Complicaciones en amigdalectomía con electrodisección y técnica clásica: servicio desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga / Electrodissection and classical tonsillectomy complications: servicio desconcentrado Hospital Pediatrico Dr. Agustin Zubillaga

La amigdalectomía es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos más frecuentes en la actualidad especialmente en edad pediátrica. Con el objetivo de determinar las complicaciones en amigdalectomía con electrodisección y técnica clásica en pacientes pediátricos que ingresaron al Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga en el año 2017, se realizó un estudio de recolección retrospectiva de datos seleccionando 119 historias clínicas, obteniendo que 73,95% de los casos fueron intervenidos por técnica de electrodisección y 26,05% por técnica clásica. Las principales indicaciones para cirugía fueron amigdalitis a repetición e hipertrofia amigdalina. Para ambas técnicas, el tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue entre 21-40 minutos (44,32% y 48,39%, respectivamente) y la estancia hospitalaria menor de un día en 54,55% y 61,29% de los casos, respectivamente. La principal complicación intraoperatoria reportada fue la hemorragia (29,03% para la técnica clásica y 15,91% para la técnica de electrodisección). Entre las complicaciones postoperatorias, el dolor (63,64%) y la fiebre (60,23%) prevaleció en pacientes operados con electrodisección mientras que en los pacientes con técnica clásica la más frecuente fue la fiebre (61,29%). Con estos resultados, se demuestra que ambas técnicas tienen similar tiempo quirúrgico y estancia hospitalaria, pero difieren en en tipo de complicaciones(AU)

Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in our times especially in pediatric age. In order to determine the complications of electrodissection and classical tonsillectomy in pediatric patients who were admitted at the Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga in 2017, a review of 119 medical charts was performed. The results show that 73.95% of the cases had electrodissection tonsillectomy and 26.05% had classical tonsillectomy. The main indications for surgery were recurrent tonsillitis (electrodissection: 86.09% and classical: 80.65%) and tonsillar hypertrophy (electrodissection: 60.23% and classical: 35.48%). For both techniques, the mean surgical time was between 21-40 minutes (44.32% and 48.39%, respectively) and the hospital stay was less than one day (54.55% and 61.29%, each). The main intraoperative complication reported was hemorrhage (29.03% for classical versus 15.91% for electrodissection). Among the postoperative complications, pain (63.64%) and fever (60.23%) prevailed in patients with electrodissection tonsillectomy while fever was most frequent in patients with classical tonsillectomy (61.29%). These results show that both techniques have similar surgical time and hospital stay but differ in type of complications(AU)

Ejercicio tradicional de la partería frente a su profesionalización: estudio de caso en Jalisco, México / The traditional practice of midwifery and its professionalization: a case study in Jalisco, México / Exercício tradicional do partejo frente a sua profissionalização: estudo de caso em Jalisco, México

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el estado de la partería en Jalisco, México, frente al proceso de profesionalización. Metodología: Estudio de caso, realizado desde junio de 2011 a julio de 2013 en tres momentos: I. Entrevistas a profundidad con 20 parteras, II. Cuatro asambleas regionales con 44 parteras, III. Una asamblea estatal con 136 parteras, personal de salud y otros actores sociales, retomando técnicas educativas populares. Los datos cualitativos fueron analizados bajo el modelo actancial semiótico y los datos sociodemográficos de parteras en Epi Info 7, realizando una meta-inferencia con ambos hallazgos. Resultados: 180 parteras informantes, 89% de zona rural, media de edad 56 años, 73% con estudios de secundaria o menos, 95% son parteras tradicionales, adoptando esta práctica desde la adolescencia, capacitándose en instituciones de salud y entre las mismas parteras; 16.7% estudiaron enfermería buscando posicionamiento institucional, sin dejar de ser parteras. Actualmente otorgan atención materno-infantil y a nosologías tradicionales, aludiendo abandono institucional. Existen posturas de rechazo y aceptación de su incorporación al sector salud en médicos y enfermeras, mientras que otros actores sociales, piden su reconocimiento. Conclusiones: la partería en Jalisco, México, es una práctica tradicional vital, con o sin reconocimiento institucional, transformándose en respuesta a necesidades de atención, teniendo que considerar el perfil sociodemográfico de las parteras, su papel actual, la perspectiva del personal de salud y otros actores sociales, junto con la estrecha relación sociocultural y económica del país, frente a su profesionalización.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the status of midwifery in Jalisco, Mexico and its professionalization process. Methodology: a case study conducted from June 2011 to July 2013 in three stages: I. in-depth interviews with 20 midwives, II. four regional assemblies with 44 midwives, and III. a state assembly with 136 midwives, health care staff and other social actors. The three stages employed popular educational techniques. In addition, qualitative data were analyzed using the actantial semiotic model, and the midwives' sociodemographic data were processed in Epi Info 7. Finally, a meta-inference was performed with the findings from both datasets. Results: a total of 180 midwives participated in the study, 89% of which operate in rural areas. The average age was 56, and 73% of the midwives had secondary education or less. Moreover, 95% of them were traditional midwives who adopted this practice since their adolescence and received training from health care providing institutions and from other midwives. In addition, 16.7% studied nursing in order to obtain positions in institutions while remaining midwives. They currently provide care for mothers and children as well as for patients with traditional nosologies. They also mention that they suffer institutional neglect. Among doctors and nurses, there are positions of rejection and acceptance regarding their inclusion in the health sector, while other social actors request their acknowledgement. Conclusions: midwifery in Jalisco, Mexico, is a traditional and vital practice with or without institutional recognition. It is an answer to the need for health care. Likewise, it is necessary to consider the socio-demographic profile of midwives, their current role, the views of the health care staff and other social actors and the close cultural and economic relationship of the Country regarding its professionalization.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o estado do partejamento em Jalisco, México, frente ao processo de profissionalização. Métodos: Estudo de caso, realizado desde junho 2011 ao julho 2013 em três momentos: I. Entrevistas em profundidade com 20 parteiras, II. Quatro assembleias regionais com 44 parteiras, III. Uma assembléia estadual com 136 parteiras, funcionários da saúde e outros atores sociais, na retomada das técnicas educacionais populares. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados sob o padrão actancial semiótico e os dados sociais demográficos de parteiras em Epi Info 7, realizando uma meta-inferência com ambos achados. Resultados: 180 parteiras informantes, 89% de zona rural, media de idade 56 anos, 73% com estudos da secundaria ou menos, 95% são parteiras tradicionais, adotando esta prática desde a adolescência, capacitando-se em instituições de saúde e entre as mesmas parteiras; 16.7% estudaram enfermagem procurando posicionamento institucional, sem deixar de ser parteiras. Atualmente outorgam atenção materno-infantil e as nosologías tradicionais, aludindo abandono institucional. Existem posições de rejeito e aceitação da sua incorporação ao setor saúde nos médicos e enfermeiras, entanto que outros atores sociais, pedem o seu reconhecimento. Conclusões: O partejo em Jalisco, México, é uma prática tradicional vital, com ou sem reconhecimento institucional, transformando-se em resposta as necessidades de atenção, tendo que considerar o perfil social demográfico das parteiras, o seu papel atual, a perspectiva dos funcionários da saúde e outros atores sociais, junto com a estreita relação sociocultural e financeira do país, frente a sua profissionalização.

Dietary administration of ß-1,3/1,6-glucan and probiotic strain Shewanella putrefaciens, single or combined, on gilthead seabream growth, immune responses and gene expression.

It is widely known that ß-glucans and probiotic bacteria are good immunostimulants for fish. In the present work we have evaluated the dietary effect of ß-1,3/1,6-glucan (isolated from Laminarina digitata) and Pdp 11 (Shewanella putrefaciens, probiotic isolated from gilthead seabream skin), single or combined, on growth, humoural (seric level of total IgM antibodies and peroxidase and antiprotease activities) and cellular innate immune response (peroxidase and phagocytic activities of head-kidney leucocytes), as well as the expression of immune-related genes in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Four treatment groups were established: control (non-supplemented diet), Pdp 11 (10(9) cfu g(-1)), ß-1,3/1,6-glucan (0.1%) and ß-1,3/1,6-glucan + Pdp 11 (0.1% and 10(9) cfu g(-1), respectively). Fish were sampled after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of feeding. Interestingly, all supplemented diets produced increments in the seabream growth rates, mainly the Pdp 11-suplemented diet. Overall, Pdp 11 dietary administration resulted in decreased serum IgM levels and peroxidase activity. However, the seric antiprotease activity was increased in fish fed with both supplements together. Furthermore, ß-1,3/1,6-glucan and combined diet increased phagocytic activity after 2 or 4 weeks. At gene level, IL-1ß and INFγ transcripts were always up-regulated in HK but only the interleukin reached significance after 4 weeks in the group fed with ß-glucan. On the contrary, IgM gene expression tended to be down-regulated being significant after 1 week in seabream specimens fed with ß-glucan or ß-glucan plus Pdp 11. These results suggest that ß-1,3/1,6-glucan and Pdp 11 modulate the immune response and stimulates growth of the gilthead seabream, one of the species with the highest rate of production in Mediterranean aquaculture.

Transicion de la red telefonica analogica a red digital del area local de Riberalta

El proyecto de transicion de la red telefonica analogica a red digital del area local de Riberalta, que es la capital de provincia Vaca Diez del departamento de Beni, se encuentra al noreste de la republica de Bolivia. El desarrollo economico y el crecimiento demografico de la region de Riberalta daban las bases para los estudios y calculos del analisis del mercado, los que demuestran los beneficios de la sustitucion del servicio telefonico por las ventajas tecnicas que ofrece la tecnologia digital, este mejoramiento de servicio era fundamental para atender los requerimientos de usuarios en las nuevas areas. El sistema telefonico en particular dentro del servicio de las telecomunicaciones es muy importante para una mejor comercializacion rapida, y comunicacion industrial tecnico y sociales los beneficios de este proyecto son para la poblacion de Riberalta. Ademas el cambio a sistema digital representa la solucion a tres principales requerimientos de la poblacion aparte de los beneficios colaterales que trae consigo el servicio de telecomunicaciones como ser: La capacidad final en la red de cabes, demanda insatisfecha de lineas telefonicas y por el congestionamiento de los troncales salientes y entrantes de las llamadas nacionales e internacionales.