Trastornos psicopatológicos y calidad de vida en el infarto cerebral / Psychopathological disorders and quality of life in patients with brain infarction

Objetivos: Estudiar la influencia de diversos factores en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los pacientes tras un infarto cerebral (IC), con especial atención a los trastornos psicopatológicos (TP). Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo sobre 45 pacientes ingresados por IC, evaluados a las 4, 12 y 26 semanas del evento agudo. Se recogieron antecedentes y datos sociodemográficos previos, se utilizó la escala SF-36 para la valoración de la CVRS, para la valoración psicopatológica, cognitiva, neurológica y funcional se utilizó el inventario neuropsiquiátrico (NPI), MMSE, escala de Canadá, escala de Rankin modificada y otras escalas. Para determinar los posibles factores predictivos de las puntuaciones del SF-36 a las 26 semanas se realizó un estudio de regresión lineal, introduciendo como variables independientes los antecedentes médicos y psiquiátricos, las características sociodemográficas y la evaluación funcional, neuropsicológica y psicopatológica a las 4 semanas. Resultados: Se obtuvieron modelos predictivos válidos para todos los índices del SF-36, en los que el antecedente de depresión, las puntuaciones más altas en el NPI y la escala de Rankin, y más baja en la escala canadiense fueron los principales indicadores predictivos de una peor CVRS a largo plazo. El distrés del cuidador asociado a la psicopatología del paciente (medido a través del NPI) tuvo una influencia negativa sobre el índice de función social. Conclusiones: Los TP y la situación funcional fueron los principales determinantes de la CVRS de los pacientes tras un IC (AU)

Objectives: To study the influence of various factors on the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients who have suffered a brain infarction (BI), with special attention to psychopathological disorders (PD). Patients and methods: Prospective observational study on 45 patients admitted due to a BI, evaluated at 4, 12 and 26 weeks of the acute event. Social and demographic data, and medical history were collected; the SF-36 scale was used for the assessment of HRQOL, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), MMSE, Canadian Neurological Scale, Modified Rankin Scale and other instruments for assessing psychopathological, cognitive, neurological and functional status. A linear regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of the SF-36 scores at 26 weeks, introducing, as independent variables, medical and psychiatric history, demographic characteristics and the functional, neuropsychological and psychopathological assessments at 4 weeks. Results: Valid predictive models for all the SF-36 domains were obtained, in which a history of pre-morbid depression, higher scores in the NPI and Rankin Scale, and lowest in the Canadian Neurological Scale were the main predictors of a worse HRQOL in the long term. Psychopathology related caregiver's distress (assessed with the NPI) was associated with a lower score in the social function index. Conclusions: PDs and functional status were the main determinants of HRQOL in patients with BI (AU)

[Psychopathological disorders and quality of life in patients with brain infarction]. / Trastornos psicopatológicos y calidad de vida en el infarto cerebral.

OBJECTIVES: To study the influence of various factors on the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients who have suffered a brain infarction (BI), with special attention to psychopathological disorders (PD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study on 45 patients admitted due to a BI, evaluated at 4, 12 and 26 weeks of the acute event. Social and demographic data, and medical history were collected; the SF-36 scale was used for the assessment of HRQOL, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), MMSE, Canadian Neurological Scale, Modified Rankin Scale and other instruments for assessing psychopathological, cognitive, neurological and functional status. A linear regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of the SF-36 scores at 26 weeks, introducing, as independent variables, medical and psychiatric history, demographic characteristics and the functional, neuropsychological and psychopathological assessments at 4 weeks. RESULTS: Valid predictive models for all the SF-36 domains were obtained, in which a history of pre-morbid depression, higher scores in the NPI and Rankin Scale, and lowest in the Canadian Neurological Scale were the main predictors of a worse HRQOL in the long term. Psychopathology related caregiver's distress (assessed with the NPI) was associated with a lower score in the social function index. CONCLUSIONS: PDs and functional status were the main determinants of HRQOL in patients with BI.

Meningitis criptococócica en un paciente inmunocompetente

No disponible

No disponible

[Hyperhomocysteinemia-related cerebral venous thrombosis]. / Trombosis venosa cerebral en relación con la hiperhomocisteinemia.

INTRODUCTION: Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is a causal risk factor for atherosclerosis and venous thromboembolism. Recent researches have tried to find out a causal relationship. However, only a small number of cases have been reported on hyperhomocysteinemia and cerebral venous thrombosis in the world medical literature. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 21 years old woman, and oral contraceptives taker, who consulted for a one week clinical picture of biparietal headache, nausea and vomiting. Examination revealed bilateral papilledema, and subsequent CT scan, MRI and MR angiography showed thrombosis of the left lateral sinus. Immunologic tests (antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies) were negative. Hypercoagulability studies showed persistent homocysteine high levels. The patient improved and was discharged after treatment with anticoagulants and therapeutic measures against brain edema. DISCUSSION: The 70 percent of the patients with thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinuses present hypercoagulable states, including moderate hyperhomocysteinemia. Several mechanisms are proposed for venous thrombosis in hyperhomocysteinemia, homocysteine induced endothelial dysfunction between others. Otherwise, oral contraceptives can increase the risk of venous thrombosis in other prothrombotic conditions. Folic acid and vitamins supplementation therapy are commented.

Trombosis venosa cerebral en relación con la hiperhomocisteinemia / Hyperhomocysteinemia related cerebral venous trombosis

Introducción. La hiperhomocisteinemia moderada es un factor de riesgo independiente para la arteriosclerosis y la enfermedad tromboembólica. En los últimos años existe un interés creciente por determinar su relación causal; sin embargo, se recogen pocos casos en la literatura asociados a la trombosis venosa cerebral. Caso clínico. Mujer de 21 años que toma anticonceptivos orales. Una semana antes del ingreso, comienza con cefalea opresiva biparietal continua que interfiere el sueño, acompañada de nausea y vómitos, y que empeora con las maniobras de Valsalva. En la exploración neurológica destaca un papiledema bilateral de predominio izquierdo. El resto de la exploración fue normal. En distintas pruebas de neuroimagen –tomografía computarizada (TAC), resonancia magnética (RM) y angiorresonancia magnética– se objetiva una trombosis de seno transverso izquierdo. Se realizó un estudio inmunológico (ANA, ANCA y anticuerpos antifosfolípidos), que fue normal. En el estudio de hipercoagulabilidad, la concentración de homocisteína resultó elevada de forma repetida. Tras un tratamiento anticoagulante, y medidas antiedema, evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Discusión. El 70% de las trombosis de seno venoso se deben a estados protrombóticos, entre ellos la hiperhomocisteinemia moderada. Su patogénesis parece ser multifactorial, incluido el daño endotelial directo. Por otra parte, se comenta el papel facilitador de los anticonceptivos orales sobre estados protrombóticos subclínicos, además de discutirse las posibilidades terapéuticas con ácido fólico (AU)

Introduction. Moderate hyperhomocystinemia is a causal risk factor for atherosclerosis and venous thromboembolism. Recent researches have tried to find out a causal relationship. However, only a small number of cases have been reported on hyperhomocysteinemia and cerebral venous thrombosis in the world medical literature. Case report. We present the case of a 21 years old woman, and oral contraceptives taker, who consulted for a one week clinical picture of biparietal headache, nausea and vomiting. Examination revealed bilateral papilledema, and subsequent CT scan, MRI and MR angiography showed thrombosis of the left lateral sinus. Immunologic tests (antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies) were negative. Hypercoagulability studies showed persistent homocysteine high levels. The patient improved and was discharged after treatment with anticoagulants and therapeutic measures against brain edema. Discussion. The 70 percent of the patients with thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinuses present hypercoagulable states, including moderate hyperhomocysteinemia. Several mechanisms are proposed for venous thrombosis in hyperhomocysteinemia, homocysteine induced endothelial dysfunction between others. Otherwise, oral contraceptives can increase the risk of venous thrombosis in other prothrombotic conditions. Folic acid and vitamins supplementation therapy are commented (AU)

[Indicators of care activity]. / Indicadores de actividad asistencial.

Quality indicators are tools to measure and improve quality of care. These indicator may evaluate estructural process or outcome measures. Development of quality indicators is a important goal of the quality program in a clinical department.