Predicting intradialytic hypotension in critically ill patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis: a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Hypotension during dialysis arises from vasomotor tone alterations and hypovolemia, with disrupted counterregulatory mechanisms in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients. This study investigated the predictive value of preload dependency, assessed by the passive leg raising (PLR) test, and arterial tone, measured by dynamic elastance (Eadyn), for intradialytic hypotension (IDH). METHODS: In this prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary hospital ICU, hemodynamic parameters were collected from critically ill AKI patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis using the FloTrac/Vigileo system. Baseline measurements were recorded before KRT initiation, including the PLR test and Eadyn calculation. IDH was defined as mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 65 mmHg during dialysis. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of IDH, and Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed 90-day survival. RESULTS: Of 187 patients, 27.3% experienced IDH. Preload dependency, identified by positive PLR test, was significantly associated with IDH (OR 8.54, 95% CI 5.25-27.74), while baseline Eadyn was not predictive of IDH in this cohort. Other significant predictors of IDH included norepinephrine use (OR 16.35, 95% CI 3.87-68.98) and lower baseline MAP (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-1.00). IDH and a positive PLR test were associated with lower 90-day survival (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The PLR test is a valuable tool for predicting IDH in critically ill AKI patients undergoing KRT, while baseline Eadyn did not demonstrate predictive value in this setting. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring, including assessment of preload dependency, may optimize patient management and potentially improve outcomes. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and develop targeted interventions to prevent IDH.

DNA methylation impacts soybean early development by modulating hormones and metabolic pathways.

Genomic DNA methylation patterns play a crucial role in the developmental processes of plants and mammals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the significant effects of epigenetic mechanisms on the development of soybean seedlings and metabolic pathways. Our analyses show that 5-azaC-treatment affects radicle development from two Days After Imbibition (DAI), as well as both shoot and root development. We examined the expression levels of key genes related to DNA methylation and demethylation pathways, such as DRM2, which encodes RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) pathway, SAM synthase, responsible for methyl group donation, and ROS1, a DNA demethylase. In treated seedling roots, we observed an increase in DRM2 expression and a decrease in ROS1 expression. Additionally, 5-azaC treatment altered protein accumulation, indicating epigenetic control over stress response while inhibiting nitrogen assimilation, urea cycle, and glycolysis-related proteins. Furthermore, it influenced the levels of various phytohormones and metabolites crucial for seedling growth, such as ABA, IAA, ethylene, polyamines (PUT and Cad), and free amino acids, suggesting that epigenetic changes may shape soybean responses to pathogens, abiotic stress, and nutrient absorption. Our results assist in understanding how hypomethylation shapes soybean responses to pathogens, abiotic stress, and nutrient absorption crucial for seedling growth, suggesting that the plant's assimilation of carbon and nitrogen, along with hormone pathways, may be influenced by epigenetic changes.

Physico-chemical characterization of acid base disorders in patients with COVID-19: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Acid-base imbalance has been poorly described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Study by the quantitative acid-base approach may be able to account for minor changes in ion distribution that may have been overlooked using traditional acid-base analysis techniques. In a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients, we looked for an association between metabolic acidosis surrogates and worse clinical outcomes, such as mortality, renal dialysis, and length of hospital stay. AIM: To describe the acid-base disorders of critically ill COVID-19 patients using Stewart's approach, associating its variables with poor outcomes. METHODS: This study pertained to a retrospective cohort comprised of adult patients who experienced an intensive care unit stay exceeding 4 days and who were diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection through a positive polymerase chain reaction analysis of a nasal swab and typical pulmonary involvement observed in chest computed tomography scan. Laboratory and clinical data were obtained from electronic records. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test. Continuous data were presented as median and interquartile range. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons. RESULTS: In total, 211 patients were analyzed. The mortality rate was 13.7%. Overall, 149 patients (70.6%) presented with alkalosis, 28 patients (13.3%) had acidosis, and the remaining 34 patients (16.2%) had a normal arterial pondus hydrogenii. Of those presenting with acidosis, most had a low apparent strong ion difference (SID) (20 patients, 9.5%). Within the group with alkalosis, 128 patients (61.0%) had respiratory origin. The non-survivors were older, had more comorbidities, and had higher Charlson's and simplified acute physiology score 3. We did not find severe acid-base imbalance in this population. The analyzed Stewart's variables (effective SID, apparent SID, and strong ion gap and the effect of albumin, lactate, phosphorus, and chloride) were not different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Alkalemia is prevalent in COVID-19 patients. Although we did not find an association between acid-base variables and mortality, the use of Stewart's methodology may provide insights into this severe disease.

A MaxEnt Model of Citrus Black Fly Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) under Different Climate Change Scenarios.

The citrus blackfly (CBF), Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, is an exotic pest native to Southeast Asia that has spread rapidly to the world's main centers of citrus production, having been recently introduced to Brazil. In this study, a maximum entropy niche model (MaxEnt) was used to predict the potential worldwide distribution of CBF under current and future climate change scenarios for 2030 and 2050. These future scenarios came from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), SSP1-2.6, and SSP5-8.5. The MaxEnt model predicted the potential distribution of CBF with area under receiver operator curve (AUC) values of 0.953 and 0.930 in the initial and final models, respectively. The average temperature of the coldest quarter months, precipitation of the rainiest month, isothermality, and precipitation of the driest month were the strongest predictors of CBF distribution, with contributions of 36.7%, 14.7%, 13.2%, and 10.2%, respectively. The model based on the current time conditions predicted that suitable areas for the potential occurrence of CBF, including countries such as Brazil, China, the European Union, the USA, Egypt, Turkey, and Morocco, are located in tropical and subtropical regions. Models from SSP1-2.6 (2030 and 2050) and SSP5-8.5 (2030) predicted that suitable habitats for CBF are increasing dramatically worldwide under future climate change scenarios, particularly in areas located in the southern US, southern Europe, North Africa, South China, and part of Australia. On the other hand, the SSP5-8.5 model of 2050 indicated a great retraction of the areas suitable for CBF located in the tropical region, with an emphasis on countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and India. In general, the CMIP6 models predicted greater risks of invasion and dissemination of CBF until 2030 and 2050 in the southern regions of the USA, European Union, and China, which are some of the world's largest orange producers. Knowledge of the current situation and future propagation paths of the pest serve as tools to improve the strategic government policies employed in CBF's regulation, commercialization, inspection, combat, and phytosanitary management.

Early motor development: risk factors for delay in a population study in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors associated with motor development delay at three months of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with mothers and their three-month-old babies in Southern Brazil. The Bayley-III Scale of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were used to assess motor development. RESULTS: We evaluated 756 mothers and their three-month-old babies. The overall mean motor development assessed by the BSID-III and the AIMS was 104.7 (SD 13.5) and 55.4 (SD 25.4), respectively. When assessed by the BSID-III, the lowest motor development scores were among babies born by cesarean delivery (p = 0.002), prematurely (p < 0.001), and with low birth weight (p < 0.001). When assessed by the AIMS, babies born prematurely (p = 0.002) and with low birth weight (p=0.004) had the lowest motor development means. After a cluster analysis, we found that babies born by cesarean delivery, with low birth weight, and prematurely had more impaired motor development compared with children born without any risk factors. CONCLUSION: Identifying risk factors allows the implementation of early interventions to prevent motor development delay and, therefore, reduce the probability of other future problems.

Giants of the Amazon: How does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees?

For more than three decades, major efforts in sampling and analyzing tree diversity in South America have focused almost exclusively on trees with stems of at least 10 and 2.5 cm diameter, showing highest species diversity in the wetter western and northern Amazon forests. By contrast, little attention has been paid to patterns and drivers of diversity in the largest canopy and emergent trees, which is surprising given these have dominant ecological functions. Here, we use a machine learning approach to quantify the importance of environmental factors and apply it to generate spatial predictions of the species diversity of all trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) and for very large trees (dbh ≥ 70 cm) using data from 243 forest plots (108,450 trees and 2832 species) distributed across different forest types and biogeographic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The diversity of large trees and of all trees was significantly associated with three environmental factors, but in contrasting ways across regions and forest types. Environmental variables associated with disturbances, for example, the lightning flash rate and wind speed, as well as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, tend to govern the diversity of large trees. Upland rainforests in the Guiana Shield and Roraima regions had a high diversity of large trees. By contrast, variables associated with resources tend to govern tree diversity in general. Places such as the province of Imeri and the northern portion of the province of Madeira stand out for their high diversity of species in general. Climatic and topographic stability and functional adaptation mechanisms promote ideal conditions for species diversity. Finally, we mapped general patterns of tree species diversity in the Brazilian Amazon, which differ substantially depending on size class.

Screen time: Implications for early childhood cognitive development.

BACKGROUND: Exposure and introduction to digital media, especially in children, are a current cause for concern. The negative links associated with early screen exposure are extensive. AIMS: To evaluate the association between the time of exposure to a screen in children at 18 months of age and cognitive development in a population-based sample in Southern Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study corresponding to the fourth wave of a population-based cohort study with pregnant women and later, their children living in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. SUBJECTS: The sample consisted of 470 children who completed the cognitive assessment. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development - Third Edition (BSID-III). Exposure to screen time was assessed using a questionnaire completed by the primary caregiver. RESULTS: Of the total, 58.8 % of the children had ≥1 h of screen time per day and the average on the cognitive scale of the entire sample was 96.1 (SD = 14.0). Cognitive development was lower in children whose mothers had lower levels of education (CI 95 % -4.9; -2.1), where boys (CI 95 % 3.2; 8.4) and in children exposed to 2 h or more of screen time/day (CI 95 % -3.6; -0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to screens may have a significant negative association with children's cognitive development and, therefore, we seek to intervene and to give advice to parents and guardians about the true impact of digital media. Further studies are necessary to consolidate the findings and to disclose information on the topic.

Cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and osteoinductive profile of an MTA-hydrogel-based cement: An in vitro and animal study.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and osteoinductive profile of a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-hydrogel-based material (MTA Flow) in comparison with MTA Angelus. METHODOLOGY: Cell viability was evaluated in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) using the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) colourimetric assay. Polyethylene tubes containing the tested materials and empty polyethylene tubes (control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats. Cellular (lymphocyte infiltration) and extracellular events (ECM; collagen fibres) were analysed in histological sections. Immunohistochemical (collagen I, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, bone morphogenetic protein4) analyses were also performed. RESULTS: At 24, 48 and 72 h, all tested groups showed cell viability similar to control (p > .05). Regarding biocompatibility, all groups showed similar cellular events represented by a slight inflammatory reaction characterized by hyperaemia and a mild lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. The analysis of lymphocytes during the time showed a decrease in these cells in the control group and a significant interaction between MTA Angelus and control (p < .001), with MTA Angelus showing a more extensive inflammatory infiltrate. Regarding fibres, an increase in content was observed in all groups during the experimental time (7, 30 and 60 days), however, no difference was detected among the experimental groups (p = .063). After 60 days, the immunoexpression of bone matrix proteins in the MTA Flow group was similar to or higher than that observed in the MTA Angelus and in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: MTA Flow showed a non-cytotoxic behaviour, biocompatibility and ability to stimulate tissue mineralization.

Corrigendum: Schistosoma mansoni coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (SmCARM1) effect on parasite reproduction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1079855.].

Schistosoma mansoni coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (SmCARM1) effect on parasite reproduction.

Introduction: The human blood fluke parasite Schistosoma mansoni relies on diverse mechanisms to adapt to its diverse environments and hosts. Epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in gene expression regulation, culminating in such adaptations. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) promote posttranslational modifications, modulating the function of histones and non-histone targets. The coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1/PRMT4) is one of the S. mansoni proteins with the PRMT core domain. Methods: We carried out in silico analyses to verify the expression of SmPRMTs in public datasets from different infection stages, single-sex versus mixed-worms, and cell types. The SmCARM1 function was evaluated by RNA interference. Gene expression levels were assessed, and phenotypic alterations were analyzed in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. Results: The scRNAseq data showed that SmPRMTs expression is not enriched in any cell cluster in adult worms or schistosomula, except for Smcarm1 expression which is enriched in clusters of ambiguous cells and Smprmt1 in NDF+ neurons and stem/germinal cells from schistosomula. Smprmt1 is also enriched in S1 and late female germ cells from adult worms. After dsRNA exposure in vitro, we observed a Smcarm1 knockdown in schistosomula and adult worms, 83 and 69%, respectively. Smcarm1-knockdown resulted in reduced oviposition and no significant changes in the schistosomula or adult worm phenotypes. In vivo analysis after murine infection with Smcarm1 knocked-down schistosomula, showed no significant change in the number of worms recovered from mice, however, a significant reduction in the number of eggs recovered was detected. The ex vivo worms presented a significant decrease in the ovary area with a lower degree of cell differentiation, vitelline glands cell disorganization, and a decrease in the testicular lobe area. The worm tegument presented a lower number of tubercles, and the ventral sucker of the parasites presented a damaged tegument and points of detachment from the parasite body. Discussion: This work brings the first functional characterization of SmCARM1 shedding light on its roles in S. mansoni biology and its potential as a drug target. Additional studies are necessary to investigate whether the reported effects of Smcarm1 knockdown are a consequence of the SmCARM1-mediated methylation of histone tails involved in DNA packaging or other non-histone proteins.

Flagellin and mannitol modulate callose biosynthesis and deposition in soybean seedlings.

Callose is a polymer deposited on the cell wall and is necessary for plant growth and development. Callose is synthesized by genes from the glucan synthase-like family (GSL) and dynamically responds to various types of stress. Callose can inhibit pathogenic infection, in the case of biotic stresses, and maintain cell turgor and stiffen the plant cell wall in abiotic stresses. Here, we report the identification of 23 GSL genes (GmGSL) in the soybean genome. We performed phylogenetic analyses, gene structure prediction, duplication patterns, and expression profiles on several RNA-Seq libraries. Our analyses show that WGD/Segmental duplication contributed to expanding this gene family in soybean. Next, we analyzed the callose responses in soybean under abiotic and biotic stresses. The data show that callose is induced by both osmotic stress and flagellin 22 (flg22) and is related to the activity of ß-1,3-glucanases. By using RT-qPCR, we evaluated the expression of GSL genes during the treatment of soybean roots with mannitol and flg22. The GmGSL23 gene was upregulated in seedlings treated with osmotic stress or flg22, showing the essential role of this gene in the soybean defense response to pathogenic organisms and osmotic stress. Our results provide an important understanding of the role of callose deposition and regulation of GSL genes in response to osmotic stress and flg22 infection in soybean seedlings.

The protective role of postpartum resilience on anxiety rates of Brazilian mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic / O papel protetor da resiliência pós-parto nas taxas de ansiedade de mães brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: We evaluated the protective effect of postpartum resilience (measured before the pandemic onset) on the prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety symptoms during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The sample included 589 mothers from a longitudinal study in southern Brazil. Three months after delivery we assessed maternal resilience through the Resilience Scale (RS). The Generalized Anxiety Disorders 7-item (GAD-7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The prevalence of severe to moderate anxiety symptoms in this sample was 28.4% (95% CI: 25.0; 32.0). Resilience showed to be a protective factor against moderate to severe anxiety symptoms during the pandemic (OR: 0.98; p<0.001). Conclusions: The results showed that postpartum resilience is a factor associated with lower odds of a more intense manifestation of anxiety during pandemic periods. Thus, strengthening resilience by reinforcing appropriate coping strategies can prevent mental health problems.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliou-se o efeito protetor da resiliência pós-parto (medida antes do início da pandemia) sobre a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade moderados a graves durante a pandemia da doença por coronavírus (COVID-19). Métodos: A amostra incluiu 589 mães de um estudo longitudinal do Sul do Brasil. Três meses após o parto, avaliou-se a resiliência materna por meio da Resilience Scale (RS). O Generalized Anxiety Disorders 7-item (GAD-7) foi usado para medir os sintomas de ansiedade durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade moderados a graves nessa amostra foi de 28,4% (IC 95%: 25,0-32,0). A resiliência mostrou-se um fator protetor para os sintomas de ansiedade moderados a graves durante a pandemia (RC: 0,98; p<0,001). Conclusões: Os resultados revelaram que a resiliência pós-parto é um fator associado a menor chance de uma manifestação mais intensa da ansiedade durante os períodos pandêmicos. Dessa forma, fortalecer a resiliência, reforçando estratégias de enfrentamento apropriadas, pode prevenir problemas de saúde mental.

Early motor development: risk factors for delay in a population study in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess risk factors associated with motor development delay at three months of age. METHODS Cross-sectional study with mothers and their three-month-old babies in Southern Brazil. The Bayley-III Scale of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were used to assess motor development. RESULTS We evaluated 756 mothers and their three-month-old babies. The overall mean motor development assessed by the BSID-III and the AIMS was 104.7 (SD 13.5) and 55.4 (SD 25.4), respectively. When assessed by the BSID-III, the lowest motor development scores were among babies born by cesarean delivery (p = 0.002), prematurely (p < 0.001), and with low birth weight (p < 0.001). When assessed by the AIMS, babies born prematurely (p = 0.002) and with low birth weight (p=0.004) had the lowest motor development means. After a cluster analysis, we found that babies born by cesarean delivery, with low birth weight, and prematurely had more impaired motor development compared with children born without any risk factors. CONCLUSION Identifying risk factors allows the implementation of early interventions to prevent motor development delay and, therefore, reduce the probability of other future problems.

Major depressive episode in mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study in the Southern Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed individuals and families, causing adverse psychological effects, especially in young adults, women, and parents. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of current major depressive episode (CMDE) in mothers of preschoolers (up to five years old) and its associated stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic in a municipality in the Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with mothers. All mothers were interviewed by telephone call during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. Plus) to assess the presence of CMDE. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression. We evaluated 666 mothers. The prevalence of CMDE was 12.3%. Mothers with financial losses had 2.1 (95%CI: 1.3-3.4) more odds of presenting CMDE than those financially stable. We observed that financial losses were determinant for the higher prevalence of depression in mothers.

Methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBD) family evolution and conservation in plants.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that acts on cytosine residues. The methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins (MBD) are involved in the recognition of methyl-cytosines by activating a signaling cascade that induces the formation of heterochromatin or euchromatin, thereby regulating gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the evolution and conservation of MBD proteins in plants. First, we performed a genome-wide identification and analysis of the MBD family in common bean and soybean, since they have experienced one and two whole-genome duplication events, respectively. We found one pair of MBD paralogs in soybean (GmMBD2) has subfunctionalized after their recent divergence, which was corroborated with their expression profile. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that classes of MBD proteins clustered with human MBD. Interestingly, the MBD9 may have emerged after the hexaploidization event in eudicots. We found that plants and humans share a great similarity in MBDs' binding affinity in the mCpG context. MBD2 and MBD4 from different plant species have the conserved four amino acid residues -Arg (R), Asp (D), Tyr (Y) and Arg (R)- reported to be responsible for MBD-binding in the mCpG. However, MBD8, MBD9, MBD10, and MBD11 underwent substitutions in these residues, suggesting the non-interaction in the mCpG context, but a heterochromatin association as MBD5 and MBD6 from human. This study represents the first genome-wide analysis of the MBD gene family in eurosids I - soybean and common bean. The data presented here contribute towards understanding the evolution of MBDs proteins in plants and their specific binding affinity on mCpG site.

cis-Aconitic Acid, a Constituent of Echinodorus grandiflorus Leaves, Inhibits Antigen-Induced Arthritis and Gout in Mice.

cis-Aconitic acid is a constituent from the leaves of Echinodorus grandiflorus, a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil to treat inflammatory conditions, including arthritic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effect of cis-aconitic acid in murine models of antigen-induced arthritis and monosodium urate-induced gout. The possible underlying mechanisms of action was evaluated in THP-1 macrophages. Oral treatment with cis-aconitic acid (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg) reduced leukocyte accumulation in the joint cavity and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 and IL-1ß levels in periarticular tissue. cis-Aconitic acid treatment reduced joint inflammation in tissue sections of antigen-induced arthritis mice and these effects were associated with decreased mechanical hypernociception. Administration of cis-aconitic acid (30 mg/kg p. o.) also reduced leukocyte accumulation in the joint cavity after the injection of monosodium urate crystals. cis-Aconitic acid reduced in vitro the release of TNF-α and phosphorylation of IκBα in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages, suggesting that inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation was an underlying mechanism of cis-aconitic acid-induced anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, cis-aconitic acid has significant anti-inflammatory effects in antigen-induced arthritis and monosodium urate-induced arthritis in mice, suggesting its potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the joint in humans. Additionally, our findings suggest that this compound may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect previously reported for E. grandiflorus extracts.

Major depressive episode in mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study in the Southern Brazil / Episódio depressivo maior entre mães durante a pandemia da COVID-19: um estudo populacional no Sul do Brasil / Episodio depresivo mayor en madres durante la pandemia de COVID-19: un estudio de base poblacional en el sur de Brasil

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed individuals and families, causing adverse psychological effects, especially in young adults, women, and parents. This study aimed to verify the prevalence of current major depressive episode (CMDE) in mothers of preschoolers (up to five years old) and its associated stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic in a municipality in the Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with mothers. All mothers were interviewed by telephone call during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. Plus) to assess the presence of CMDE. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression. We evaluated 666 mothers. The prevalence of CMDE was 12.3%. Mothers with financial losses had 2.1 (95%CI: 1.3-3.4) more odds of presenting CMDE than those financially stable. We observed that financial losses were determinant for the higher prevalence of depression in mothers.

A pandemia da COVID-19 tem levado a mudanças em indivíduos e famílias, com efeitos psicológicos adversos, principalmente em adultos jovens, mulheres e pais e mães. O estudo buscou averiguar a prevalência de episódio depressivo maior atual (EDMA) em mães de pré-escolares (até 5 anos de idade) e estressores associados durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em uma cidade no Sul do Brasil. Este é um estudo transversal aninhado em um estudo de base populacional com mães. Todas as mães foram entrevistadas através de contato telefônico durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Os autores usaram a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. Plus) para avaliar a presença de EDMA. A análise estatística foi realizada, calculando o qui-quadrado e a regressão logística multivariada. Foram avaliadas 666 mães. A prevalência de EDMA foi de 12,3%. Mães com perdas financeiras apresentaram probabilidade 2,1 vezes maior (IC95%: 1,3-3,4) de apresentar EDMA, comparadas com aquelas que mantiveram a situação financeira. Com base nos resultados, os autores observaram que perdas financeiras foram determinantes para a prevalência maior de depressão materna.

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha provocado cambios en los individuos y las familias, causando efectos psicológicos adversos, especialmente en los adultos jóvenes, las mujeres y los padres y madres. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la prevalencia del episodio depresivo mayor actual (EDMA) en madres de preescolares (hasta 5 años) y sus estresores asociados durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en una ciudad del sur de Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal anidado en un estudio poblacional con madres. Todas las madres fueron entrevistadas mediante contacto telefónico durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se utilizó la Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. Plus) para evaluar la presencia de EDMA. El análisis estadístico se realizó calculando la prueba de chi-cuadrado y una regresión logística multivariante. Se evaluaron 666 madres. La prevalencia de EDMA fue del 12,3%. Las madres con pérdidas económicas tenían un 2,1 (IC95%: 1,3-3,4) más probabilidades de presentar EDMA que las que mantuvieron su situación económica. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados, observamos que las pérdidas económicas fueron determinantes para la mayor prevalencia de depresión materna.