Anomalous Raman Response in 2D Magnetic FeTe Under Uniaxial Strain: Tetragonal and Hexagonal Polymorphs.

2D Fe-chalcogenides emerge with rich structures, magnetisms, and superconductivities, which spark the growing research interests in the torturous transition mechanism and tunable properties for their potential applications in nanoelectronics. Uniaxial strain can produce a lattice distortion to study symmetry breaking induced exotic properties in 2D magnets. Herein, the anomalous Raman spectrum of 2D tetragonal (t-) and hexagonal (h-) FeTe is systematically investigated via uniaxial strain engineering strategy. It is found that both t- and h-FeTe keep the structural stability under different uniaxial tensile or compressive strain up to ± 0.4%. Intriguingly, the lattice vibrations along both in-plane and out-of-plane directions exceptionally harden (softened) under tensile (compressive) strain, distinguished from the behaviors of many conventional 2D systems. Further, the difference in thickness-dependent strain effect can be well explained by their structural discrepancy between two polymorphs of FeTe. These results can supply a unique platform to explore the vibrational properties of many novel 2D materials.

Unveiling promising targets in gastric cancer therapy: A comprehensive review.

Gastric cancer (GC) poses a significant global health challenge, ranking fifth in incidence and third in mortality among all malignancies worldwide. Its insidious onset, aggressive growth, proclivity for metastasis, and limited treatment options have contributed to its high fatality rate. Traditional approaches for GC treatment primarily involve surgery and chemotherapy. However, there is growing interest in targeted therapies and immunotherapies. This comprehensive review highlights recent advancements in GC targeted therapy and immunotherapy. It delves into the mechanisms of various strategies, underscoring their potential in GC treatment. Additionally, the review evaluates the efficacy and safety of relevant clinical trials. Despite the benefits observed in numerous advanced GC patients with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, challenges persist. We discuss pertinent strategies to overcome these challenges, thereby providing a solid foundation for enhancing the clinical effectiveness of targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

Bioinspired deformation computational design method for muscle-driven soft robots using MPM.

In order to adapt to complex and changing environments, animals have a wide variety of locomotor forms, which has inspired the investigation of their deformation and driving mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a computational design method for muscle-driven soft robots to satisfy desired deformations, aiming to mimic the deformation behavior of muscle-driven animals in nature. In this paper, we generate the ideal muscle-driven layout for the soft robot by inputting an initial shape and a desired shape, so that it can closely achieve the desired deformation. The material point method is utilized to simulate the soft medium so as to achieve the effect of coupling and coordinated deformation of arbitrary shapes. Our method efficiently searches for muscle layouts corresponding to various deformations and realizes the deformation behaviors of a variety of bio-inspired robots, including soft robots such as bionic snakes, frogs, and human faces. Experimental results show that for both the bionic snake and frog soft robots, the overlap of the geometric contour regions between the actual and simulated deformations is more than 90%, which validates the effectiveness of the method. In addition, the global muscle distributions of the bionic snake and human face soft robots during motion are generated and validated by effective simulation.

Efficacy and advantage of immunotherapy for melanoma via intramuscular co-expression of plasmid-encoded PD-1 and CTLA-4 scFvs.

Immunotherapy, in the shape of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has completely changed the treatment of cancer. However, the increasing expense of treatment and the frequency of immune-related side effects, which are frequently associated with combination antibody therapies and Fc fragment of antibody, have limited the patient's ability to benefit from these treatments. Herein, we presented the therapeutic effects of the plasmid-encoded PD-1 and CTLA-4 scFvs (single-chain variable fragment) for melanoma via an optimized intramuscular gene delivery system. After a single injection, the plasmid-encoded ICI scFv in mouse sera continued to be above 150 ng/mL for 3 weeks and reached peak amounts of 600 ng/mL. Intramuscular delivery of plasmid encoding PD-1 and CTLA-4 scFvs significantly changed the tumor microenvironment, delayed tumor growth, and prolonged survival in melanoma-bearing mice. Furthermore, no significant toxicity was observed, suggesting that this approach could improve the biosafety of ICIs combination therapy. Overall, the expression of ICI scFvs in vivo using intramuscular plasmid delivery could potentially develop into a reliable, affordable, and safe immunotherapy technique, expanding the range of antibody-based gene therapy systems that are available.

Osteosarcoma-targeted Cu and Ce based oxide nanoplatform for NIR II fluorescence/magnetic resonance dual-mode imaging and ros cascade amplification along with immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: As the lethal bone tumor, osteosarcoma often frequently occurs in children and adolescents with locally destructive and high metastasis. Distinctive kinds of nanoplatform with high therapeutical effect and precise diagnosis for osteosarcoma are urgently required. Multimodal optical imaging and programmed treatment, including synergistic photothermal-chemodynamic therapy (PTT-CDT) elicits immunogenetic cell death (ICD) is a promising strategy that possesses high bio-imaging sensitivity for accurate osteosarcoma delineating as well as appreciable therapeutic efficacy with ignorable side-effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, mesoporous Cu and Ce based oxide nanoplatform with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) anchoring is designed and successfully constructed. After loading with indocyanine green, this nanoplatform can be utilized for precisely targeting and efficaciously ablating against osteosarcoma via PTT boosted CDT and the closely following ICD stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, it provides off-peak fluorescence bio-imaging in the second window of near-infrared region (NIR II, 1000-1700 nm) and Magnetic resonance signal, serves as the dual-mode contrast agents for osteosarcoma tissue discrimination. CONCLUSION: Tumor targeted Cu&Ce based mesoporous nanoplatform permits efficient osteosarcoma suppression and dual-mode bio-imaging that opens new possibility for effectively diagnosing and inhibiting the clinical malignant osteosarcoma.

Scalable Synthesis of High-Quality Ultrathin Ferroelectric Magnesium Molybdenum Oxide.

The development of ultrathin, stable ferroelectric materials is crucial for advancing high-density, low-power electronic devices. Nonetheless, ultrathin ferroelectric materials are rare due to the critical size effect. Here, a novel ferroelectric material, magnesium molybdenum oxide (Mg2Mo3O8) is presented. High-quality ultrathin Mg2Mo3O8 crystals are synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Ultrathin Mg2Mo3O8 has a wide bandgap (≈4.4 eV) and nonlinear optical response. Mg2Mo3O8 crystals of varying thicknesses exhibit out-of-plane ferroelectric properties at room temperature, with ferroelectricity retained even at a 2 nm thickness. The Mg2Mo3O8 exhibits a relatively large remanent polarization ranging from 33 to 52 µC cm- 2, which is tunable by changing its thickness. Notably, Mg2Mo3O8 possesses a high Curie temperature (>980 °C) across various thicknesses. Moreover, the as-grown Mg2Mo3O8 crystals display remarkable stability under harsh environments. This work introduces nolanites-type crystal into ultrathin ferroelectrics. The scalable synthesis of stable ultrathin ferroelectric Mg2Mo3O8 expands the scope of ferroelectric materials and may prosper applications of ferroelectrics.

Soft-tissue reconstruction with pedicled vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap after total or high sacrectomy for giant sacral tumor.

BACKGROUND: The large soft-tissue defect after total or high sacrectomy for giant sacral tumor induces high incidence of wound complications. It remains a huge challenge to reconstruct the soft-tissue defect and achieve the preferred clinical outcome. METHODS: A total of 27 patients undergoing one-stage total or high sacrectomy for giant sacral tumors between 2016 and 2021 in a tertiary university hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Participants were divided into two groups. Thirteen patients underwent a pedicled vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap reconstruction, whereas 14 patients underwent a conventional wound closure. Patient's clinical characteristics, surgical duration, postoperative complications, and outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Patients in VRAM and non-VRAM groups were similar in baseline characteristics. The mean tumor size was 12.85 cm (range: 10-17 cm) in VRAM group and 11.79 cm (range: 10-14.5 cm) in non-VRAM group (P = 0.139). The most common giant sacral tumor is chordoma. Patients in VRAM group had a shorter length of drainage (9.85 vs 17.14 days), postoperative time in bed (5.54 vs 17.14 days), and total length of stay (19.46 vs 33.36 days) compared with patients in non-VRAM group. Patients in the VRAM group had less wound infection and debridement than patients in non-VRAM group (15.4% vs 57.1%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the advantages of pedicled VRAM flap reconstruction of large soft-tissue defects after high or total sacrectomy using the anterior-posterior approach. This choice of reconstruction is better than direct wound closure in terms of wound infection, length of drainage, and total length of stay.

Single-cell profiling of the microenvironment in human bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Bone metastasis is of common occurrence in renal cell carcinoma with poor prognosis, but no optimal treatment approach has been established for bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma. To explore the potential therapeutic targets for bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma, we profile single cell transcriptomes of 6 primary renal cell carcinoma and 9 bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We also include scRNA-seq data of early-stage renal cell carcinoma, late-stage renal cell carcinoma, normal kidneys and healthy bone marrow samples in the study to better understand the bone metastasis niche. The molecular properties and dynamic changes of major cell lineages in bone metastatic environment of renal cell carcinoma are characterized. Bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma is associated with multifaceted immune deficiency together with cancer-associated fibroblasts, specifically appearance of macrophages exhibiting malignant and pro-angiogenic features. We also reveal the dominance of immune inhibitory T cells in the bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma which can be partially restored by the treatment. Trajectory analysis showes that myeloid-derived suppressor cells are progenitors of macrophages in the bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma while monocytes are their progenitors in primary tumors and healthy bone marrows. Additionally, the infiltration of immune inhibitory CD47+ T cells is observed in bone metastatic tumors, which may be a result of reduced phagocytosis by SIRPA-expressing macrophages in the bone microenvironment. Together, our results provide a systematic view of various cell types in bone metastatic renal cell carcinoma and suggest avenues for therapeutic solutions.

Pressure-Modulated Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional FeTe: Tetragonal and Hexagonal Polymorphs.

Two-dimensional (2D) Fe chalcogenides with their rich structures and properties are highly desirable for revealing the torturous transition mechanism of Fe chalcogenides and exploring their potential applications in spintronics and nanoelectronics. Hydrostatic pressure can effectively stimulate phase transitions between various ordered states, allowing one to successfully plot a phase diagram for a given material. Herein, the structural evolution and transport characteristics of 2D FeTe were systematically investigated under extreme conditions by comparing two distinct symmetries, i.e., tetragonal (t) and hexagonal (h) FeTe. We found that t-FeTe presented a pressure-induced transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a ferromagnetic state at ∼3 GPa, corresponding to the tetragonal collapse of the layered structure. Contrarily, the ferromagnetic order of h-FeTe was retained up to 15 GPa, which was evidently confirmed by electrical transport and Raman measurements. Furthermore, T-P phase diagrams for t-FeTe and h-FeTe were mapped under delicate critical conditions. Our results can provide a unique platform to elaborate the extraordinary properties of Fe chalcogenides and further develop their applications.

Prediction and related genes of cancer distant metastasis based on deep learning.

Cancer metastasis is one of the main causes of cancer progression and difficulty in treatment. Genes play a key role in the process of cancer metastasis, as they can influence tumor cell invasiveness, migration ability and fitness. At the same time, there is heterogeneity in the organs of cancer metastasis. Breast cancer, prostate cancer, etc. tend to metastasize in the bone. Previous studies have pointed out that the occurrence of metastasis is closely related to which tissue is transferred to and genes. In this paper, we identified genes associated with cancer metastasis to different tissues based on LASSO and Pearson correlation coefficients. In total, we identified 45 genes associated with bone metastases, 89 genes associated with lung metastases, and 86 genes associated with liver metastases. Through the expression of these genes, we propose a CNN-based model to predict the occurrence of metastasis. We call this method MDCNN, which introduces a modulation mechanism that allows the weights of convolution kernels to be adjusted at different positions and feature maps, thereby adaptively changing the convolution operation at different positions. Experiments have proved that MDCNN has achieved satisfactory prediction accuracy in bone metastasis, lung metastasis and liver metastasis, and is better than other 4 methods of the same kind. We performed enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis on bone metastasis-related genes, and found multiple pathways and GO terms related to bone metastasis, and found that the abundance of macrophages and monocytes was the highest in patients with bone metastasis.

miR-375 Attenuates The Migration and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting MMP13 / 生物化学与生物物理进展

ObjectiveTo explore whether miR-375 regulates the malignant characteristics of osteosarcoma (OS) by influencing the expression of MMP13. MethodsPlasmid DNAs and miRNAs were transfected into OS cells and HEK293 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the expression of miR-375 and MMP13 in OS patients and OS cells. Western blot was performed to analyze the MMP13 protein in the patients with OS and OS cells. The targeting relationship between miR-375 and MMP13 was analyzed by luciferase assay. Migration and invasion were analysed by heal wound and transwell assays, respectively. ResultsmiR-375 expression in OS tissues was lower than that in normal tissues. The expression of MMP13 was upregulated in OS tissues. MMP13 expression was negatively correlated withmiR-375 expression in patients with OS. Migration and invasion were significantly inhibited in OS cells with the miR-375 mimic compared with OS cells with the miRNA control. MMP13 partially reversed the inhibition of migration and invasion induced by miR-375 in the OS cells. ConclusionmiR-375 attenuates migration and invasion by downregulating the expression of MMP13 in OS cells.

The Effect and Mechanism of Mitophagy on Insulin Resistance / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Mitophagy, a highly precise form of autophagy, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by selectively targeting and eliminating damaged mitochondria through a process known as mitophagy. Within this tightly regulated mechanism, dysfunctional mitochondria are specifically delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Disruptions in mitophagy have been implicated in a diverse range of pathological conditions, spanning diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, cancer, aging, and metabolic syndrome. The elucidation of mitophagy’s impact on cardiovascular disorders, liver diseases, metabolic syndromes, immune dysfunctions, inflammatory conditions, and cancer has significantly advanced our understanding of the complex pathogenesis underlying these conditions. These studies have shed light on the intricate connections between dysfunctional mitophagy and disease progression. Among the disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance (IR) stands out as a prominent condition linked to metabolic disorders. IR is characterized by a diminished response to normal levels of insulin, necessitating higher insulin levels to trigger a typical physiological reaction. Hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disturbances often coexist with IR, primarily due to defects in insulin signal transduction. Oxidative stress, stemming from mitochondrial dysfunction, exerts dual effects in the context of IR. Initially, it disrupts insulin signaling pathways and subtly contributes to the development of IR. Additionally, by inducing mitochondrial damage and autophagy, oxidative stress indirectly impedes insulin signaling pathways. Consequently, mitophagy acts as a protective mechanism, encapsulating damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This efficient process eliminates excessive oxidative stress reactive. The intricate interplay between mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and IR represents a captivating field of investigation in the realm of metabolic disorders. By unraveling the underlying complexities and comprehending the intricate relationships between these intertwined processes, researchers strive toward uncovering novel therapeutic strategies. With a particular focus on mitochondrial quality control and the maintenance of redox homeostasis, these interventions hold tremendous potential in mitigating IR and enhancing overall metabolic health. Emerging evidence from a myriad of studies has shed light on the active involvement of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Notably, interventions such as exercise, drug therapies, and natural products have been documented to induce mitophagy, thereby exerting beneficial effects on metabolic health through the activation of diverse signaling pathways. Several pivotal signaling molecules, including AMPK, PINK1/Parkin, BNIP3/Nix, and FUNDC1, have been identified as key regulators of mitophagy and have been implicated in the favorable outcomes observed in metabolic disorders. Of particular interest is the unique role of PINK1/Parkin in mitophagy compared to other proteins involved in this process. PINK1/Parkin exerts influence on mitophagy through the ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins. Conversely, BNIP3/Nix and FUNDC1 modulate mitophagy through their interaction with LC3, while also displaying certain interrelationships with each other. In this comprehensive review, our objective is to investigate the intricate interplay between mitophagy and IR, elucidating the relevant signaling pathways and exploring the treatment strategies that have garnered attention in recent years. By assimilating and integrating these findings, we aim to establish a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles and intricate mechanisms by which mitophagy influences IR. This endeavor, in turn, seeks to provide novel insights and serve as a catalyst for further research in the pursuit of innovative treatments targeting IR.

Toxicity and Mechanism of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Testis / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is currently one of the most widely used plasticizers, widely found in all kinds of items, such as children’s toys and food packaging materials, but also added to wallpaper, cable protective agents and other building decoration materials. DEHP is toxic and absorbed by the human body through respiratory tract, digestive tract and skin contact, which can cause damage to multiple systems, especially the male reproductive system, and testis is an important target organ. Oxidative stress injury is the core mechanism of spermatogenesis disorder caused by DEHP. DEHP exposure can cause oxidative stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in germ cells, and on this basis, promote cell apoptosis or cause excessive autophagy. The toxicity of DEHP to Leydig cells is mainly to interfere with the synthesis of steroid hormones. For Sertoli cells, ferroptosis and destruction of the blood-testis barrier are common injury mechanisms. In addition, gene methylation caused by DEHP not only affects the spermatogenic process, but also has epigenetic effects on offspring. In this paper, we reviewed the pathological damage, germ cell toxicity and epigenetic effects of DEHP on testis, and focused on the damage and molecular mechanism on testicular spermatogenic cells, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. Future research is required to elucidate the body’s clearance mechanism and treatment plan after exposure to DEHP and whether DEHP will damage the function of myoid cells. It is hoped that this can provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of male reproductive disorders resulting from long-term exposure to plastic products.

Phase-Modulated Elastic Properties of 2D Magnetic FeTe: Hexagonal and Tetragonal Polymorphs.

2D layered magnets, such as iron chalcogenides, have emerged these years as a new family of unconventional superconductors and provided the key insights to understand the phonon-electron interaction and pairing mechanism. Their mechanical properties are of strategic importance for the potential applications in spintronics and optoelectronics. However, there is still a lack of efficient approach to tune the elastic modulus despite the extensive studies. Herein, the modulated elastic modulus of 2D magnetic FeTe and its thickness-dependence is reported via phase engineering. The grown 2D FeTe by chemical vapor deposition can present various polymorphs, that is tetragonal FeTe (t-FeTe, antiferromagnetic) and hexagonal FeTe (h-FeTe, ferromagnetic). The measured Young's modulus of t-FeTe by nanoindentation method shows an obvious thickness-dependence, from 290.9 ± 9.2 to 113.0 ± 8.7 GPa when the thicknesses increased from 13.2 to 42.5 nm, respectively. In comparison, the elastic modulus of h-FeTe remains unchanged. These results can shed light on the efficient modulation of mechanical properties of 2D magnetic materials and pave the avenues for their practical applications in nanodevices.

Current state and challenges of emerging biomarkers for immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review).

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, among patients diagnosed with advanced liver cancer, HCC has the sixth-highest incident rate, resulting in a poor prognosis. Surgery, radiofrequency ablation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the current treatment options available. Immunotherapy, which has emerged as an innovative treatment strategy over the past decade, is serving a vital role in the treatment of advanced liver cancer. Since only a small number of individuals can benefit from immunotherapy, biomarkers are required to help clinicians identify the target populations for this precision medicine. These biomarkers, such as PD-1/PD-L1, tumor mutational burden and circulating tumor DNA, can be used to investigate interactions between immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumors. The present review summarizes information on the currently available biomarkers used for immunotherapy and the challenges that are present.

Perspectives for immunotherapy of EBV-associated GLELC: A relatively "hot" tumor microenvironment.

BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (EBVaGLELC) represents a small number of gastric cancer (GC), and research on tumor microenvironment (TME) and treatment strategy are still lacking. AIMS: Here, we aim to elucidate the immune features of this rare disease and further help to develop more effective treatment options. MATERIALS & METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted between 2019 to 2022 in West China Hospital to reveal the immunological characteristics of EBV-positive GLELC. The difference of immune cell subset and tumor vascular structure between gastric denocarcinoma (GAC) and EBVaGLELC will be pointed out. DISCUSSION: 13 patients with GELEC and 8 patients with GAC were retrospectively studied. The heterogeneity of the immune cell profile was then confirmed through multiplexed immunofluorescence staining (mIF), which revealed a higher proportion of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Treg cells in the EBV-associated GLELC group. Such a distinct TME may provide therapeutic advantages, and patients with this rare subtype of GC could be good candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Angiogenesis in EBV-positive GLELC may be less intense than that in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), a feature that might decrease their susceptibility to antiangiogenic therapy. Furthermore, we reported a 52-year-old male with advanced EBV-positive GLELC who showed a favorable response to the combined therapy with . A repeat evaluation showed sustained partial response (PR), and the progression-free survival (PFS) was more than 34 months until now. CONCLUSION: Compared with GAC, EBVaGLELC revealed higher T cell infiltration and less intense of angiogenesis. It displays relatively "hot" TME that may provide the rationality to treat with immunotherapy in EBV-related GLELC.

Implant failure and revision strategies after total spondylectomy for spinal tumors.

Background: Although there have been several risk factors reported for implant failure (IF), little consensus exists. Potential applicable measures to protect patients from IF are relatively few. This study aimed to discover new risk factors for IF and explore potential protective measures from IF after total spondylectomy for spinal tumors. Methods: A total of 145 patients undergoing total spondylectomy for thoracic and lumbar spinal tumors between 2010 and 2021 were included from three tertiary university hospitals. Patient demographic and surgical characteristics and follow-up outcomes were collected. Results: During a mean follow-up of 53.77 months (range, 12 to 149 months), 22 of 145 patients (15.17%) developed IF. Patients undergoing thoracolumbar junctional region (T12/L1) resection were more likely to develop IF compared to those undergoing surgery at other vertebral levels (HR = 21.622, 95% CI = 3.567-131.084, P = 0.001). Patients undergoing titanium mesh cage reconstruction were more likely to develop IF compared to patients undergoing expandable titanium cage reconstruction (HR = 8.315, 95% CI = 1.482-46.645, P = 0.016). Patients with bone cement augmentation around the cage were less likely to develop IF compared to those not receiving bone cement augmentation (HR = 0.015, 95% CI = 0.002-0.107, P < 0.001). Of the 22 patients with IF, 14 (63.63%) accepted personalized revision surgery. Conclusion: The use of an expandable cage and the use of bone cement augmentation around the anterior column support cage are protective measures against IF after total spondylectomy.

Diatomite-Templated Synthesis of Single-Atom Cobalt-Doped MoS2 /Carbon Composites to Boost Sodium Storage.

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and single-atom catalysts (SACs) are promising electrodes for energy conversion/storage because of the layered structure and maximum atom utilization efficiency. However, the integration of such two type materials and the relevant sodium storage applications remain daunting challenges. Here, an ingenious diatomite-templated synthetic strategy is designed to fabricate single-atom cobalt-doped MoS2 /carbon (SA Co-MoS2 /C) composites toward the high-performance sodium storage. Benefiting from the unique hierarchical structure, high electron/sodium-ion conductivity, and abundant active sites, the obtained SA Co-MoS2 /C reveals remarkable specific capacity (≈604.0 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 ), high rate performance, and outstanding long cyclic stability. Particularly, the sodium-ion full cell composed of SA Co-MoS2 /C anode and Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 cathode demonstrates unexpected stability with the cycle number exceeded 1200. The internal sodium storage mechanism is clarified with the aid of density functional theory calculations and in situ experimental characterizations. This work not only represents a substantial leap in terms of synthesizing SACs on 2D TMDCs but also provides a crucial step toward the practical sodium-ion battery applications.

Characterization of modified rice straw biochar in immobilizing Bacillus subtilis 168 and evaluation on its role as a novel agent for zearalenone-removal delivery.

Microbial remediation of environmental pollutants can be advanced by carrier based cells immobilization. Whereas the effects of microorganisms immobilized on biochar for removal of zearalenone (ZEN) still remain unknown. Herein, this work presented the characterization of rice straw biochar (RSB) around modification in immobilizing Bacillus subtilis 168 and the role in fighting ZEN in vitro. Specifically, 10% of RSB with pH 5 condition were optimal for bearing cells, where majority of cells loaded inside the pore and minority on surface with agglomeration or scattering status. Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-inclusion RSB showed better performances including over 93% of ZEN detoxification rate (32.48% in free cells), cells preservation, and stability of detoxification in simulated gastrointestinal environment. RSB treated with sulphuric acid made nutrients adsorption generally less than 6.5%. No residues of α-ZEL and α-ZAL were found in ZEN biotransformation process whether by free cells or composites. Mechanism discussion implied that predominant monolayer chemisorption by RSB and subsequent biodegradation by extracellular enzymes from microorganism involved in ZEN-removal process. Collectively, these findings contribute to provide an applying strategy for coordination of biochar and microorganisms as potentially mycotoxin detoxifying agent in agricultural feed bioremediation and environmental decontamination processes.

Bridging Synthesis and Controllable Doping of Monolayer 4 in. Length Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Single Crystals with High Electron Mobility.

Epitaxial growth and controllable doping of wafer-scale atomically thin semiconductor single crystals are two central tasks to tackle the scaling challenge of transistors. Despite considerable efforts are devoted, addressing such crucial issues simultaneously under 2D confinement is yet to be realized. Here, an ingenious strategy to synthesize record-breaking 4 in. length Fe-doped transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) single crystals on industry-compatible c-plane sapphire without special miscut angle is designed. Atomically thin transistors with high electron mobility (≈146 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) and remarkable on/off current ratio (≈109 ) are fabricated based on 4 in. length Fe-MoS2 single crystals, due to the ultralow contact resistance (≈489 Ω µm). In-depth characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of Fe significantly decreases the formation energy of parallel steps on sapphire surfaces and contributes to the edge-nucleation of unidirectional alignment TMDCs domains (>99%). This work represents a substantial leap in terms of bridging synthesis and doping of wafer-scale 2D semiconductor single crystals, which should promote the further device downscaling and extension of Moore's law.