OBJECTIVE: To perform a qualitative evaluation of the analgesic effects of magnesium in domestic animals, including its anaesthetic sparing effects. STUDY DESIGN: All database searches were made using PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies published after 1990, evaluating the use of magnesium and reporting information on analgesia, in dogs, cats, horses, cows, goats and sheep were selected (last search in August 2023). A reference check in the selected papers was performed to identify any study which was omitted. The CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach was used to assess confidence and analyse the evidence. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies relevant to the analgesic effects of magnesium in veterinary patients and two reviews were included. All were published after 2006. Of the 20, five studies provided information about analgesia in the postoperative period in dogs with heterogenous results. Magnesium added epidurally increased the duration of the sensory block in several species. Motor block was also observed when added to spinal analgesia. Results regarding volatile agents sparing effect were conflicting. Occasional moderate adverse effects were reported in dogs, such as nausea and vomiting, when administered as a bolus in conscious animals, and hypotension when administered intraperitoneally. Collapse was reported in horses after epidural administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The evidence of an analgesic effect of magnesium in veterinary patients remains scarce considering the paucity and low quality of published data. Further research may be helpful to establish the efficacy and indications of magnesium in multimodal analgesia in animals.
Analgesia , Cat Diseases , Cattle Diseases , Dog Diseases , Horse Diseases , Hypotension , Sheep Diseases , Humans , Female , Animals , Dogs , Cats , Cattle , Horses , Sheep , Magnesium/therapeutic use , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Pain, Postoperative/veterinary , Analgesia/methods , Analgesia/veterinary , Hypotension/veterinary , Analgesics/therapeutic use
Anaphylaxis/veterinary , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Cattle Diseases/chemically induced , Thiazines/adverse effects , Thiazoles/adverse effects , Anaphylaxis/chemically induced , Anaphylaxis/pathology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Female , Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary , Meloxicam , Thiazines/administration & dosage , Thiazoles/administration & dosage
A traumatic pneumothorax and severe hemorrhage were present in a mare with a large thoracic wall defect, lung perforation, and multiple rib fractures. General anesthesia was induced to allow surgical exploration. We describe the anesthetic technique, and discuss the management of the ventilatory, hemodynamic, and metabolic disturbances encountered.
Anesthesia/veterinary , Horses/injuries , Pneumothorax/veterinary , Rib Fractures/veterinary , Thoracic Injuries/veterinary , Anesthesia/methods , Animals , Fatal Outcome , Female , Hemodynamics/physiology , Hemorrhage/metabolism , Hemorrhage/surgery , Hemorrhage/veterinary , Horse Diseases/metabolism , Horse Diseases/surgery , Horses/surgery , Pneumothorax/metabolism , Pneumothorax/surgery , Rib Fractures/metabolism , Rib Fractures/surgery , Thoracic Injuries/metabolism , Thoracic Injuries/surgery