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1.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; : 1-13, 2024 Jun 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38860747

RESUMEN

Colorectal cancer incidence (CRC) is influenced by dietary factors, yet the impact of diet on CRC-specific mortality and recurrence-free survival (RFS) remains unclear. This review provides a narrative summary of existing research on dietary factors affecting CRC-specific mortality, RFS, and disease-free survival (DFS). This study searched electronic databases to identify cross-sectional/prospective research investigating dietary intake on CRC-specific mortality, RFS, or DFS. Twenty-eight studies were included in the corpus. Because of high study heterogeneity, we performed a narrative synthesis of studies. Limited, but suggestive evidence indicates beneficial effects of adhering to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines and a plant rich low-carbohydrate diet on risk of CRC-specific mortality, potentially driven by fiber from cereals, vegetables, and wholegrains, but not fruit. For RFS and DFS, a Western dietary pattern, high intake of refined grains, and sugar sweetened beverages correlated with increased risk of CRC recurrence and development of disease/death. Conversely, greater adherence to the ACS dietary and alcohol guidelines, higher ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dark fish consumption reduced risk. Our findings underscore the need for (i) standardized investigations into diet's role in CRC survivorship, including endpoints, and (ii) comprehensive analyses to isolate specific effects within correlated lifestyle components.

2.
Eur J Nutr ; 2024 Mar 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430450

RESUMEN

Human dietary patterns are a major cause of environmental transformation, with agriculture occupying ~ 50% of global land space, while food production itself is responsible for ~ 30% of all greenhouse gas emissions and 70% of freshwater use. Furthermore, the global population is also growing, such that by 2050, it is estimated to exceed ~ 9 billion. While most of this expansion in population is expected to occur in developing countries, in high-income countries there are also predicted changes in demographics, with major increases in the number of older people. There is a growing consensus that older people have a greater requirement for protein. With a larger and older population, global needs for protein are set to increase. This paper summarises the conclusions from a Rank Prize funded colloquium evaluating novel strategies to meet this increasing global protein need.

3.
Appetite ; 196: 107259, 2024 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38341037

RESUMEN

The role of ghrelin metabolism in anorexia of ageing is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine acyl-ghrelin, total ghrelin, and ghrelin O-acyltransferase concentrations when fasted and in responses to feeding in older adults exhibiting anorexia of ageing. Twenty-five older adults (OA; 15f, 74 ± 7 years, 24.5 kg·m-2) and twelve younger adults (YA; 6f, 21 ± 2 years, 24.4 kg·m-2) provided a fasted measure of subjective appetite and fasted blood sample (0 min) before consuming a standardised porridge breakfast meal (450 kcal). Appetite was measured every 30 min for 240 min and blood was sampled at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min while participants rested. At 240 min, an ad libitum pasta-based lunch meal was consumed. Older adults were identified as those with healthy appetite (HA-OA) or low appetite (LA-OA), based on habitual energy intake, self-report appetite, BMI, and ad libitum lunch intake. YA ate more at lunch (1108 ± 235 kcal) than HA-OA (653 ± 133 kcal, p = 0.007) and LA-OA (369 ± 168 kcal; p < 0.001). LA-OA, but not HA-OA, had higher fasted concentrations of acyl- and total ghrelin than YA (acyl-ghrelin: 621 ± 307 pg·mL-1 vs. 353 ± 166 pg·mL-1, p = 0.047; total ghrelin: 1333 ± 702 pg·mL-1 vs. 636 ± 251 pg·mL-1, p = 0.006). Acyl-ghrelin (60 min and 90 min) and total ghrelin (90 min) were suppressed to a greater extent for LA-OA than for YA (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in subjective appetite, acyl-to-total ghrelin ratio, or plasma GOAT content (p > 0.1). Higher fasting ghrelin and an augmented ghrelin response to feeding in LA-OA, but not HA-OA, suggests that alterations to ghrelin metabolism are not functions of ageing per se and may be independent causal mechanisms of anorexia of ageing.


Asunto(s)
Anorexia , Ghrelina , Humanos , Anciano , Glucemia/metabolismo , Apetito/fisiología , Ayuno/fisiología , Envejecimiento , Ingestión de Energía , Aciltransferasas , Estudios Cruzados
4.
Inflamm Bowel Dis ; 2023 Oct 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37889841

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Risk stratification of subjects with a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) into those likely to relapse and those who will remain quiescent continues to be a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate whether certain proteomic signature profiles or biomarkers during remission are associated with future disease relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Endoscopic rectal samples from patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission at index endoscopy were collected, as well as samplers from normal control individuals. The patients were stratified to early relapsers (ERs) if they developed clinical signs of UC flare within 6 months of index endoscopy or nonrelapsers (NRs) if there was no relapse after 36 months of follow-up. The pooled rectal samples from ERs, NRs, and control individuals were subjected to nano-liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry as per standard iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) workflow methodology. Selected proteomics-yielded candidates were subjected to orthogonal validation via immunoblotting, in a biomarker discovery exercise. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were included, of whom 8 had clinical relapse within 6 months from the index endoscopy, and 43 patients had no clinical symptoms of relapse within the 36-month follow-up period. Ten patients who had clinical signs of relapse between 6 and 36 months were excluded. Seventeen control individuals were also included. Soluble proteomics analyses between ERs, NRs, and control individuals revealed a series of upregulated and downregulated proteins. Following orthogonal validation, upregulated TRX (P = .001) and IGHA1 (P = .001) were observed in ERs relative to NRs. CONCLUSIONS: Several novel candidate tissue biomarkers have been identified in this study, which could discriminate patients with UC at risk of early relapse from those in long-term sustained remission. Our findings may pave the way for pre-emptive UC disease monitoring and therapeutic decision making.


This study aimed to investigate if certain proteins (biomarkers) could predict whether patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) would have a disease relapse. Rectal samples were collected from UC patients who were in remission and from healthy individuals. The patients were categorised into two groups: those who had a flare-up within 6 months (early relapsers) and those who did not have a relapse after 36 months (non-relapsers). Using proteomics methodology, it was found that certain proteins were more common in the early relapsers compared to the non-relapsers and healthy individuals. Two proteins, TRX and IGHA1, were significantly higher in the early relapsers. These proteins could potentially be used as markers to identify UC patients who are at risk of having an early relapse. This could help monitoring UC patients more effectively and making better treatment decisions.

5.
J Clin Gastroenterol ; 57(9): 937-944, 2023 10 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36731090

RESUMEN

GOALS: The aim of this study is to assess the spatial relationship between index and metachronous colorectal adenoma location. BACKGROUND: After the complete excision of a human sporadic colorectal adenoma, patients are at elevated risk of developing a further metachronous adenoma. Data regarding the occurrence site of a metachronous colorectal adenoma relative to the index adenoma are scarce. STUDY: Prospectively maintained databases were interrogated to identify all colonoscopies and adenoma excisions performed over a 10-year period at a single university teaching hospital. Data for the colonic segments at which adenoma removal were reported at index and all subsequent colonoscopies were extracted and 2 allied data sets merged. RESULTS: A total of 15,121 colonoscopies and 4759 polyp events were recorded. Four hundred fifty-two patients [296 male, 156 female, median (range) age 75 (32 to 100) y] developed at least 1 metachronous adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy. When single index events only are considered (ie, synchronous adenoma cases excluded), over 61% of metachronous adenomas were recorded in the same or an adjacent colonic segment. When the full span of the colon is considered, metachronous adenomas were more likely to occur in a section of the colon proximal to that of the index adenoma (41%±5%) than the same (39%±5%) or distal segment (20%±5%; P =0.006; 1-way χ 2 test). CONCLUSIONS: A metachronous human sporadic colorectal adenoma is more likely to be found in the same colonic segment to that of the index adenoma or 1 immediately adjacent. These data suggest a shared origin of metachronous adenoma with preceding lesions, supporting the existence of precancerous fields.


Asunto(s)
Adenoma , Pólipos del Colon , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/epidemiología , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Colonoscopía , Pólipos del Colon/patología , Adenoma/patología , Factores de Riesgo
6.
Proc Nutr Soc ; 82(1): 58-62, 2023 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36503526

RESUMEN

The 2nd Nutrition and Cancer Networking Meeting 'Nutrition and Breast Cancer: Translating Evidence into Practice' was held at Newcastle University in May 2022, with support from the Nutrition Society and British Association for Cancer Research. The first meeting in this series was held in Sheffield in 2019. The aim of this joint meeting was to bring together researchers with an interest in nutrition and breast cancer, with the programme spanning topics from risk and prevention to nutrition during treatment and beyond. Several key themes emerged, including the importance of engaging patients in the development of interventions and trials, making trials more accessible to diverse communities; training of clinical staff in nutrition and latest evidence; wider range of compounds should be considered in food composition tables; and alternative trial designs can be considered for prevention research to reduce financial burden and increase power.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/prevención & control , Alimentos
7.
J Nutr Sci ; 11: e100, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36405091

RESUMEN

Adequate dietary protein intake is important in human subjects for maintaining muscle turnover, determining the protein content of tissues and thus the preservation of muscle mass and function as we age. A screening tool to assess if an older individual is likely to have a lower dietary protein intake (predicted probability of protein intake ≤1⋅0 g/kg per d), has been developed for a Netherlands dietary profile, but this has not been validated in a UK population. This study aimed to adapt and then validate the protein screening tool for use in a UK population. Amendment of the tool was undertaken using data from UK BioBank and the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey to reflect protein sources in the UK diet. Validation of the amended version of the protein screener screening tool was conducted using protein intake derived from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in a sample of UK adults (n = 184) (age range 18-91 years) as the reference standard. Using the FFQ, 40 % of respondents (n = 74) reported a protein intake of ≤1⋅0 g per kg body mass. The discriminative accuracy of the amended screener was tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curve for the ROC was 0⋅731 (95 % CI 0⋅657, 0⋅805), indicating that the amended screener may be a valid tool to screen for individuals consuming ≤1⋅0 g/kg adjusted BM/d in an adult UK population. This protein screener tool is a potential method to screen individuals with a likelihood of habitually consuming protein intakes of ≤1⋅0 g/kg per d. Further validation is needed using a more robust dietary intake methodology and for specific groups, such as older adults. The screener may be applicable across healthcare, clinical and research applications.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Proteínas en la Dieta , Humanos , Anciano , Adulto , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Encuestas Nutricionales , Reino Unido
9.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(4)2022 Feb 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35216078

RESUMEN

Metastasising cells express the intermediate filament protein vimentin, which is used to diagnose invasive tumours in the clinic. We aimed to clarify how vimentin regulates the motility of metastasising fibroblasts. STED super-resolution microscopy, live-cell imaging and quantitative proteomics revealed that oncogene-expressing and metastasising fibroblasts show a less-elongated cell shape, reduced cell spreading, increased cell migration speed, reduced directionality, and stronger coupling between these migration parameters compared to normal control cells. In total, we identified and compared 555 proteins in the vimentin interactome. In metastasising cells, the levels of keratin 18 and Rab5C were increased, while those of actin and collagen were decreased. Inhibition of HDAC6 reversed the shape, spreading and migration phenotypes of metastasising cells back to normal. Inhibition of HDAC6 also decreased the levels of talin 1, tropomyosin, Rab GDI ß, collagen and emilin 1 in the vimentin interactome, and partially reversed the nanoscale vimentin organisation in oncogene-expressing cells. These findings describe the changes in the vimentin interactome and nanoscale distribution that accompany the defective cell shape, spreading and migration of metastasising cells. These results support the hypothesis that oncogenes can act through HDAC6 to regulate the vimentin binding of the cytoskeletal and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion components that contribute to the defective motility of metastasising cells.


Asunto(s)
Movimiento Celular/fisiología , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patología , Vimentina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Animales , Adhesión Celular/fisiología , Forma de la Célula/fisiología , Uniones Célula-Matriz/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Oncogenes/fisiología
10.
Calcif Tissue Int ; 110(3): 273-284, 2022 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34870723

RESUMEN

The human microbiota functions at the interface between diet, medication-use, lifestyle, host immune development and health. It is therefore closely aligned with many of the recognised modifiable factors that influence bone mass accrual in the young, and bone maintenance and skeletal decline in older populations. While understanding of the relationship between micro-organisms and bone health is still in its infancy, two decades of broader microbiome research and discovery supports a role of the human gut microbiome in the regulation of bone metabolism and pathogenesis of osteoporosis as well as its prevention and treatment. Pre-clinical research has demonstrated biological interactions between the microbiome and bone metabolism. Furthermore, observational studies and randomized clinical trials have indicated that therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota by oral administration of probiotics may influence bone turnover and prevent bone loss in humans. In this paper, we summarize the content, discussion and conclusions of a workshop held by the Osteoporosis and Bone Research Academy of the Royal Osteoporosis Society in October, 2020. We provide a detailed review of the literature examining the relationship between the microbiota and bone health in animal models and in humans, as well as formulating the agenda for key research priorities required to advance this field. We also underscore the potential pitfalls in this research field that should be avoided and provide methodological recommendations to facilitate bridging the gap from promising concept to a potential cause and intervention target for osteoporosis.


Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Microbiota , Osteoporosis , Probióticos , Animales , Huesos/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Osteoporosis/metabolismo , Osteoporosis/prevención & control , Probióticos/uso terapéutico
11.
Eur J Nutr ; 61(1): 299-308, 2022 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34328539

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Several small trials suggest a benefit of vitamin D supplementation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The generalisability of these reports is limited by their design and scale. This study aimed to assess whether vitamin D supplementation improved IBS symptoms in a UK community setting. METHODS: This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Participants were recruited from the community in winter months between December 2017 and March 2019. 135 participants received either vitamin D (3,000 IU p.d.) or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was change in IBS symptom severity; secondary outcomes included change in IBS-related quality of life. RESULTS: The participants were analysed on an intent-to-treat basis. 60% of participants were vitamin D deficient or insufficient at baseline. Although vitamin D levels increased in the intervention arm relative to placebo (45.1 ± 32.88 nmol/L vs 3.1 ± 26.15 nmol/L; p < 0.001). There was no difference in the change of IBS symptom severity between the active and placebo trial arms (- 62.5 ± 91.57 vs - 75.2 ± 84.35, p = 0.426) over time. Similarly there was no difference between trial arms in τhe change in quality of life (- 7.7 ± 25.36 vs - 11.31 ± 25.02, p = 0.427). CONCLUSIONS: There is no case for advocating use of vitamin D in the management of IBS symptoms. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency suggests routine screening and supplementation should be implemented in this population for general health reasons. This trial was retrospectively registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN13277340) on 24th April 2018 after recruiting had been initiated.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome del Colon Irritable , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Suplementos Dietéticos , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/tratamiento farmacológico , Calidad de Vida , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vitamina D , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico
12.
Semin Cell Dev Biol ; 128: 103-111, 2022 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34481710

RESUMEN

The colon mucosa is lined with crypts of circa 300 cells, forming a continuous barrier whose roles include absorption of water, recovery of metabolic energy sources (notably short chain fatty acids), secretion of a protective mucus barrier, and physiological signalling. There is high turnover and replenishment of cells in the mucosa, disruption of this may lead to bowel pathologies including cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Keratins have been implicated in the processes of cell death, epithelial integrity, response to inflammation and as a result are often described as guardians of the colonic epithelium. Keratin proteins carry extensive post-translational modifications, the cofactors for kinases, acetyl transferases and other modification-regulating enzymes are themselves products of metabolism. A cluster of studies has begun to reveal a bidirectional relationship between keratin form and function and metabolism. In this paper we hypothesise a mechanistic interaction between keratins and metabolism is governed through regulation of post-translational modifications and may contribute significantly to the normal functioning of the colon, placing keratins at the centre of a nutrition-metabolism-health triangle.


Asunto(s)
Colon , Queratinas , Recto , Colon/fisiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiología , Queratinas/fisiología , Recto/fisiología
13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34610925

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Adequate bowel preparation is a prerequisite for effective colonoscopy. Split bowel preparation results in optimal cleansing. This study assessed the bowel preparation regimes advised by endoscopy units across the UK, and correlated the differences with outcomes. METHODS: Trusts in the UK were surveyed, with data requested between January 2018 and January 2019, including: the type and timing of preparation, pre-endoscopy diet, adequacy rates and polyp detection. Trusts were grouped according to the timing of bowel preparation. χ2 test was used to assess for differences in bowel preparation adequacy. RESULTS: Moviprep was the first line bowel preparation in 79% of trusts. Only 7% of trusts advised splitting bowel preparation for all procedures, however, 91% used split bowel preparation for afternoon procedures. Trusts that split preparation for all procedures had an inadequacy rate of 6.7%, compared with 8.5% (p<0.001) for those that split preparation for PM procedures alone and 9.5% (p<0.001) for those that provided day before preparation for all procedures. Morning procedures with day-before preparation had a higher rate of inadequate cleansing than afternoon procedures that received split preparation (7.7% vs 6.5 %, p<0.001). The polyp detection rate for procedures with adequate preparation was 37.1%, compared with 26.4% for those that were inadequate. CONCLUSION: Most trusts in the UK do not provide instructions optimising the timing of bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. This correlated with an increased rate of inadequate cleansing. Splitting bowel preparation is likely to reduce the impacts of poor cleansing: missed lesions, repeat colonoscopies and significant costs.


Asunto(s)
Catárticos , Colonoscopía , Dieta , Intestinos , Reino Unido
14.
Cells ; 10(8)2021 08 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34440777

RESUMEN

Vitamin D and cholesterol metabolism overlap significantly in the pathways that contribute to their biosynthesis. However, our understanding of their independent and co-regulation is limited. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and atherosclerosis, the pathology associated with elevated cholesterol, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to understand vitamin D metabolism as a contributory factor. From the literature, we compile evidence of how these systems interact, relating the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved to the results from observational studies. We also present the first systems biology pathway map of the joint cholesterol and vitamin D metabolisms made available using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) Markup Language (SBGNML). It is shown that the relationship between vitamin D supplementation, total cholesterol, and LDL-C status, and between latitude, vitamin D, and cholesterol status are consistent with our knowledge of molecular mechanisms. We also highlight the results that cannot be explained with our current knowledge of molecular mechanisms: (i) vitamin D supplementation mitigates the side-effects of statin therapy; (ii) statin therapy does not impact upon vitamin D status; and critically (iii) vitamin D supplementation does not improve cardiovascular outcomes, despite improving cardiovascular risk factors. For (iii), we present a hypothesis, based on observations in the literature, that describes how vitamin D regulates the balance between cellular and plasma cholesterol. Answering these questions will create significant opportunities for advancement in our understanding of cardiovascular health.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/metabolismo , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Animales , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Dislipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , Humanos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Modelos Biológicos , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Biología de Sistemas , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología
15.
Nutrients ; 13(5)2021 May 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34070014

RESUMEN

Ageing is associated with a reduction in muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia. Dietary protein is important for the maintenance of muscle mass through the promotion of muscle protein synthesis. However, protein is also reported to be a highly satiating nutrient. This raises concerns that protein intake for musculoskeletal health reasons in older adults may exacerbate age-related decreased appetite and may result in reduced energy and nutrient intake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term protein supplementation and its timing (morning vs. evening), on energy and nutrient intake and appetite measures in middle-older age adults. Twenty-four 50-75 year olds were recruited to a randomised cross-over trial. In phase 1 (pre-supplementation) participants completed a food diary and reported hunger and appetite on three alternate days. During the second and third phases, participants consumed a 20 g whey protein gel (78 mL/368 kJ), for four days, either in the morning (after breakfast) or the evening (before bed), whilst completing the same assessments as phase 1. No differences in dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients were recorded when comparing the pre-supplementation phase to the protein supplementation phases, irrespective of timing (excluding the contribution of the protein supplement itself). Similarly, no differences were observed in self-reported feelings of hunger and appetite. In conclusion, a 20 g/day whey protein supplement given outside of meal-times did not alter habitual dietary intakes, hunger or appetite in this middle-older age adult population in the short-term. This approach may be a useful strategy to increasing habitual protein intake in the middle-older age population.


Asunto(s)
Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína de Suero de Leche/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Estudios Cruzados , Registros de Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Hambre/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Comidas , Micronutrientes/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nutrientes/análisis , Factores de Tiempo
16.
Nutr J ; 19(1): 83, 2020 08 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32791968

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Our ability to understand population-level dietary intake patterns is dependent on having access to high quality data. Diet surveys are common diet assessment methods, but can be limited by bias associated with under-reporting. Food purchases tracked using supermarket loyalty card records may supplement traditional surveys, however they are rarely available to academics and policy makers. The aim of our study is to explore population level patterns of protein purchasing and consumption in ageing adults (40 years onwards). METHODS: We used diet survey data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2014-16) on food consumption, and loyalty card records on food purchases from a major high street supermarket retailer (2016-17) covering the UK. We computed the percentage of total energy derived from protein, protein intake per kg of body mass, and percentage of protein acquired by food type. RESULTS: We found that protein consumption (as the percentage of total energy purchased) increased between ages 40-65 years, and declined thereafter. In comparison, protein purchased in supermarkets was roughly 2-2.5 percentage points lower at each year of age. The proportion of adults meeting recommended levels of protein was lowest in age groups 55-69 and 70+. The time of protein consumption was skewed towards evening meals, with low intakes during breakfast or between main meals. Meat, fish and poultry dominated as sources of protein purchased and consumed, although adults also acquired a large share of their protein from dairy and bread, with little from plant protein. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides novel insights into how protein is purchased and consumed by ageing adults in the UK. Supermarket loyalty card data can reveal patterns of protein purchasing that when combined with traditional sources of dietary intake may enhance our understanding of dietary behaviours.


Asunto(s)
Comportamiento del Consumidor , Supermercados , Adulto , Anciano , Dieta , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reino Unido
17.
Proc Nutr Soc ; 79(3): 367-372, 2020 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32183926

RESUMEN

The Nutrition Society's 1st Annual Nutrition and Cancer Networking Conference brought together scientists from the fields of Nutrition, Epidemiology, Public Health, Medical Oncology and Surgery with representatives of the public, cancer survivors and cancer charities. Speakers representing these different groups presented the challenges to collaboration, how the needs of patients and the public can be met, and the most promising routes for future research. The conference programme promoted debate on these issues to highlight current gaps in understanding and barriers to generating and implementing evidence-based nutrition advice. The main conclusions were that the fundamental biology of how nutrition influences the complex cancer risk profiles of diverse populations needs to be better understood. Individual and population level genetics interact with the environment over a lifespan to dictate cancer risk. Large charities and government have a role to play in diminishing our current potently obesogenic environment and exploiting nutrition to reduce cancer deaths. Understanding how best to communicate, advise and support individuals wishing to make dietary and lifestyle changes, can reduce cancer risk, enhance recovery and improve the lives of those living with and beyond cancer.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Neoplasias , Estado Nutricional , Femenino , Comunicación en Salud , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Neoplasias/terapia , Factores de Riesgo
18.
Geriatrics (Basel) ; 5(1)2020 Feb 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32059533

RESUMEN

The current dietary recommendation for protein intake in the UK is 0.75 g/kg/day, however, this population-wide recommendation does not necessarily reflect altered requirements for older adults to maintain muscle protein synthesis, nor does it encompass the potential impact of intake timing. Optimal muscle protein synthesis in older adults requires both higher intake requirements and a distribution of protein intake above a 25 g threshold, three times across the day. This study aimed to describe the protein intake of older adults in a UK region and compare the results to recommendations. The study re-assessed two existing datasets with rich diet information for older adults in the South Yorkshire area. Data were extracted from food diaries of 256 adults aged between 65 and 89 years old (mean ± SD 72.4 ± 5.3 years). Quantity and timing of intake were coded using Nutritics software and compared to recommendations. The relationship between body mass index (BMI), age, and protein intake was explored. Fewer than 50% of the participants met current UK recommendations (0.75 g/kg/day) and fewer than 15% met the ESPEN 1.2 g/kg/day age-specific recommendation. Only one participant met the 25 g/meal recommendation across three meals. These findings suggest that the older adult population is not achieving recommendations to maintain muscle protein synthesis. Nonetheless it identifies several straightforward opportunities for improvement, notably elevation of morning intake.

19.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 73(12): 1630-1635, 2019 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31548595

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is critical for skeletal health, and is increasingly associated with other pathologies encompassing gastrointestinal, immunological and psychological effects. A significant proportion of the population exhibits suboptimal levels of vitamin D, particularly in Northern latitudes in winter. Supplementation is advocated, but few data are available on achievable or typical rates of change. There has been considerable interest in the potential use of sublingual sprays for delivery of nutrient supplements, but data on efficacy remain sparse. METHODS: A randomised, placebo-controlled, three-arm parallel design study was conducted in healthy volunteers (n = 75) to compare the rate of change of vitamin D status in response to vitamin D3 (3000 IU/day) supplementation in capsule and sublingual spray preparations over a 6-week period between January and April 2017. Blood 25(OH)D concentrations were measured after day 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days of supplementation with 3000 IU per diem. RESULTS: Baseline measurements show 25(OH)D deficiency (<30 nmol/l), insufficiency (31-46 nmol/l) and sufficiency (> 50 mmol/l) in 14.9, 44.6 and 40.5% of the participants, respectively. There was a significant elevation in blood concentrations of 25(OH)D in both of the treatment arms (capsule p = 0.003, spray p = 0.001) compared with control. The capsule and spray were equally efficacious. The rate of change ranged from 0.69 to 3.93 (capsule) and 0.64 to 3.34 (spray) nmol/L day with average change in blood 25(OH)D levels of 2 nmol/l/day. Rates followed a simple normal distribution in the study population (ks = 0.94 and 0.82 for capsule and spray, respectively). The data suggest that rates of change are higher in individuals with lower levels of 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS: A sublingual vitamin D spray is an effective mode of delivery for supplementation in a healthy population. The data provide reference values and ranges for the rate of change of 25(OH)D for nutrikinetic analyses.


Asunto(s)
Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , Vitamina D/farmacocinética , Administración Sublingual , Adolescente , Adulto , Cápsulas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Vaporizadores Orales , Vitamina D/sangre , Adulto Joven
20.
J Nutr ; 149(11): 2056-2064, 2019 11 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31198945

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Calorie for calorie, protein is more satiating than carbohydrate or fat. However, it remains unclear whether humans perceive calories derived from these macronutrients equally and whether lean mass is associated with a tendency to "value" protein when dietary decisions are made. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of a novel method for quantifying macronutrient valuations in human volunteers and to determine whether "protein valuation" is associated with a higher fat-free mass index (FFMI) in older adults. METHODS: A 2-alternative, forced-choice task in which 25 foods were compared in 300 trials was undertaken in 2 studies. In study 1, participants (age range 19-71 y, n = 92) attended 2 test sessions, spaced 1 wk apart. In study 2, older adults (age range 40-85 y; n = 91) completed the food-choice task and assessed the test foods for liking, expected satiety, and perceived healthiness. Body composition and habitual protein intake were assessed in both studies. Data were analyzed through the use of individual binomial logistic regressions and multilevel binomial logistic regressions. RESULTS: In study 1, measures of macronutrient valuation showed excellent test-retest reliability; responses in the forced-choice task were highly correlated (week 1 compared with week 2; protein, r = 0.83, P < 0.001; carbohydrate, r = 0.90, P < 0.001; fat, r = 0.90, P < 0.001). Calorie for calorie, protein and carbohydrate were stronger predictors of choice than fat (P < 0.001). In study 2, protein was a stronger predictor than both carbohydrate (P = 0.039) and fat (P = 0.003), and a positive interaction was observed between protein valuation and FFMI (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.38, 1.95; P < 0.001). This was the case after controlling for age, gender, liking for foods, and habitual protein consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings demonstrate that adult humans value calories derived from protein, carbohydrate, and fat differently, and that the tendency to value protein is associated with greater lean mass in older adults.


Asunto(s)
Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Preferencias Alimentarias/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Composición Corporal , Dieta Saludable/psicología , Ingestión de Energía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nutrientes/administración & dosificación , Valor Nutritivo , Percepción , Sarcopenia/etiología , Saciedad , Adulto Joven
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