Mutations in the osteoprotegerin-encoding gene are associated with temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate genetic variations in the osteoprotegerin-encoding gene (TNFRSF11B) in patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA). STUDY DESIGN: The sample comprised 17 patients diagnosed with TMJA, of both sexes with ages ranging from 6 to 57 years old. TNFRSF11B mutational analysis was performed using the Sanger sequencing method with DNA extracted from oral cells, and the functional impact prediction of the variants was assessed using bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS: Sequencing analysis identified 15 (88.23%) patients that presented at least 1 genetic variant in TNFRSF11B. The mutation rs202090603 (p.E33K) was found in 6 individuals, and rs140782326 (p.V281M), rs11573942 (p.L295), and rs1375250340 (p.I389T) were identified in 1 subject each. According to the pathogenicity potential of mutations, 3 variants were considered of low impact (rs2073618, rs202090603, and rs2228568) and 3 as disease causing (rs140782326, rs11573942, and rs1375250340). The variant rs202090603 (p.E33K) was found in the first cysteine domain with differences in the loop positions of p.E33K mutated the 3D structure of osteoprotegerin. CONCLUSION: Two polymorphisms (rs2073618 and rs2228568) and the mutations rs202090603 (p.E33K), rs140782326 (p.V281M), rs11573942 (p.L295), and rs1375250340 (p.I389T) in the TNFRSF11B gene may be associated with TMJA.

Effect of Age and Sodium Alendronate on Femoral Fracture Repair: Biochemical and Biomechanical Study in Rats.

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates are drugs widely used to reduce bone resorption, increase bone mineral density and control age-related bone loss. Although there are studies reporting differences in bone structure between young and old adults, it is still difficult to predict changes related to bone aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and sodium alendronate on bone repair of femoral fractures in rats. METHODS: Wistar rats (n = 40) were allocated into groups: O (control old-rats), Y (control young-rats), OA (alendronate old-rats) and YA (alendronate young-rats). All animals underwent linear fracture surgery followed by fixation. Groups OA and YA received 1 mg/kg alendronate three times a week until euthanasia. Biochemical analysis of calcium and alkaline phosphatase was done. After euthanasia, femurs were evaluated in relation to cross-section and flexural strength, with three-point bending test. Data were submitted to statistical analysis with significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: There was no difference in calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels (p > 0.05). Young animals presented lower cross-section than older animals (p < 0.05). Only fractured side, young animals presented major flexural strength than older animals (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the animals that used or not alendronate in relation to cross-section and flexural strength (p > 0.05). When compared fractured and non-fractured femurs, major cross-section on fractured side was observed (p < 0.05). Flexural strength presented higher values in femurs on non-fractured side (p < 0.05). There was correlation of weight and cross-section (R = +0.91) and weight with flexural strength of fractured and non-fractured side, respectively (R = -0.97 and -0.71). CONCLUSION: In short, there was no difference of calcium and alkaline phosphatase during the bone repair process. Age has influence in cross-section and flexural strength. Alendronate showed no association with these factors.

Eminectomia para tratamento de luxação recidivante da ATM / Eminectomy for treatment of recurrent TMJ dislocation

Introdução: A luxação da articulação temporomandibular ocorre quando a cabeça da mandíbula se movimenta para fora da fossa articular, fazendo com que a superfície posterior da cabeça da mandíbula fique à frente da eminência articular. Quando ocorrem episódios frequentes, essa condição é referida como luxação recidivante. Embora existam diferentes tratamentos, a eminectomia apresenta-se como uma opção cirúrgica com resultados satisfatórios e prognóstico favorável. Relato de caso: Este trabalho relata o caso de uma paciente com quadro severo de luxações recidivantes associadas à distonia muscular, tratada cirurgicamente por eminectomia. A paciente apresenta acompanhamento de 36 meses, estável, sem sintomatologia ou novos episódios de luxação. A abordagem multidisciplinar apresenta um alto índice de sucesso, e procedimentos cirúrgicos devem ser considerados quando procedimentos clínicos falham. Considerações finais: A eminectomia mostra bons resultados no tratamento da luxação recidivante de ATM, com chances mínimas de recidiva ou danos articulares. Após a cirurgia, os pacientes mostram uma boa função articular... (AU)

Introduction: Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint occurs when the jaw head moves out of the joint fossa causing the posterior surface of the jaw head to be ahead of the joint eminence. When they occur in frequent episodes, this condition is referred like relapsing dislocation. Although there are different treatments, eminectomy presents as a surgical option with satisfactory results and favorable prognosis. Case report: This paper reports the case of a patient with severe recurrent dislocations associated with muscular dystonia, treated through surgical treatment of eminectomy associated with a clinical treatment protocol. The patient has a 36-month followup, stable, without symptoms or new episodes of dislocation. The multidisciplinary approach has a high success rate and surgical procedures should be considered when clinical procedures fail. Final considerations: Eminectomy shows good results in the treatment of recurrent TMJ dislocation, with minimal chances of recurrence or joint damage. After surgery, patients show good joint function... (AU)

The Role of Marine Organic Extract in Bone Regeneration: A Pilot Study.

Novel biomaterials capable of accelerating the healing process of skeletal tissues are urgently needed in dentistry. The present in vivo study assessed the osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of experimental biphasic bioceramics (HA-TCP) modified or not by a nacre extract (marine organic extract, MOE) in a sheep model. Fabrication of MOE involved mixing ground nacre (0.05 g, particle sizes < 0.1 mm) with glacial ethanoic acid (5 mL, pH 7) for 72 hours using external magnetic stirring (25°C). Nonreactive carriers (sterile polythene tubes; 3/animal, radius: 2.5 mm, length: 10.0 mm) pertaining to the control (empty) or experimental groups (HA-TCP or MOE-modified HA-TCP) were implanted intramuscularly into the abdominal segment of the torso in sheep (n = 8, age: 2 years, weight: 45 kg). Euthanization of animals was performed at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Tissues harvested were subjected to macroscopic and radiographic assessments. Specimens were then stained for histological analysis. Both control and experimental animals were capable of inducing the neoformation of fibrous connective tissue at both time points where superior amounts of tissue formation and mineralization were detected for experimental groups (unaltered (at 3 and 6 mos) and MOE-modified HA-TCP (at 3 mos)). Histological results, however, revealed that mature bone formation was only observed for specimens fabricated with MOE-modified HA-TCP in a time-dependent manner. The present study has successfully demonstrated the in vivo utility of experimental biphasic bioceramics modified by MOE in an ectopic grafting sheep model. Promising osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties must be further developed and confirmed by subsequent research.

Traumatic myositis chondro-ossificans of masseter muscle associated with TGF-ß1, Indian Hegdehog, BMP2, osteopontin and osteocalcin upregulation: Case report.

Masseter traumatic myositis chondro-ossificans (TMCO) is a rare pathological condition that causes severe mandibular function restriction. The aim of the present study is to report a TMCO case after direct masseter muscle injury and correlate it to bone and cartilage biomarkers up-regulation. Caucasian male patient, 38 years old, seeks treatment nine days after trauma with severe mouth opening limitation. Physical examination revealed a circumscribed hardened area connected to masseter muscle on the left side. Cone beam tomography and ultrasonography of masseter region were requested. There was incomplete fracture between the posterior board of inferior jaw and coronoid process as well as calcification within masseter muscle. The proposed treatment was excisional biopsy of calcification, coronoid process removal to enhance mouth opening as well as incomplete condyle fracture monitoring. Material removed was sent for histological analysis in order to confirm diagnosis. Immuhistochemistry was conducted and it was found that chondro-ossification biomarkers such as TGF-b1, Indian Hegdehog (IHH), BMP2, osteopontin (OP) and osteocalcin (OC) were up-regulated. One-year follow-up showed that the patient is stable with increased mouth opening and satisfactory jaw movements. Pathologists and maxillofacial surgeons must be aware of differential diagnosis of TMCO. Understanding cellular mechanisms of muscle tissue after trauma is also important once cellular pathway modifications leads to clinical features that differ from previously described in literature.

Examination of OPG, RANK, RANKL and HIF1A polymorphisms in temporomandibular joint ankylosis patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between polymorphisms in genes that regulate bone metabolism, such as OPG, RANK, RANKL, and HIF1A, in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. METHODS: The sample consisted of 181 individuals, the study included 17 individuals with TMJ ankylosis and 164 controls. DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells. The genotyping of genetic polymorphisms in OPG (rs2073618), RANK (rs3826620), RANKL (rs9594738), and HIF1A (rs2301113 and rs2057482) was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan™ technology (Applied Biosystems). The data were subjected to statistical analysis with a level of significance of 0.05. RESULTS: The OPG (rs2073618) polymorphism was associated with TMJ ankylosis, both in the additive model and in the dominant model (p < 0.05). In the additive model, when the individuals carried the CC genotype, they presented as 10.80 times more likely to develop the condition (p = 0.03). In the dominant model, individuals that carried at least one C allele were 5.76 times more likely to have TMJ ankylosis, than those with the G allele (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The polymorphism rs2073618 of OPG is a possible marker that is associated with the risk of manifestation of TMJ ankylosis.

Mandibular condylar dimensions: Correlation between 3D tomography and dried skull measurements.

Objective Compare the anatomical dimensions of mandibular condyles with the same CBCT measurements. Methods Four landmarks were identified on the condyles of dried skulls and are measured with their corresponding areas in CBCT images: Right Width of Condyle (RW), Left Width of Condyle (LW), Right Length of Condyle (RL), and Left Length of Condyle (LL). Results With respect to direct measurements on the dry skulls, statistically significant differences were found between sexes (p < 0.001). When the real values were compared with the CBCT, it was observed that the bias depends on the magnitude of the measurement. It means that there is an underestimation for smaller values and an overestimation for larger values. Conclusion CBCT is reliable imaging modality, but when compared real measures of condyle length are more reliable then width.

Does orthognathic surgery improve myofacial pain in individuals with skeletal class III? One-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-seven patients undergoing surgery were evaluated by a trained examiner using Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria/TMD index, consecutively, at 3 different periods: 1 week before operation (T0), 6 months after operation (T1), and 1 year after operation (T2). Bivariate analyses were performed to compare the evaluation periods (P < .05). RESULTS: The prevalence of TMD in the sampled patients from T0 to T1 decreased from 30 (63.8%) to 22 (46.8%) (P = .021). Even in T2, the prevalence of TMD remained lower than that in T0, at 21 (44.7%) diagnosed patients (P = .049). The reported frequencies of myofascial pain and headache were lower in T1 and T2 than in T0 (P < .001). Decrease in the frequency of joint pain and joint sounds was observed only from T0 to T1 (P = .039 and P = .021, respectively). The mean maximum of mouth opening decreased from T0 to T1 (P < .001) and increased again at T2 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Orthognathic surgery promoted reduction in the frequencies of myofascial pain and headache reported by patients with skeletal class III malocclusion.

Surgical treatment of mandibular condyle fracture with bicortical screws: case report

Introduction: Mandibular condyle fractures are, of all facial fractures, those with the greatest controversies in relation to its conduct. Patient systemic condition, location and displacement degree of the fracture, mouth opening amplitude, and occlusion alteration are some factors that influence on the decision on conservative or surgical treatment. Pain, mandibular movement limitation, altered dental occlusion, and facial asymmetry are signs and symptoms that indicate condylar fracture. The surgical treatment consists of surgical fracture reduction and subsequent fixing through titanium miniplates and/or screws. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the case of a patient who had parasymphyseal fracture associated with left mandibular condyle fracture, presenting limited excursive movements of the jaw, pain in function, altered dental occlusion, and bruising on chin region. Case report: Due to the type of fracture and patient systemic condition, we decided to open reduction of fractures and stable internal fixation. Conclusion: At 12-month follow-up, the patient showed significant improvement in both clinical and functional condition, demonstrating the effectiveness of the treatment method and technique.

Evaluation of the impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life.

Dental treatment and surgery is a well-established method of correcting dentofacial deformities, and such treatment has an impact on the quality of life of individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on the quality of life of patients receiving treatment at the Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR. Clinical data were evaluated for the control group, and a quality-of-life evaluation questionnaire was completed [Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)]. For the case group, the same data were gathered along with information regarding their dentofacial deformity. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was also completed at three distinct stages of the experiment. The median age in the control group was 23.5 years. In the case group, the predominant gender was female, and the mean age of patients was 29.4 years. There was a statistically significant association between gender and OHIP-14 (p< 0.001). No such association was observed between age and OHIP-14 scores (p= 0.616). In the control group the OHIP-14 median score was 11.5. In the case group, the average OHIP-14 score at was 18 at T0, 21 at T1, and 8 at T2. The results demonstrated a statistically significant association between the three time stages at which OHIP-14 was analyzed (p< 0.001). There was a smaller reduction in the negative impact for transversal deformities of the jaw when compared with other deformities. Orthognathic surgery led to a reduction in the negative effects on the quality of life of patients.

Evaluation of the impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life

Dental treatment and surgery is a well-established method of correcting dentofacial deformities, and such treatment has an impact on the quality of life of individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on the quality of life of patients receiving treatment at the Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR. Clinical data were evaluated for the control group, and a quality-of-life evaluation questionnaire was completed [Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)]. For the case group, the same data were gathered along with information regarding their dentofacial deformity. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was also completed at three distinct stages of the experiment. The median age in the control group was 23.5 years. In the case group, the predominant gender was female, and the mean age of patients was 29.4 years. There was a statistically significant association between gender and OHIP-14 (p< 0.001). No such association was observed between age and OHIP-14 scores (p= 0.616). In the control group the OHIP-14 median score was 11.5. In the case group, the average OHIP-14 score at was 18 at T0, 21 at T1, and 8 at T2. The results demonstrated a statistically significant association between the three time stages at which OHIP-14 was analyzed (p< 0.001). There was a smaller reduction in the negative impact for transversal deformities of the jaw when compared with other deformities. Orthognathic surgery led to a reduction in the negative effects on the quality of life of patients.

Prevalência de cistos dentígeros na Universidade Federal do Paraná / Dentigerous cysts prevalence at Federal University of Paraná

O cisto dentígero destaca-se como o mais comum entre os cistos odontogênicos de desenvolvimento dos ossos maxilares. Frequentemente são encontrados em exames radiográficos de rotina devido a alterações na cronologia de erupção dentária. O tratamento dessas lesões varia de acordo com a presença de sintomatologia dolorosa, tamanho e proximidade com estruturas anatômicas nobres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de cisto dentígero no Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial da Universidade Federal do Paraná, entre 2008 e 2010. Durante esse período, foram avaliados 24 prontuários de pacientes com cisto dentígero. Dados, como gênero, idade, localização e forma de tratamento da lesão, foram coletados. Os resultados mostraram predileção pelo gênero masculino (63%), com maior incidência na segunda década de vida (42%), estando geralmente localizado na região posterior da mandíbula (62%). A principal forma de tratamento foi a enucleação associada ou não à extração do elemento dentário envolvido (75%). Todos os tratamentos mostraram-se eficazes com regressão da lesão após acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico... (AU)

The dentigerous cyst stands out as the most common among odontogenic cysts development of the jaws. They are often found in routine radiographic examination due to changes in timing of tooth eruption. The treatment of these lesions varies according to the presence of painful symptoms, size and proximity to significant anatomical structures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dentigerous cystin Surgery and Traumatology Oral and Maxillofacial at Federal University of Paraná between 2008 and 2010. During this period were evaluated 24 medical records of patients with dentigerous cyst. Data such as gender, age, location and method of treatment of the injury were collected. The results showed a predominance of male patients (63%), with the highest incidence in the second decade of life (42%) and is usually located in the posterior mandible (62%). The main form of treatment was enucleation with or without the extraction of the involved tooth (75%). All treatments were effective with regression of the lesion after clinical and radiographic follow-up... (AU)

Osteotomia sagital e terceiros molares inferiores: mudança de paradigma / Sagittal Split Osteotomy and Lower Third Molars: a Paradigm Shift

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é uma associação de revisão da literatura sobre a realização de osteotomias sagitais na presença de terceiros molares inclusos, com o relato de um caso de cirurgia ortognática em que as osteotomias sagitais dos ramos mandibulares foram realizadas na presença desses elementos dentários. Relato dos Casos: O caso a seguir demonstra a sequência cirúrgica de um paciente portador de deformidade dento-facial submetido à cirurgia ortognática. A cirurgia realizada envolveu ambos os maxilares, com realização de osteotomia Le Fort I para a maxila e ostetomias sagitais dos ramos mandibulares. A peculiaridade do caso foi a realização das osteotomias mandibulares na presença de terceiros molares inclusos, as quais não causaram qualquer dificuldade ou complicação para a realização dos cortes ósseos e separação dos fragmentos. Conclusão: A osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular pode ser realizada na presença dos terceiros molares inferiores de forma segura, sem aumento dos riscos cirúrgicos e otimizando o tempo de tratamento orto-cirúrgico... (AU)

Purpose: The aim of this article was to compare the effects of the presence or absence of third molars from a literature review about currents of different authors, with an association of two cases related which the sagittal split osteotomy was performed in the presence of mandibular third molars. Cases report: The following cases describe two patients, of both genders, with dentofacial deformities, these which there was the need for orthognathic surgery by the use of sagittal mandibular osteotomy. Both patients had third molars in your mouth at the time of osteotomy. There were no major complications trans and postoperative. Conclusion: The sagittal split osteotomy of the ascending ramus can be performed in the presence of third molars, and it could lead to the time optimization in the ortho-surgical treatment... (AU)

Osteoctomia sagital e terceiros molares inferiores: mudança de paradigma / Sagittal Split Osteotomy And Lower Third Molars: A Paradigm Shift

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é uma associação de revisão a literatura sobre a realização de osteotomias sagitais na presença de terceiros molares inclusos, com o relato de um caso de cirurgia ortognática em que as osteotomias sagitais dos ramos mandibulares foram realizadas na presença destes elementos dentários. Relato dos casos: O caso a seguir demonstra a sequência cirúrgica de um paciente portador de deformidade dento-facial submetido a cirurgia ortognática. A cirurgia realizada envolveu ambos os maxilares, com realização de osteotomia Le Fort I para a maxila e ostetomias sagitais dos ramos mandibulares. A peculiaridade do caso foi a realização das osteotomias mandibulares na presença de terceiros molares inclusos, as quais não causaram qualquer dificuldade ou complicação para a realização dos cortes ósseos e separação dos fragmentos. Conclusão: A osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular pode ser realizada na presença dos terceiros molares inferiores de forma segura, sem aumento dos riscos cirúrgicos e otimizando o tempo de tratamento orto-cirúrgico... (AU)

The aim of this article was to compare the effects of the presence or absence of third molars from a literature review about currents of different authors, with an association of two cases related which the sagittal split osteotomy was performed in the presence of mandibular third molars. Case description: The following cases describe two patients, of both genders, with dentofacial deformities, these which there was the need for orthognathic surgery by the use of sagittal mandibular osteotomy. Both patients had third molars in your mouth at the time of osteotomy. There were no major complications trans and postoperative. Conclusion: The sagittal split osteotomy of the ascending ramus can be performed in the presence of third molars, and it could lead to the time optimization in the ortho-surgical treatment... (AU)

Tratamento de Lesão Central de Células Gigantes Recidivante: relato de caso / Treatment of Recurrent Central Giant Cell Granuloma: a case report.

A lesão central de células gigantes (LCCG) é uma alteração óssea rara, não neoplásica, encontrada nos ossos gnáticos. Sua etiologia é desconhecida, e seu comportamento biológico, pobremente estudado. Manifesta-se, principalmente, em adultos jovens do gênero feminino. Geralmente é assintomático e descoberto em exames radiográficos de rotina. O caso descrito mostra uma lesão óssea em região de corpo de mandíbula do lado esquerdo, assintomática e com expansão das corticais vestibular e lingual, em uma menina de 8 anos de idade. Após biópsia incisional e análise histológica, confirmou-se o diagnóstico de LCCG. O tratamento proposto foi a curetagem da lesão, sob anestesia geral e a manutenção dos germens dentários dos pré-molares. Com a recidiva da lesão, houve necessidade de extração dos elementos 32, 34, 35 e 36. Mesmo após essa abordagem, uma nova recidiva ocorreu, levando a paciente a ser submetida à ressecção em bloco da região. Após três anos, há indicativo de sucesso de tratamento tanto nos exames clínicos quanto nos radiográficos.

Central giant cell lesion (CGCL) is rare, non-neoplastic bone lesion that appears in gnathic bone. Its etiology is unknown and its biological behavior has been little studied. It is manifested mostly in young adult females. It is usually asymptomatic and discovered on a routine radiographic examination. The case described, an 8-year-old girl, shows a bone lesion in a region of the mandibular body, on the left side, asymptomatic, with a buccal and lingual cortical plate expansion. After incisional biopsy, the diagnosis of CGCL was confirmed. The treatment proposed was curettage, under general anesthesia, preserving the premolar germs. With the recurrence of the disease, the extraction of the teeth 32, 34, 35, 36 was necessary. Even after this management, a new relapse occurred, causing the patient to undergo a further procedure: segmental resection. After 3 years, both the clinical and radiographic examinations indicate the success of the treatment.