Diagnosis of congenital infections in premature, low-birthweight newborns with intrauterine growth restriction caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Parvo-B 19, and Zika virus: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of viral congenital infections in newborns classified as premature, low-birthweight, small for gestational age or intrauterine growth restriction. METHODS: The definition considered for selecting papers were: P as newborns younger than 28 days; V as low-birthweight, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction; O as frequency of congenital infections with Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus B19, Herpes Simplex, and Zika virus. The research was performed using EMBASE, LILACS, SCOPUS and MEDLINE databases, with no limitations on date and language. RESULTS: Eight studies were included. Manuscripts including Herpes Simplex, Zika virus or Parvovirus B19 did not fulfill the defined criteria. A wide variation in the frequency of CMV congenital infection (0-4.8%) was found, which might be attributed to regional and methodological differences between investigations. CONCLUSIONS: Newborn characteristics associated with CMV congenital infections may direct investigations towards these patients with a higher probability of infection. However, as data are controversial, studies concerning screening of infection are important to define recommendations of diagnosis.

Percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre a atuação de acadêmicos no contexto da Atenção Primária / Perception of health professionals on undergraduate students acting in the context of primary care

A Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) é um cenário importante para a graduação dos cursos na área da saúde. Objetiva-se descrever e analisar a percepção dos profissionais da saúde de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) sobre a atuação dos acadêmicos de enfermagem, medicina e odontologia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas a profissionais atuantes na UBS em questão. A UBS apresentou recursos humanos adequados para atender às necessidades dos estudantes, mas uma insuficiência na estrutura física. A atuação dos estudantes traz contribuições para a organização do serviço e atendimento da população, apesar de diminuir a agilidade do serviço e limitar a longitudinalidade nos atendimentos. Conclui-se que a participação de estudantes na UBS agrega valor e é necessária para a formação acadêmica, como meio de ampliar a compreensão do processo saúde-doença e das possibilidades de cuidado.

Primary Health Care (PHC) is an important scenario for undergraduate health courses. The objective is to describe and analyse the perception of health professionals on undergraduate students on nursing, medicine, and dentistry acting in a Basic Health Unit (BHU). It is a descriptive and exploratory study of a qualitative approach with personal semi-structured interviews applied to professionals working in the BHU. The unit presents adequate human resources to attend to the students' needs, despite the physical structure being unsatisfying. The undergraduate students' performance brings contributions to the organization of the service and attendance of the population, although it can reduce and limit the agility and the longitudinality of the service. Through this study, the undergraduate students' participation in the BHU adds value and is essential for academic training as a means to broaden the understanding of the health-disease process and the treatment possibilities.

Influence of thickness and incisal extension of indirect veneers on the biomechanical behavior of maxillary canine teeth.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of thickness and incisal extension of indirect veneers on the stress and strain generated in maxillary canine teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3-dimensional maxillary canine model was validated with an in vitro strain gauge and exported to computer-assisted engineering software. Materials were considered homogeneous, isotropic, and elastic. Each canine tooth was then subjected to a 0.3 and 0.8 mm reduction on the facial surface, in preparations with and without incisal covering, and restored with a lithium disilicate veneer. A 50 N load was applied at 45° to the long axis of the tooth, on the incisal third of the palatal surface of the crown. RESULTS: The results showed a mean of 218.16 µstrain of stress in the in vitro experiment, and 210.63 µstrain in finite element analysis (FEA). The stress concentration on prepared teeth was higher at the palatal root surface, with a mean value of 11.02 MPa and varying less than 3% between the preparation designs. The veneers concentrated higher stresses at the incisal third of the facial surface, with a mean of 3.88 MPa and a 40% increase in less-thick veneers. The incisal cover generated a new stress concentration area, with values over 48.18 MPa. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical model for a maxillary canine tooth was validated using FEA. The thickness (0.3 or 0.8 mm) and the incisal covering showed no difference for the tooth structure. However, the incisal covering was harmful for the veneer, of which the greatest thickness was beneficial.

Influence of the occlusal contacts in formation of Abfraction Lesions in the upper premolar / Influência dos contatos oclusais na formação de lesões de Abfração no pré-molar superior

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the influence of different occlusal contacts in a superior pre-molar structure using Finite Element Analysis. Material and Methods: A three-dimensional model of a superior pre-molar was designed to simulate three occlusion situations, namely central occlusion and two types of lateral occlusion contacts. The model presents enamel, dentin, a periodontal ligament and a fixation cylinder separately. All materials were considered isotropic, linear and homogeneous, and the contacts of each structure were perfectly bonded. On analysis software, a load was applied to an occlusal surface at 40° to the long axis on lateral contacts, and directed to the long axis on central occlusion contact. Results: The results were obtained in stress maps and the maximum values were then plotted in table for quantitative comparison, with the enamel concentrating more stress than dentin and the occlusal contact presenting the worst biomechanical behavior. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is possible conclude that: eccentric contacts have higher potential to develop abfraction lesions on the cervical region of teeth, thus increasing the magnitude of tensile and shear stresses. (AU)

Objetivo: observar a influência de diferentes contatos oclusais em uma estrutura pré-molar superior usando a análise por elementos finitos. Material e Métodos: um modelo tridimensional de pré-molar superior foi projetado para simular três situações de oclusão: oclusão central e dois tipos de contatos de oclusão lateral. O modelo apresentou esmalte, dentina, ligamento periodontal e um cilindro de fixação separadamente. Todos os materiais foram considerados isotrópicos, lineares e homogêneos, e os contatos de cada estrutura foram considerados perfeitamente ligados. No software de análise, aplicou-se uma carga na superfície oclusal a 40°, ao longo eixo do dente, nos contatos laterais e direcionada para apical no contato de oclusão central. Resultados: os resultados foram obtidos nos mapas de tensão e os valores máximos foram escritos em tabela para comparação quantitativa, com o esmalte concentrando mais tensão do que a dentina e o contato em cúspide de balanceio apresentando o pior comportamento biomecânico. Conclusão: dentro das limitações deste estudo, é possível concluir que: os contatos excêntricos facilitam o surgimento de lesões de abfração na região cervical dos dentes, pois aumentam a magnitude das tensões de tração e de cisalhamento. (AU)