RESUMEN
Glass waveguides are the fundamental component of advanced photonic circuits and play a pivotal role in diverse applications, including quantum information processing, light generation, imaging, data storage, and sensing platforms. Up to date, the fabrication of glass waveguides relies mainly on demanding chemical processes or on the employment of expensive ultrafast laser equipment. In this work, we demonstrate an advanced, simple, low-temperature, postmelting encapsulation procedure for the development of glass waveguides. Specifically, silver iodide phosphate glass microwires (MWs) are drawn from splat-quenched glasses. These MWs are then incorporated in a controlled manner within transparent silver phosphate glass matrices. The judicious selection of glass compositions ensures that the refractive index of the host phosphate glass is lower than that of the embedded MWs. This facilitates the propagation of light inside the encapsulated higher refractive index MWs, leading to the facile development of waveguides. Importantly, we substantially enhance the light transmission within the MWs by leveraging the plasmon resonance effects due to the presence of silver nanoparticles spontaneously generated owing to the silver iodide phosphate glass composition. Employing this innovative approach, we have successfully engineered waveguide devices incorporating either one or two MWs. Remarkably, the dual MW devices are capable of transmitting light of different colors and in multipath direction, rendering the developed waveguides outstanding candidates for extending the functionalities of diverse photonic and optoelectronic circuits, as well as in intelligent signaling applications in smart glass technologies.
RESUMEN
Our dependence on finite fossil fuels and the insecure energy supply chains have stimulated intensive research for sustainable technologies. Upcycling glycerol, produced from biomass fermentation and as a biodiesel formation byproduct, can substantially contribute in circular carbon economy. Here, we report glycerol's solvent-free and room-temperature conversion to high-added-value chemicals via a reusable graphene catalyst (G-ASA), functionalized with a natural amino acid (taurine). Theoretical studies unveil that the superior performance of the catalyst (surpassing even homogeneous, industrial catalysts) is associated with the dual role of the covalently linked taurine, boosting the catalyst's acidity and affinity for the reactants. Unlike previous catalysts, G-ASA exhibits excellent activity (7508 mmol g-1 h-1) and selectivity (99.9%) for glycerol conversion to solketal, an additive for improving fuels' quality and a precursor of commodity and fine chemicals. Notably, the catalyst is also particularly active in converting oils to biodiesel, demonstrating its general applicability.
RESUMEN
Reduction of nitroaromatics to the corresponding amines is a key process in the fine and bulk chemicals industry to produce polymers, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyes. However, their effective and selective reduction requires high temperatures and pressurized hydrogen and involves noble metal-based catalysts. Here we report on an earth-abundant, plasmonic nano-photocatalyst, with an excellent reaction rate towards the selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. With solar light as the only energy input, the chalcopyrite catalyst operates through the combined action of hot holes and photothermal effects. Ultrafast laser transient absorption and light-induced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies have unveiled the energy matching of the hot holes in the valence band of the catalyst with the frontier orbitals of the hydrogen and electron donor, via a transient coordination intermediate. Consequently, the reusable and sustainable copper-iron-sulfide (CuFeS2) catalyst delivers previously unattainable turnover frequencies, even in large-scale reactions, while the cost-normalized production rate stands an order of magnitude above the state of the art.