This review will describe the characteristics of RSAD2/viperin, decipher its function in immunometabolic processes, and clarify the crosstalk between RSAD2/viperin and mitochondria. Furthermore, we emphasize the crucial roles of RSAD2 in autoimmune diseases and its potential application value.
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Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) enhance the immune response as adjuvants, increasing the efficacy of viral vaccines, including those for COVID-19. However, the efficiency of mucosal SeNPs in boosting vaccine-induced protective immunity against tuberculosis remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether the combination of SeNPs with the AH antigen (Ag85A-HspX) can boost respiratory mucosal immunity and thereby enhance the protective effects against tuberculosis. We synthesized SeNPs and assessed their impact on the immune response and protection against Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice, administered intranasally at a dose of 20 µg. SeNPs outperformed polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) in stimulating the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), which enhanced antigen presentation. SeNPs significantly activated and proliferated tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) and effector CD4+ T cells in the lungs. The vaccines elicited specific antibody responses in the respiratory tract and stimulated systemic Th1 and Th17 immune responses. Immunization with AH and SeNPs led to higher levels of mucosal secretory IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and secretory IL-17 in splenocytes. Moreover, SeNPs immunized mice showed reduced M. bovis infection loads and inflammatory lesions in the lungs post-challenge. Notably, immunization with AH and SeNPs significantly reduced bacterial load in the lungs, achieving the lowest levels compared to all other tested groups. This study calls for pre-clinical investigation of AHB-SeNPs as an anti-bovine tuberculosis vaccine and for exploring its human vaccine potential, which is anticipated to aid in the development of innovative vaccines or adjuvants.
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Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Antígenos Bacterianos , Inmunidad Mucosa , Mycobacterium bovis , Nanopartículas , Selenio , Animales , Mycobacterium bovis/inmunología , Inmunidad Mucosa/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Ratones , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Tuberculosis/inmunología , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Vacunas contra la Tuberculosis/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Tuberculosis/administración & dosificación , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/microbiología , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Grain weight, a key determinant of yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.), is governed primarily by genetic factors, whereas grain chalkiness, a detriment to grain quality, is intertwined with environmental factors such as mineral nutrients. Nitrogen (N) is recognized for its effect on grain chalkiness, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be clarified. This study revealed the pivotal role of rice NODULE INCEPTION-LIKE PROTEIN 3 (OsNLP3) in simultaneously regulating grain weight and grain chalkiness. Our investigation showed that loss of OsNLP3 leads to a reduction in both grain weight and dimension, in contrast to the enhancement observed with OsNLP3 overexpression. OsNLP3 directly suppresses the expression of OsCEP6.1 and OsNF-YA8, which were identified as negative regulators associated with grain weight. Consequently, two novel regulatory modules, OsNLP3-OsCEP6.1 and OsNLP3-OsNF-YA8, were identified as key players in grain weight regulation. Notably, the OsNLP3-OsNF-YA8 module not only increases grain weight but also mitigates grain chalkiness in response to N. This research clarifies the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate grain weight through the OsNLP3-OsCEP6.1 and OsNLP3-OsNF-YA8 modules, highlighting the pivotal role of the OsNLP3-OsNF-YA8 module in alleviating grain chalkiness. These findings reveal potential targets for simultaneous enhancement of rice yield and quality.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an intricate autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations. Immunometabolism reprogramming contributes to the progression of SLE by regulating the phenotype and function of immune cells. Dysregulated iron metabolism is implicated in SLE pathogenesis, affecting both systemic and immune cell-specific iron homeostasis. This review explores the systemic and cellular iron handling and regulation. Additionally, the advancements regarding iron metabolism in SLE with a focus on the distinct subsets of immune cells are highlighted. By gaining insight into the interplay between iron dysregulation and immune dysfunction, the potential therapeutic avenues may be unveiled. However, challenges remain in elucidating cell-specific iron metabolic reprogramming and its contribution to SLE pathogenesis needs further research for personalized therapeutic interventions and biomarker discovery. This review provides an in-depth understanding of immune cell-specific regulatory mechanisms of iron metabolism and new insights in current challenges as well as possible clinical applications.
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Hierro , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/metabolismo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Hierro/metabolismo , Animales , Homeostasis , Terapia CombinadaRESUMEN
Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers, vital in medical devices and aerospace, often face challenges like resonant frequency shifts and impedance variations affecting their operational efficiency. This paper introduces a shunted piezoelectric transducer which could tune itself by digitally programmable inductance. A transformer and inductance-capacitance matching network ensures enhanced compatibility and impedance management. Proposing a fuzzy PI-based phase control method achieves resonant frequency tracking, synchronizing operational frequency with the transducer. In contrast to traditional methods, our approach enables faster and more precise fine-tuning, detecting and rectifying real-world deviations for optimal performance. A comprehensive experimental validation, based on fundamental knowledge analysis, confirms the feasibility and superiority of our proposed method, and the commonly encountered issues of resonance frequency deviation and impedance variation in high-power piezoelectric transducer applications can be effectively mitigated.
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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the predominant energy storage power source. However, the urgent issues of enhancing electrochemical performance, prolonging lifetime, preventing thermal runaway-caused fires, and intelligent application are obstacles to their applications. Herein, bio-inspired electrodes owning spatiotemporal management of self-healing, fast ion transport, fire-extinguishing, thermoresponsive switching, recycling, and flexibility are overviewed comprehensively, showing great promising potentials in practical application due to the significantly enhanced durability and thermal safety of LIBs. Taking advantage of the self-healing core-shell structures, binders, capsules, or liquid metal alloys, these electrodes can maintain the mechanical integrity during the lithiation-delithiation cycling. After the incorporation of fire-extinguishing binders, current collectors, or capsules, flame retardants can be released spatiotemporally during thermal runaway to ensure safety. Thermoresponsive switching electrodes are also constructed though adding thermally responsive components, which can rapidly switch LIB off under abnormal conditions and resume their functions quickly when normal operating conditions return. Finally, the challenges of bio-inspired electrode designs are presented to optimize the spatiotemporal management of LIBs. It is anticipated that the proposed electrodes with spatiotemporal management will not only promote industrial application, but also strengthen the fundamental research of bionics in energy storage.
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Based on a specific zinc storage mechanism and excellent electronic conductivity, transition metal dichalcogenides, represented by vanadium diselenide, are widely used in aqueous zinc-ion battery (AZIB) energy storage systems. However, most vanadium diselenide cathode materials are presently limited by low specific capacity and poor cycling life. Herein, a simple hydrothermal process has been proposed for obtaining a vanadium diselenide cathode for an AZIB. The interaction of defects and crystal planes enhances zinc storage capacity and reduces the migration energy barrier. Moreover, abundant lamellar structure greatly increases reaction sites and alleviates volume expansion during the electrochemical process. Thus, the as-obtained vanadium diselenide AZIB exhibits an excellent reversible specific capacity of 377 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1, and ultralong cycle stability of 291 mAh g-1 after 3200 cycles, with a nearly negligible capacity loss. This one-stone-for-two-birds strategy would be expected to be applied to large-scale synthesis of a high-performance zinc-ion battery cathode in the future.
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The intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica rapidly enters the bloodstream after the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, but how Salmonella breaks through the gut-vascular barrier is largely unknown. Here, we report that Salmonella enters the bloodstream through intestinal CX3CR1+ macrophages during early infection. Mechanistically, Salmonella induces the migration/invasion properties of macrophages in a manner dependent on host cell actin and on the pathogen effector SteC. SteC recruits host myosin light chain protein Myl12a and phosphorylates its Ser19 and Thr20 residues. Myl12a phosphorylation results in actin rearrangement, and enhanced migration and invasion of macrophages. SteC is able to utilize a wide range of NTPs other than ATP to phosphorylate Myl12a. We further solved the crystal structure of SteC, which suggests an atypical dimerization-mediated catalytic mechanism. Finally, in vivo data show that SteC-mediated cytoskeleton manipulation is crucial for Salmonella breaching the gut vascular barrier and spreading to target organs.
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Cadenas Ligeras de Miosina , Salmonella enterica , Cadenas Ligeras de Miosina/genética , Cadenas Ligeras de Miosina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Up to 80% of the human genome produces "dark matter" RNAs, most of which are noncapped RNAs (napRNAs) that frequently act as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to modulate gene expression. Here, by developing a method, NAP-seq, to globally profile the full-length sequences of napRNAs with various terminal modifications at single-nucleotide resolution, we reveal diverse classes of structured ncRNAs. We discover stably expressed linear intron RNAs (sliRNAs), a class of snoRNA-intron RNAs (snotrons), a class of RNAs embedded in miRNA spacers (misRNAs) and thousands of previously uncharacterized structured napRNAs in humans and mice. These napRNAs undergo dynamic changes in response to various stimuli and differentiation stages. Importantly, we show that a structured napRNA regulates myoblast differentiation and a napRNA DINAP interacts with dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1 (DKC1) to promote cell proliferation by maintaining DKC1 protein stability. Our approach establishes a paradigm for discovering various classes of ncRNAs with regulatory functions.
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MicroARNs , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , ARN no Traducido/genética , ARN no Traducido/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Nucleolar Pequeño/genética , ARN Nucleolar Pequeño/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares , Proteínas de Ciclo CelularRESUMEN
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its derivative 6PPDQ have been detected in various environmental media, with harmful consequences for both ecosystems and biological health. However, the distribution of 6PPD and 6PPDQ in areas around e-waste recycling areas is currently unknown. We collected soil and dust samples from areas around a traditional e-waste recycling zone, an emerging recycling park, and a reference area. Higher levels of 6PPD were found in dust from residential areas around the traditional e-waste recycling zone compared to the reference area (median: 108.99 versus 33.57 ng/g, P < 0.01). Lower levels of 6PPDQ were detected in dust samples from around the emerging e-waste recycling parks compared to traditional e-waste recycling zones (median: 15.40 versus 46.37 ng/g, P < 0.05). The median concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPDQ were higher in the dust samples than in the soil samples (P < 0.001). The concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPDQ in the dust and soil varied seasonally, with the highest total concentrations occurring in the winter. Results from a multiple linear regression analysis indicate that 6PPDQ is negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with 6PPD, O3, and radiation. This study confirms that e-waste is a potential contributor to 6PPD and 6PPDQ. In residential areas, 6PPD and 6PPDQ are more likely to accumulate in dust than in soil. The emerging e-waste recycling parks have greatly improved the local 6PPDQ pollution situation. Further studies are necessary to understand the distribution of newly found substances in various settings.
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Polvo , Residuos Electrónicos , Polvo/análisis , Suelo , Residuos Electrónicos/análisis , Ecosistema , Reciclaje/métodos , ChinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an increasingly prevalent global health concern that has garnered substantial attention. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and the current treatments have significant limitations. Intestinal organoids provide an in vitro model to explore the pathogenesis, test the therapeutic effects, and develop regenerative treatments as well as offer the potential to transform drug discovery of IBD. METHODS: To advance our understanding of the whole story of IBD spanning from the pathogenesis to the current therapeutic strategies and latest advancements, a comprehensive search of major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted to retrieve original articles and reviews related to IBD, organoids, pathogenesis and therapy. RESULTS: This review deciphers the etiopathogenesis and the current therapeutic approaches in the treatment of IBD. Notably, critical aspects of intestinal organoids in IBD, such as their potential applications, viability, cell renewal ability, and barrier functionality are highlighted. We also discuss the advances, limitations, and prospects of intestinal organoids for precision medicine. CONCLUSION: The latest strides made in research about intestinal organoids help elucidate intricate aspects of IBD pathogenesis, and pave the prospective avenues for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Organoides , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/terapia , Animales , Intestinos/patología , Modelos BiológicosRESUMEN
Previous studies have revealed an association between dietary factors and atopic dermatitis (AD). To explore whether there was a causal relationship between diet and AD, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis. The dataset of twenty-one dietary factors was obtained from UK Biobank. The dataset for AD was obtained from the publicly available FinnGen consortium. The main research method was the inverse-variance weighting method, which was supplemented by MRâEgger, weighted median and weighted mode. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed to ensure the accuracy of the results. The study revealed that beef intake (OR = 0·351; 95 % CI 0·145, 0·847; P = 0·020) and white bread intake (OR = 0·141; 95 % CI 0·030, 0·656; P = 0·012) may be protective factors against AD. There were no causal relationships between AD and any other dietary intake factors. Sensitivity analysis showed that our results were reliable, and no heterogeneity or pleiotropy was found. Therefore, we believe that beef intake may be associated with a reduced risk of AD. Although white bread was significant in the IVW analysis, there was large uncertainty in the results given the wide 95 % CI. Other factors were not associated with AD in this study.
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Dermatitis Atópica , Dieta , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Dermatitis Atópica/genética , Dermatitis Atópica/etiología , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Pan , Carne Roja/efectos adversos , Bovinos , Reino Unido/epidemiología , AnimalesRESUMEN
Photocatalytic selective oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes and H2 is a green strategy for obtaining both value-added chemicals and clean energy. Herein, a dual-purpose ZnIn2S4@CdS photocatalyst was designed and constructed for efficient catalyzing benzyl alcohol (BA) into benzaldehyde (BAD) with coupled H2 evolution. To address the deep-rooted problems of pure CdS, such as high recombination of photogenerated carriers and severe photo-corrosion, while also preserving its superiority in H2 production, ZnIn2S4 with a suitable band structure and adequate oxidizing capability was chosen to match CdS by constructing a coupled reaction. As designed, the photoexcited holes (electrons) in the CdS (ZnIn2S4) were spatially separated and transferred to the ZnIn2S4 (CdS) by electrostatic pull from the built-in electric field, leading to expected BAD production (12.1 mmol g-1 h-1) at the ZnIn2S4 site and H2 generation (12.2 mmol g-1 h-1) at the CdS site. This composite photocatalyst also exhibited high photostability due to the reasonable hole transfer from CdS to ZnIn2S4. The experimental results suggest that the photocatalytic transform of BA into BAD on ZnIn2S4@CdS is via a carbon-centered radical mechanism. This work may extend the design of advanced photocatalysts for more chemicals by replacing H2 evolution with N2 fixation or CO2 reduction in the coupled reactions.