Fracture risk assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been included in the CKD-MBD ("Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorders") complex in international and national nephrology guidelines, suggesting for the first time the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) if the results can influence therapeutic decision-making. However, there is very little information on actual clinical practice in this population. The main objective of the ERCOS (ERC-Osteoporosis) study is to describe the profile of patients with CKD G3-5D with osteoporosis (OP) and/or fragility fractures treated in specialized nephrology, rheumatology and internal medicine clinics in Spain. Fifteen centers participated and 162 patients (mostly women [71.2%] postmenopausal [98.3%]) with a median age of 77 years were included. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 36â¯mL/min/1.73â¯m2 and 38% of the included patients were on dialysis. We highlight the high frequency of prevalent fragility fractures [37.7%), mainly vertebral (52.5%) and hip (24.6%)], the disproportionate history of patients with glomerular disease compared to purely nephrological series (corticosteroids) and undertreatment for fracture prevention, especially in nephrology consultations. This study is an immediate call to action with the dissemination of the new, more proactive, clinical guidelines, and underlines the need to standardize a coordinated and multidisciplinary care/therapeutic approach to these patients in an efficient way to avoid current discrepancies and therapeutic nihilism.
Nephrology , Osteoporosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Humans , Female , Aged , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Male , Osteoporosis/complications , Osteoporosis/therapy , Spain , Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control , Osteoporotic Fractures/etiology , Aged, 80 and over , Middle Aged , Bone Density , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Glomerular Filtration Rate
Introdução: O carcinoma basocelular (CBC) de vulva é uma condição rara que corresponde a menos de 0,4% dos casos de CBC e de 2% a 4% das neoplasias de vulva. O CBC de vulva é mais comum entre mulheres brancas, multíparas e na pósmenopausa, especialmente na sétima década de vida. O objetivo é relatar um caso de CBC de vulva no qual discutiram-se os aspectos do diagnóstico e tratamento. Relato de Caso: Mulher de 63 anos de idade, G1P1A0, chega ao consultório em janeiro de 2022 para tratamento de lesão persistente em vulva. Realizou-se biópsia incisional que mostrou tratar-se de provável carcinoma basocelular nodular com invasão da derme. A paciente submeteu-se a uma ressecção do tumor com margens macroscópicas livres e sutura primária. A cirurgia não teve complicações no pré-operatório e no pós-operatório. O histopatológico da peça cirúrgica mostrou tratar-se de carcinoma basocelular nodular com área irregular, plana, branco, medindo 0,7x0,4cm, com as margens laterais distando 7,0 e 5,0mm e profundas, 5,9mm; todas livres. Conclusão: O caso relatado é raro, tendo sido o tratamento de ressecção cirúrgica do CBC de vulva com margens bem-sucedido. Catorze meses após a cirurgia, a paciente encontra-se sem evidências de recidiva local ou regional.
Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the vulva is a rare condition that accounts for less than 0.4% of BCC cases and 2% to 4% of vulvar neoplasms. BCC of the vulva is more common among white, multiparous and postmenopausal women, especially in the seventh decade of life. The aim is to report a case of BCC of the vulva in which aspects of diagnosis and treatment were discussed. Case report: A 63-year-old woman, G1P1A0, arrives at the office in January 2022 for treatment of a persistent lesion on her vulva. An incisional biopsy was performed and showed that it was likely nodular basal cell carcinoma with invasion of the dermis. The patient underwent tumor resection with free macroscopic margins and primary suture. The surgery had no complications preoperatively or postoperatively. The histopathology of the surgical specimen showed that it was a nodular basal cell carcinoma with an irregular, flat, white area, measuring 0.7x0.4cm, with the lateral margins 7.0 and 5.0mm apart and 5.9mm deep; all free. Conclusion: The reported case is rare, with surgical resection of BCC of the vulva with margins being successful. Fourteen months after surgery, the patient has no evidence of local or regional recurrence.
BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the sustained immunological response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) undergoing different treatment regimens. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study involving 157 AIRD patients without prior COVID-19 infection. Treatment regimens included non-treatment or glucocorticoid-only (not-treated/GCs), non-biological drugs, biological therapy, and JAK inhibitors. All participants completed the two-dose vaccine schedule, and 110 of them received an additional booster dose. Serum samples were collected approximately 3-6 months after the second and third vaccine doses to measure antibodies against the Spike protein (antiS-AB) and neutralizing antibodies (nAB) targeting six SARS-CoV-2 variants. RESULTS: Following the third dose, all patients exhibited a significant increase in antiS-AB (FC = 15, p < 0.0001). Patients under biological therapy had lower titres compared to the non-biological (66% decrease, p = 0.038) and the not-treated/GCs group (62% decrease, p = 0.0132), with the latter persisting after the booster dose (86% decrease, p = 0.0027). GC use was associated with lower antiS-AB levels in the biological group (87% decrease, p = 0.0124), although not statistically significant after confounders adjustment. nABs showed the highest positivity rates for the wild-type strain before (50%) and after the booster dose (93%), while the Omicron variant exhibited the lowest rates (11% and 55%, respectively). All variants demonstrated similar positivity patterns and good concordance with antiS-AB (AUCs from 0.896 to 0.997). CONCLUSIONS: The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster strategy effectively elicited a sustained antibody immune response in AIRD patients. However, patients under biological therapies exhibited a reduced response to the booster dose, particularly when combined with GCs.
COVID-19 , Rheumatic Diseases , Humans , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , mRNA Vaccines , Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy , SARS-CoV-2 , Prospective Studies
Objective: review current databases to identify the impacts of intestinal dysbiosis on obesity, as well as serve as a pillar for carrying out preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Methodology: this is an integrative review carried out from the collection of data obtained from the SciELO, PubMed, VHL, and LILACS platforms using the descriptors "dysbiosis", "obesity" and "gastrointestinal microbiome"; Inclusion criteria were: articles published in the last five years (from 2017 to 2022), original articles, meta-analyses, and observational studies (clinical trials and cohort study) and written in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. Results: Western diet and use of sweeteners cause anthropometric changes, blood pressure, glucose intolerance, among others, in addition to leading to the prevalence of deleterious bacteria in the body, culminating in obesity and diabetes mellitus; on the other hand, a diet rich in fiber and administration of probiotics can generate beneficial changes in the diversity of the intestinal flora, in addition to combating the inflammatory state generated by obesity (AU).
Objetivo: revisar as bases de dados atuais para identificar os impactos da disbiose intestinal na obesidade, bem como servir de pilar para realização de medidas preventivas, diagnósticas e terapêuticas. Metodologia: trata-se de revisão integrativa realizada a partir de coleta de dados obtidos nas plataformas SciELO, PuBMed, BVS e LILACS usando os descritores "dysbiosis", "obesity" and "gastrointestinal microbiome"; os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos (de 2017 a 2022), artigos originais, metanálises e estudos observacionais (ensaios clínicos e estudo de coorte) e escritos em português, inglês ou espanhol. Resultados: dieta ocidental e uso de adoçante provocam alterações antropométricas, de pressão arterial, intolerância à glicose, entre outras, além de levar à prevalência de bactérias deletérias ao organismo, culminando em obesidade e diabetes mellitus; em contrapartida, dieta rica em fibras e administração de probióticos podem gerar mudanças benéficas na diversidade da flora intestinal, ademais combatem o estado inflamatório gerado pela obesidade (AU).
Humans , Dysbiosis , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Obesity
As well as being essential for musculoskeletal health, vitamin D is involved in numerous other physiological processes. Poor vitamin D status is linked to a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, autoimmune conditions, pulmonary disorders and upper respiratory tract infections. While optimal target concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) for health maintenance or therapeutic purposes are still the subject of debate, there is reasonable agreement that serum 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL) constitute vitamin D deficiency and that severe deficiency states (serum 25(OH)D levels <25-30 nmol/L ≈ 10-12 ng/mL) should be avoided. Main strategies to maintain or improve vitamin D status are food supplementation and therapeutic use of medicinal forms of vitamin D. In this review, we examine evidence that implicates vitamin D deficiency in diverse conditions in the clinical settings of endocrinology, rheumatology, pneumology and reproductive health. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is the most frequently used vitamin D supplement worldwide, though calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) has recently become more widely available. Calcifediol is one step closer than cholecalciferol in the metabolic pathway to biologically active vitamin D. Pharmacokinetic differences between these vitamin D metabolites confer putative advantages for calcifediol in certain clinical situations. The clinical use of calcifediol is explored more closely through case studies, which illustrate its adjunctive role in the treatment of several vitamin D deficiency-related skeletal and extraskeletal diseases.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and determine the associated risk factors, evaluating the usefulness of FRAX® as a screening method to identify patients at a higher risk of fracture. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Demographic, clinical, and analytical data were collected in a randomized sample of LC patients attending the Hepatology Department of a university hospital. We assessed the absolute risk of fracture at 10 years (FRAX®) and based on the bone mineral density (BMD), the presence of morphometric vertebral fracture with a vertebral fracture assessment (VFA), or a thoracic and lumbar X-ray and bone microarchitecture with a trabecular bone score (TBS). RESULTS: Ninety-two patients were included (71% male); the mean age was 63 ± 11.3 years. The main etiology of LC was alcoholism (52.2%), and most patients were Child-Pugh A (80.4%), with a mean model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of 10.1 ± 3.6. Sixteen patients (17.4%) had osteoporosis, and fifty-four (58.7%) had osteopenia. Eight patients (8.7%) had suffered at least one fragility fracture. The absolute risk of a major fracture according to FRAX without the BMD was 5.7 ± 4.5%. Risk factors associated with osteoporosis were age and the female sex. BMI > 30 was a protective factor. A FRAX cut-off point for a major fracture > 6.6% had a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 85% for a diagnosis of osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in patients with LC is high, particularly in older women. FRAX® may be a useful method to identify candidates for bone densitometry. A FRAX value below 6.6% without the BMD can avoid unnecessary testing.
INTRODUCTION: Aging affects the cardiovascular system by impairing the amount and strength of cardiac pumping. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a safe parameter to assess variations in the cardiovascular system, providing data on sympathetic and parasympathetic activations. OBJECTIVES: Our primary aim is to investigate the cardiac autonomic modulation and body composition of active older adults participating in a physical exercise protocol and gametherapy. Our secondary aim is to assess their functional capacity, cognitive function, balance, respiratory pressures, and functional autonomy. METHOD: This randomized clinical trial will include 100 active older adults aged 60 to 80 years. The exercise group (EG) will perform 24 supervised training sessions (strength and aerobic) for 12 weeks (2 60-minutes sessions per week). The gametherapy group (GG) will exercise using gametherapy. Assessments will occur on the first week, after the 12th week, after wash out and in the end of cross over. The primary outcome will be HRV and body composition (bioimpedance). Secondary outcomes will be functional capacity (6-minute walk test), cognitive function (mini-mental state examination), risk of falls and balance (berg balance scale and timed up and go test), inspiratory and expiratory pressures (manovacuometry) and functional autonomy (functional reach test and group of Latin American development to maturity [GDLAM] protocol). DISCUSSION: This study will provide relevant information about the effects of physical training (physical exercises and gametherapy) on HRV and other variables in active older adults.
Autonomic Nervous System , Postural Balance , Aged , Humans , Time and Motion Studies , Body Composition , Exercise , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
COVID-19 pathophysiology is currently not fully understood, reliable prognostic factors remain elusive, and few specific therapeutic strategies have been proposed. In this scenario, availability of biomarkers is a priority. MS-based Proteomics techniques were used to profile the proteome of 81 plasma samples extracted in four consecutive days from 23 hospitalized COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients. Samples from 10 subjects that reached a critical condition during their hospital stay and 10 matched non-severe controls were drawn before the administration of any COVID-19 specific treatment and used to identify potential biomarkers of COVID-19 prognosis. Additionally, we compared the proteome of five patients before and after glucocorticoids and tocilizumab treatment, to assess the changes induced by the therapy on our selected candidates. Forty-two proteins were differentially expressed between patients' evolution groups at 10% FDR. Twelve proteins showed lower levels in critical patients (fold-changes 1.20-3.58), of which OAS3 and COG5 found their expression increased after COVID-19 specific therapy. Most of the 30 proteins over-expressed in critical patients (fold-changes 1.17-4.43) were linked to inflammation, coagulation, lipids metabolism, complement or immunoglobulins, and a third of them decreased their expression after treatment. We propose a set of candidate proteins for biomarkers of COVID-19 prognosis at the time of hospital admission. The study design employed is distinctive from previous works and aimed to optimize the chances of the candidates to be validated in confirmatory studies and, eventually, to play a useful role in the clinical practice.
Blood Proteins , COVID-19/blood , COVID-19/diagnosis , Hospitalization , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Spectrometry , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Proteome
Resumo A Atenção Básica e a Força de Trabalho em Saúde podem ser consideradas os grandes desafios do SUS, principalmente nas duas últimas décadas. Este artigo teve como objetivo descrever o crescimento e a distribuição regional das profissões de nível superior cadastradas em UBS. Estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, sobre as catorze profissões de nível superior nas cinco regiões brasileiras, de 2008 a 2013. Entre as categorias profissionais com as maiores taxas de crescimento nacional estão os professores de educação física, os nutricionistas, os terapeutas ocupacionais, os fisioterapeutas e os farmacêuticos. No Norte, a fisioterapia, o serviço social e a fonoaudiologia se destacaram com as maiores taxas de crescimento; no Nordeste, a educação física, a fisioterapia e a terapia ocupacional; no Centro-Oeste, os destaques são a nutrição e a fisioterapia; no Sudeste, nutrição e farmácia; e a educação física apresentou crescimento proeminente no Sul. As maiores perdas ocorreram nas profissões biólogo e médico veterinário, em todas as regiões. De modo geral, as categorias profissionais que podem compor o NASF apresentaram crescimento superior aos enfermeiros e médicos.
Abstract Primary care and the healthcare workforce can be considered the greatest challenges of SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), principally in recent decades. This article aims to describe the growth and regional distribution of the professions requiring higher education registered in the primary healthcare units. This descriptive study with a quantitative approach is concerned with the 14 accredited professions in the five major regions of Brazil from 2008 to 2013. The data was collected from the national database of the Ministry of Health. Among the professional categories with the greatest rates of national growth are physical education teachers, nutritionists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and pharmacists. In the North region of Brazil, physiotherapy, social work, and speech therapy stand out as having the greatest growth rates; in the Northeast, physical education, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy; and in the Center-West, nutrition and physiotherapy; in the Southeast, nutrition and pharmacology; and physical education showed prominent growth in the South. The major losses occurred in the professions of biologist and veterinary doctors in all regions. In general, the professional categories that comprise the Family Health Support Nuclei, NASF, demonstrate greater growth rates than nurses and doctors.
Humans , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Health Workforce/trends , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Databases, Factual , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data
Primary care and the healthcare workforce can be considered the greatest challenges of SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), principally in recent decades. This article aims to describe the growth and regional distribution of the professions requiring higher education registered in the primary healthcare units. This descriptive study with a quantitative approach is concerned with the 14 accredited professions in the five major regions of Brazil from 2008 to 2013. The data was collected from the national database of the Ministry of Health. Among the professional categories with the greatest rates of national growth are physical education teachers, nutritionists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and pharmacists. In the North region of Brazil, physiotherapy, social work, and speech therapy stand out as having the greatest growth rates; in the Northeast, physical education, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy; and in the Center-West, nutrition and physiotherapy; in the Southeast, nutrition and pharmacology; and physical education showed prominent growth in the South. The major losses occurred in the professions of biologist and veterinary doctors in all regions. In general, the professional categories that comprise the Family Health Support Nuclei, NASF, demonstrate greater growth rates than nurses and doctors.
A Atenção Básica e a Força de Trabalho em Saúde podem ser consideradas os grandes desafios do SUS, principalmente nas duas últimas décadas. Este artigo teve como objetivo descrever o crescimento e a distribuição regional das profissões de nível superior cadastradas em UBS. Estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, sobre as catorze profissões de nível superior nas cinco regiões brasileiras, de 2008 a 2013. Entre as categorias profissionais com as maiores taxas de crescimento nacional estão os professores de educação física, os nutricionistas, os terapeutas ocupacionais, os fisioterapeutas e os farmacêuticos. No Norte, a fisioterapia, o serviço social e a fonoaudiologia se destacaram com as maiores taxas de crescimento; no Nordeste, a educação física, a fisioterapia e a terapia ocupacional; no Centro-Oeste, os destaques são a nutrição e a fisioterapia; no Sudeste, nutrição e farmácia; e a educação física apresentou crescimento proeminente no Sul. As maiores perdas ocorreram nas profissões biólogo e médico veterinário, em todas as regiões. De modo geral, as categorias profissionais que podem compor o NASF apresentaram crescimento superior aos enfermeiros e médicos.
Health Personnel/organization & administration , Health Workforce/trends , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Brazil , Databases, Factual , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Retrospective Studies
Texto que compõe o curso Monitoramento e Avaliação das Ações em Saúde, de Gestão Pública em Saúde, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os conceitos e diferenciação de monitoramento e avaliação, o contexto de surgimento dessas práticas no campo da saúde, as interfaces com os instrumentos formais de planejamento do SUS e os aspectos metodológicos desse processo.
Health Management , Health Planning , Unified Health System
Texto que compõe o curso Monitoramento e Avaliação das Ações em Saúde, Gestão Pública em Saúde, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Apresenta os desafios para a institucionalização da avaliação e os mecanismos já implementados nessa perspectiva, além do monitoramento e avaliação dos instrumentos de planejamento do SUS como possibilidade de aprimorar o processo de elaboração, o conteúdo e o uso do Plano de Saúde, Programação Anual de Saúde e Relatório Anual de Gestão. Aborda também as iniciativas recentes do Ministério da Saúde por meio da Secretaria de Gestão Estratégica e Participativa em torno da qualificação dos processos e da prática do monitoramento e da avaliação da gestão do SUS.
Health Management , Public Health Administration , Health Planning
Texto que compõe o curso Responsabilidade Fiscal na Gestão Pública, de Gestão Pública em Saúde, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os fundamentos, conceitos e origens da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF), Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO), transparência, controle e fiscalização, bem como prestação de contas da gestão.
Health Management , Public Health Administration , Health Planning
Texto que compõe o curso Responsabilidade Fiscal na Gestão Pública, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Apresenta conceitos importantes sobre finanças públicas, endividamento e transparência nos gastos públicos, destacando as naturezas de despesas utilizadas pelo gestor para executar o que foi previsto no orçamento.
Health Management , Public Health Administration , Health Planning
Texto que compõe o curso Responsabilidade Fiscal na Gestão Pública, de Gestão Pública em Saúde, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda aspectos importantes a respeito dos limites de gastos impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal e as possíveis sanções e vedações previstas ao administrador público em caso de irregularidades, fortalecendo a obrigatoriedade dos gestores públicos exercerem suas atividades com responsabilidade fiscal, de forma mais controlada e de modo a não desequilibrar as contas públicas, sob pena de serem responsabilizados criminalmente.
Health Management , Public Health Administration , Health Planning
RESUMO Este artigo objetiva identificar os trabalhadores de nível superior cadastrados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) entre 2008 e 2013, visando contribuir com o debate sobre o planejamento da força de trabalho na Atenção Básica em saúde. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e de abordagem quantitativa. Embora médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões-dentistas componham as ocupações de nível superior tradicionalmente hegemônicas nas UBS, constatou-se a ampliação da participação de outras categorias profissionais, o que se atribui à implantação de equipes do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família em todo o País.
ABSTRACT This article aims to identify the university level workforce enrolled in the Primary Health Care Units (UBS) between 2008 and 2013, to contribute to the debate on the primary health care workforce planning. It is a descriptive and retrospective study of quantitative approach. Although physicians, nurses and dentists comprise the traditionally hegemonic university level workforce in UBS, there was observed an increasing participation of other professional categories, which may be due to the implementation of health supporting teams throughout the Country.
Texto que compõe o curso 3 de Gestão Pública em Saúde, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Apresenta os conceitos essenciais e procedimentos necessários para realização das licitações, práticas de elaboração de editais de licitação e contratos administrativos.
Health Management , Public Health Administration
Texto que compõe o curso 3 de Gestão Pública em Saúde, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda o desenvolvimento prático do processo licitatório, as etapas e fases da licitação, apresentando elementos necessários ao bom funcionamento do órgão, no que se refere à compras governamentais.
Health Management , Public Health Administration
Texto que compõe o curso 3 de Gestão Pública em Saúde, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Apresenta as características dos contratos administrativos, a formalização dos contratos administrativos e as cláusulas essenciais dos contratos administrativos, além da gestão dos contratos.
Health Management , Public Health Administration , Unified Health System
Texto que compõe o curso 2 de Gestão Pública em Saúde, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Apresenta a formulação e utilização do Plano de Saúde como instrumento estratégico de gestão, detalhando a construção de diretrizes, objetivos e metas que devem ser construídos de forma coletiva e participativa, visando contemplar as necessidades de saúde locais. Além disso, aborda as possibilidades de visualizar o uso dos indicadores disponíveis nos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde como uma ferramenta de planejamento.
Health Planning , Health Management , Unified Health System , Health Information Systems
