SARS-CoV-2-Spike T-cell response after receiving one or two Wuhan-Hu-1-based mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in elderly nursing home residents.

The effect of COVID-19 booster vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 T-cell mediated immune responses in elderly nursing home residents has not been explored in depth. Thirty-nine elderly nursing home residents (median age, 91 years) were included, all fully vaccinated with mRNA vaccines. The frequency of and the integrated mean fluorescence (iMFI) for peripheral blood SARS-CoV-2-Spike reactive IFN-γ-producing CD4+ or CD8+ T cells before and after the first (Pre-3D and Post-3D) and second (Pre-4D and Post-4D) vaccine booster doses was determined using flow cytometry for an intracellular staining method. 3D increased significantly (p = 0.01) the percentage of participants displaying detectable SARS-CoV-2-T-cell responses compared with pre-3D (97% vs. 74%). The magnitude of the increase was statistically significant for CD8+ T cells (p = 0.007) but not for CD4+ T cells (p = 0.77). A trend towards higher frequencies of peripheral blood SARS-CoV-2-CD8+ T cells was observed post-3D compared with pre-3D (p = 0.06). The percentage of participants with detectable SARS-S-CoV-2 CD4+ T-cell responses decreased post-4D (p = 0.035). Following 4D, a nonsignificant decrease in the frequencies of both T cell subsets was noticed (p = 0.94 for CD8+ T cells and p = 0.06 for CD4+ T cells). iMFI data mirrored that of T-cell frequencies. The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ and CD4+ T cells following receipt of 3D and 4D were comparable across SARS-CoV-2-experienced and -naïve participants and between individuals receiving a homologous or heterologous vaccine booster. 3D increased the percentage of elderly nursing home residents displaying detectable SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses but had a marginal effect on T-cell frequencies. The impact of 4D on SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses was negligible; whether this was due to suboptimal priming or rapid waning could not be ascertained.

Performance of the Roche Elecsys® IGRA SARS-CoV-2 test for the detection and quantification of virus-reactive T cells in COVID-19-vaccinated immunosuppressed patients and healthy subjects.

PURPOSE: Comparing the performance of commercially available SARS-CoV-2 T-cell immunoassay responses may provide useful information for future observational or intervention studies as well as to their potential customers. METHOD: Whole blood was collected from a total of 183 subjects fully vaccinated against COVID-19: 55 healthy controls (Group 1), 50 hematological patients (Group 2), 50 chronic kidney disease patients (Group 3), and 28 elderly nursing home residents (Group 4). Samples were tested with the Roche Elecsys® IGRA (Interferon-gamma release assay) SARS-CoV-2 test (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), the Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 test (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany), the SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Analysis Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), and a flow-cytometry for intracellular cytokine (IFN-γ) staining-based immunoassay (FC-ICS). RESULTS: Overall, the Roche Elecsys® assay returned the highest number of positive results (151/179; 84.3%), followed by the Euroimmun test (127/183; 69%), and the FC-ICS (135/179; 75%). The Kappa coefficient of agreement was best between IGRAs (0.64). Most discordant results across assays involved patients from Group 2. Overall, IFN-γ concentrations measured by both IGRAs correlated strongly (rho = 0.78; 95% CI 0.71-0.84; P < 0.001) irrespective of the study group. The frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-reactive IFN-γ T cells and IFN-γ concentrations measured by the IGRAs correlated moderately for CD4+ T cells, however, weakly for CD8+ T cells. SARS-CoV-2-experienced participants displayed stronger responses than SARS-CoV-2-naïve when IGRAs, rather than FC-ICS, were used. CONCLUSION: The SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays evaluated in the present study did not return interchangeable qualitative or quantitative results either in seemingly healthy individuals or in immunosuppressed patients.

Evolución de la sintomatología autista de los 2 a los 4 años: un estudio de seguimiento / Evolution of autistic symptoms from two to four years: a follow-up study / Evolució de la simptomatologiaautistadels dos als quatre anys: un estudi de seguiment

La detección e intervención temprana en el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es de gran relevancia para su pronóstico y su evolución. El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar y detectar qué síntomas destacan como más significativos y cuáles son los que se mantienen en el tiempo. Se ha realizado un estudio longitudinal de tres años con una muestra clínica de 15 niños, de 24 a 47 meses de edad. Los síntomas han sido evaluados mediante los instrumentos ATA y ADI-R. Los resultados indican que las dimensiones detectadas en la escala ATA manipulación del ambiente, lenguaje y comunicación, hiper e hipoactividad, son las que presentan mayor estabilidad temporal. Las dimensiones restantes presentan menor estabilidad

Early detection and intervention in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is of great importance for prognosis and evolution. The article aims to highlight the importance of detection and early intervention. Specifically in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), difficulty in detection involves a delay in the onset of therapeutic intervention, and therefore affects their prognosis and devolution. The aim of the study to analyze and detect the symptoms that stand out as especially significant and determine which are maintained over time. We performed a three-year longitudinal study with a clinical sample of 15 children, aged from 24 to 47 months. ATA-scales and ADI-R were used to evaluate symptoms. The results indicate that of the dimensions measured on the ATA scale, the manipulation of the environment, difficulties in language and communication and hyper and hypoactivity are those that display the greatest degree of stability over time. The other symptoms show lesser stability

La detecció i interven­ció primerenca en el trastorn de l’espectre autista (TEA) és de gran rellevància pel seu pronòstic i evolució. El principal objectiu d’aquest estudi és analitzar i detectar quins símptomes destaquen com a més significatius i quins són els que es mantenen en el temps. S’ha realitzat un estudi longitudinal de tres anys amb una mostra clínica de 15 nens, de 24 a 47 mesos d’edat. Els símptomes han estat avaluats mitjançant els instruments ATA i ADI-R. Els resultats indiquen que les dimensions detectades a l’escala ATA manipulació de l’ambient, llenguatge i comunicació, hiper i hipoactivitat són les que presenten més estabilitat temporal. La resta de dimensions presenten menys estabilitat