h-MBenes: Promising Two-Dimensional Material Family for Room-Temperature Antiferromagnetic and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Applications.

Recently, a new class of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal transition-metal borides (h-MBenes) was discovered through a combination of ab initio predictions and experimental studies. These h-MBenes are derived from ternary hexagonal MAB (h-MAB) phases and have demonstrated promising potential for practical applications. In this study, we conducted first-principles calculations on 15 h-MBenes and identified four antiferromagnetic metals and 11 electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Notably, the h-MnB material exhibited a remarkable Néel temperature of 340 K and a high magnetic anisotropy energy of 154 µeV/atom. Additionally, the hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energies (ΔGH*) for h-ZrBO, h-MoBO, and h-Nb2BO2 are close to the ideal value of 0 eV, indicating their potential as electrochemical catalysts for HER. Further investigations revealed that the electronic structure, Néel temperature, and HER activity of the studied h-MBenes can be tuned by applying biaxial strains. These findings suggest that h-MBenes have wide-ranging applicability in areas such as antiferromagnetic spintronics, flexible electronic devices, and electrocatalysis, thereby expanding the potential applications of 2D transition-metal borides.

Systematic Analysis of Galactinol Synthase and Raffinose Synthase Gene Families in Potato and Their Expression Patterns in Development and Abiotic Stress Responses.

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are very important for plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. Galactinol synthase (GolS) and raffinose synthase (RFS) are critical enzymes involved in RFO biosynthesis. However, the whole-genome identification and stress responses of their coding genes in potato remain unexplored. In this study, four StGolS and nine StRFS genes were identified and classified into three and five subgroups, respectively. Remarkably, a total of two StGolS and four StRFS genes in potato were identified to form collinear pairs with those in both Arabidopsis and tomato, respectively. Subsequent analysis revealed that StGolS4 exhibited significantly high expression levels in transport-related tissues, PEG-6000, and ABA treatments, with remarkable upregulation under salt stress. Additionally, StRFS5 showed similar responses to StGolS4, but StRFS4 and StRFS8 gene expression increased significantly under salt treatment and decreased in PEG-6000 and ABA treatments. Overall, these results lay a foundation for further research on the functional characteristics and molecular mechanisms of these two gene families in response to ABA, salt, and drought stresses, and provide a theoretical foundation and new gene resources for the abiotic-stress-tolerant breeding of potato.

Higher CD4+CD40+ T cells (Th40 cells) associate with systemic lupus erythematosus activity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of CD4+CD40+ T cells (Th40 cells) in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Flow cytometry was used to identify the percentage of Th40 cells in peripheral blood from 24 SLE patients and 24 healthy individuals and the level of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-r, and TNF-α in serum (22 cases) from the SLE patients. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2000) was used to assess the SLE disease active state. The percentage of Th40 cells in T cells from SLE patients (19.37 ± 17.43) (%) was significantly higher than that from healthy individuals (4.52 ± 3.16) (%) (P < 0.001). The percentage of Th40 cells was also positively associated with SLEDAI-2000 (P = 0.001) and negatively associated with complement C3 (P = 0.007). The Th40 cell percentage was different in SLE patients with different organs involved. The Th40 cell percentage in SLE patients with lupus serositis (29.29 ± 22.19) was significantly higher than that in patients without serositis (13.41 ± 10.79; P = 0.040), and the percentage in SLE patients with lupus pneumonia involvement (29.11 ± 11.88) was significantly higher than that in patients without lupus pneumonia (16.80 ± 17.99; P = 0.043). After 4 weeks treatment, the Th40 cell percentage decreased significantly (P = 0.005). However, Th40 cell expression was not related to cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-r, and TNF-α; P > 0.05). A significantly higher percentage of Th40 cells was found in SLE patients, and the Th40 cell percentage was associated with SLE activity. Thus, Th40 cells may be used as a predictor for SLE disease activity and severity and therapeutic efficacy.

[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Combined with Chorea: Report of One Case and Literature Review].

Systemic lupus erythematosus combined with chorea is relatively rare in China,and there are no unified diagnostic criteria or specific ancillary tests.Therefore,it is confirmed by exclusionary clinical diagnosis.To improve the understanding of this disease among rheumatologists,we report the clinical data of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus combined with chorea admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University in January 2022.Furthermore,we review the relevant literature in the past 10 years and summarize the clinical features of these cases.

Sustained delivery of salbutamol from cubosomal gel for management of paediatric asthma: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

AIM: In the current study, efforts are being made to formulate transdermal salbutamol-cubosomal gel to manage paediatric asthma. METHODS: Salbutamol-loaded cubosomal gels were prepared by melt emulsification and sonication. The cubosomal gels were characterised by morphology, particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficacy, assay, viscosity, and texture profiles. Ex vivo permeation and pharmacokinetic studies were performed using rats. RESULTS: The mean cubosomal particle size (208-361 ± 12.5-32.5 nm), PDI (0.06-0.11 ± 0.01-0.02), viscosity (8527-9019 cp), and entrapment efficacy (76.3-91.0% w/w) increase with the level of monoolein. The ex vivo permeation study showed a biphasic release pattern, with salbutamol cleared from control gel within 8 h, while cubosomal gels showed sustained release up to 72 h. The pharmacokinetic profiles in the rat model showed 8.62-fold higher bioavailability with cubosomal gel. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the potential of cubosomal nanoparticle-laden gel to sustain the release of salbutamol to treat paediatric asthma.

TCM Syndrome Recognition Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Shanghai Based on TCM Inquiry Information.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the serious public health problems in China, and it affects the quality of survival of patients significantly. The long-term monitoring and early warning of T2DM and its complications should be paid attention to. Artificial diagnosis of T2DM in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is subjective and unrepeatable at the present stage. It is important to develop standardized collection and objective analysis methods of TCM inquiry. Therefore, we are interested in establishing syndrome recognition models. Objective: The establishment of the TCM syndrome recognition model of T2DM is helpful to the syndrome diagnosis of the disease, and the clear diagnosis of the syndrome is the prerequisite for the effective treatment of the disease by TCM. At present, there are few studies on syndrome recognition models of T2DM. Therefore, based on the inquiry information of TCM, we establish a latent structure model (LSM) of T2DM syndrome in Shanghai, hoping to provide services for the health management of TCM for diabetes in the future. Methods: A total of 587 effective samples of T2DM patients in Shanghai were collected. The gender, course of disease, and chronic complications were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and frequency analysis. Inquiry symptoms that could be included in the model were screened. In the study, 30 symptoms were used as observable variables to analyze the symptom information of TCM inquiry, and then, the TCM syndrome recognition model was established. Results: The clinical syndromes of patients with T2DM in Shanghai were mixed with deficiency and excess. The LSM divided the pattern of the disease into qi-yin deficiency pattern, yin deficiency pattern, qi deficiency pattern, and qi stagnation pattern. These patterns were mainly located in the spleen and stomach, liver, and kidney. Conclusion: The results of the syndrome classification of T2DM by LSM are basically consistent with the TCM clinical characteristics of the disease, which could reflect its main etiology and pathogenesis. The LSM of TCM inquiry syndrome diagnosis of T2DM confirmed the objectivity of TCM syndrome differentiation to some extent, and it will lay a foundation for the development of a mobile APP for TCM health management of T2DM.

Association of maternal arsenic exposure with birth size: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic exposure to arsenic during pregnancy or early life continues to be a major global health problem worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of people. However, its effects on birth size are uncertain. The aim of this study is to summarized the association between maternal arsenic exposure and birth size. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the maternal arsenic exposure and birth size (birth weight, birth length, head circumference and chest circumference) through databases (PubMed, Qvid Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane and EMBASE), the last search was in March 2019. Heterogeneity was testes by using the Q statistic and stratifying for epidemiological factors. The possibility of publication bias was assessed through Begg's test. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies provided sufficient data were included. Meta-analysis revealed that maternal arsenic exposure was associated with the decrease of birth weight (ß = -25.0 g; 95% CI: -41.0, -9.0) and head circumference (ß = -0.12 cm; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.01) in random-effect model, birth length (ß = -0.12 cm; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.07) in fixed-effect model, no significant reduction was suggested in chest circumference (ß = -0.74 cm; 95% CI: -1.78, 0.3). In addition, we found that the birth weight decreased stronger in women living in the Americas, or appling the exposure marker of urine. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal arsenic exposure is associated with the decrease of the birth weight, length and head circumference. Millions of people are still exposured to high-level arsenic, therefore, high quality epidemiologic studies that involve large samples are necessary to determine the precise relationships between maternal arsenic exposure with birth size. And that effective mitigation measures are also need to prevent arsenic exposure in women of reproductive age.

Rapid and quantitative analysis of impurities in silicon powders by glow discharge mass spectrometry.

High-purity silicon power was doped with standard solutions containing 15 elements, and a high-purity indium tablet was prepared by the melting of indium pellets. An In-Si tablet, which is mechanically stable and thus suitable as a calibration sample, was prepared by our pressing the doped silicon power on the high-purity indium tablet. The matrix effect was studied by our investigating the variations of measured mass fractions (standard relative sensitivity factor, StdRSF, calibration) of doped impurities in the In-Si tablet, which provides a series of matrixes with different mass ratios of In to Si. For all the elements, the relative standard deviations of the measured mass fractions of impurities were less than 30%. The RSFs of the glow discharge mass spectrometer (Element GD) were obtained, and the results showed that three RSFs derived from the In-Si tablet with low, intermediate and high mass ratios of In to Si, respectively, agreed with the mean RSF within an uncertainty interval of 30%. The measurement of Fe and Al matrix certified reference materials further demonstrated that the RSFs generated from a matrix can be used for the calibration of another matrix, and the uncertainty was within 30%. Finally, another doped silicon powder was measured with the glow discharge mass spectrometer, which was calibrated by the mean RSFs from the In-Si tablet, and the analytical results obtained by glow discharge mass spectrometry are in good agreement with the analytical results obtained by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms are correlated with irinotecan-induced toxicity: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous articles explored the role of UGT1A1 polymorphism on predicting irinotecan-induced toxicity, but the conclusions were still inconsistent and not comprehensive. We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the association between UGT1A1 polymorphism and irinotecan-induced toxicity. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles before July 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to select eligible articles, and corresponding data were extracted from those articles. Subgroup analyses based on different cancer categories, doses and races were carried out to achieve comprehensive results. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 11.0. RESULTS: A total of 38 studies with 6742 cases were included after reading full text. Both UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 polymorphism are significantly associated with severe irinotecan-induced toxicity. Both Asian and Caucasian cancer patients with UGT1A1*28 variant had an increased risk. Compared with heterozygous variant, patients with homozygous variant suffered from a higher risk of toxicity. The effect of UGT1A1*28 polymorphism on diarrhea was less than on neutropenia. Subgroup analysis exhibited that for UGT1A1*6 polymorphism, patients treated with low-dose irinotecan were at a notable risk of toxicity. Moreover, the association between UGT1A1*6 polymorphism and irinotecan-induced toxicity was found in patients suffering from respiratory system cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Both UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28 polymorphisms can be considered as predictors of irinotecan-induced toxicity, with effect varying by race, cancer type and irinotecan dose.

MiRNA-221/222 in thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: A meta-analysis was performed to observe whether a difference in miRNA-221/222 expression exists in thyroid cancer with normal thyroid or BTLs (benign thyroid lesions) and, under this premise, assess its diagnostic efficacy for thyroid cancer. METHODS: Systematic electronic literature searches were conducted to include PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. The combined fold change (FC) was calculated, and pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-seven articles were included in this meta-analysis. The combined FC of miRNA-221/222 were 13.85 and 13.75 in thyroid cancer with normal control. For miRNA-221/222, the pooled sensitivity was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.73-0.85), specificity was 0.84 (95% CI = 0.76-0.90) and AUC (area under the curve) value was 0.88 (0.85-0.91). For miRNA-221, the pooled sensitivity was 0.82 (95% CI = 0.76-0.86) and specificity was 0.84 (95%CI = 0.74-0.91). For miRNA-222, the pooled sensitivity was 0.78 (95%CI = 0.68-0.85) and specificity was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.70-0.92). CONCLUSION: Differences in expression levels of miRNA-221/222 can provide clues for exploring the etiology of thyroid cancer. In addition, miRNA-221/222 were promising molecular biomarkers that may significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid cancer.

Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Arterial stiffness (AS) is a predictor of coronary artery outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) is a commonly used method for assessing AS. This study aimed to assess the relationship between cf-PWV and clinical CVD events. Of the 786 studies identified, 19 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that participants with high cf-PWV by 1 standard deviation (SD), 1 m/s, and cutoff points have a high pooled relative risk for CVD events (1 SD: 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.31; 1 m/s: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.18; and cutoff points: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.45-2.14) and CVD mortality (1 SD: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.15-1.31; 1 m/s: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14; and cutoff points: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.46-2.24). In addition, we found that the predictive value of increased AS was higher in patients with higher disease risk for total CVD events and CVD mortality than in other patients. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is a useful biomarker to improve the prediction of CV risk for patients and identify high-risk populations who may benefit from aggressive CV risk factor management.

Human biomonitoring of eight trace elements in urine of residents living in rural areas along the Yangtze River, China.

The rapid economic development and industrialization have made heavy metal contamination a great public concern, especially in China. However, the levels of heavy metals in human body, especially those susceptible to the effect of industrial progression, are rarely explored. In this study, eight elements in 2643 urinary samples of individuals living in rural areas along the Yangtze River were determined through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) and TAS-990 atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Cd). Two-level regression model was applied to explore the potential factors associated with the level of the eight trace elements. After adjusting for urinary creatinine, the geometric means were 77.5, 10.98, 14.39, 13.00, 0.59, 1.51, 489.62, and 1.80 µg/g for As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, and Cd, respectively. The level of eight elements varied among individual and familial characteristics. Compared with domestic and international results, the rural residents living in riverside areas had higher level of As, Cd, Cr, Fe, and Zn. Therefore, industrial progression followed by economic development has resulted in high body burden of heavy metals. Targeted public health policies should be made to improve the local environment and the recognition of potential risk factors.

Development of certified reference materials for electrolytes in human serum (GBW09124-09126).

Three reference materials, at relatively low, middle, and high concentrations, were developed for analysis of the mass fractions of electrolytes (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Cl, and Li) in human serum. The reference materials were prepared by adding high purity chloride salts to normal human serum. The concentration range of the three levels is within ±20% of normal human serum. It was shown that 14 units with duplicate analysis is enough to demonstrate the homogeneity of these candidate reference materials. The statistical results also showed no significant trends in both short-term stability test for 1 week at 40 °C and long-term stability test for 14 months. The certification methods of the six elements include isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), ion chromatography (IC), and ion-selective electrode (ISE). The certification methods were validated by international comparisons among a number of national metrology institutes (NMIs). The combined relative standard uncertainties of the property values were estimated by considering the uncertainties of the analytical methods, homogeneity, and stability. The range of the expanded uncertainties of all the elements is from 2.2% to 3.9%. The certified reference materials (CRMs) are primarily intended for use in the calibration and validation of procedures in clinical analysis for the determination of electrolytes in human serum or plasma. Graphical Abstract Certified reference materials for K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl and Li in human serum (GBW09124-09126).

The association of cancer risks with pentachlorophenol exposure: Focusing on community population in the areas along certain section of Yangtze River in China.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used in large quantities, and mainly for killing the intermediate host snails of schistosome in China, thereby resulting in ubiquitous PCP residue in the environment. However, studies considering the carcinogenicity of PCP for humans mainly focused on occupational workers, and the actual carcinogenicity of PCP for general population is uncertain. To investigate the association between cancer risks and PCP exposure in a community population, an ecological study was conducted in three contaminated areas along the Yangtze River. Standardized rate ratio (SRR) was calculated to represent the risk of cancer incidence, by using incidence in the low PCP exposure category as the reference group. A total of 15,962 cancer records were collected, and 76 water samples and 213 urine samples in three areas were examined. Our findings suggested that compared with the low PCP group, the high PCP group had significantly excessive incidences of various cancers related to different organs including lymph (SRR = 19.44, 95% CI = 15.00-25.19), blood (SRR = 17.24, 95% CI = 12.92-23.01), nasopharynx (SRR = 3.97, 95% CI = 3.75-4.21), gallbladder (SRR = 3.46, 95% CI = 3.09-3.87), pancreas (SRR = 3.41, 95% CI = 3.07-3.79), respiratory system (SRR = 3.41, 95% CI = 3.27-3.57) and liver (SRR = 3.31, 95% CI = 3.09-3.56). Taken together, our present study provides evidence that general community population exposed to high level of PCP exhibits a broader spectrum of increased cancer risks as compared to occupational groups.

Social participation, willingness and quality of life: A population-based study among older adults in rural areas of China.

AIM: The present study aimed to reflect the current situation of social participation in rural areas of China, willingness to participate in social activities, association between health-related quality of life and social participation, and factors related to social participation. METHODS: A total of 2644 rural adults aged 60 years and older were randomly selected and surveyed with a self-rating questionnaire. We used the unified definition of social participation in our study. The Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey was used to measure health-related quality of life. RESULTS: The overall engagement of social activities was 26%. Those who participated in social activities were more likely to have high scores of health-related quality of life. Older men with a high educational level (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.01-2.29) living alone or with a spouse (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.12), high objective social support (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.17) and high support utilization (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.21) were inclined to engage in social participation. Older women with high individual income (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.25-2.43), single marital status (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.11-2.10), normal weight (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.10-3.34), overweight (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.24-4.19), living alone or with a spouse (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.20-2.00), objective social support (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.18) and subjective social support (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.20) were more willing to engage in social participation. CONCLUSIONS: Engagement in social activities is relatively low in rural areas, and associations of willingness and health-related quality of life with social participation were found. Policy-makers and government workers should make appropriate types of encouragement policies around social participation for older adults in rural areas. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1593-1602.

[FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis of Humic-Like Substances Extracted from the Microbial Residues].

Drived by the soil microorganisms, the decomposition and transformation of cellulose plays an important role in the formation of humic substances. The techniques of infrared spectrum combining with element analysis were adopted to compare the structural differences of humic-like substances (HLA, humic-like acid; Hu, humin) extracted from the microbial residues formed in the liquid shake-flask culture (70 days), in which the single fungi (Trichoderma viride, Penicillium and Aspergillus niger) and mixed strains participated. The results showed that: (1) The combination of two techniques could clarify the molecu- lar structure of HLA extracted from the microbial residues, however, it remained to be further discussed in terms of analyzing the structures of Hu; (2) Trichoderma viride was beneficial to the condensation of HLA extracted from its microbial residue, but Penicillium was more favorable to the degradation of HLA. (3) The oxidative degradation of HLA fractions extracted the microbial residues was implemented by Penicillium and mixed strains. Both of the mixed strains and Aspergillus niger were helpful to transfer the inorganic N compounds from the culture media into the organic N components of HLA and Hu extracted from the microbial residues, simultaneously increase their amino C contents and then provide the indispensable N source for the humification process.

Crystal structure of (E)-1-(4-chloro-phen-yl)ethanone O-de-hydro-abietyloxime.

The title compound, C28H34ClNO2 {systematic name: (E)-1-(4-chloro-phen-yl)ethanone O-[(1R,4aS,10aR)-7-isopropyl-1,4a-di-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octa-hydro-phenanthrene-1-carbonyl]oxime}, was synthesized from de-hydro-abietic acid. In the de-hydro-abietyl moiety, the central and terminal cyclo-hexane rings display chair and half-chair conformations, respectively, and a trans-ring junction. The C=N bond is in an E conformation and the C-O-N=C torsion angle is 148.1 (5)°. No directional inter-actions except van der Waals contacts occur in the crystal structure.

Crystal structure of (E)-1-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)ethanone O-de-hydro-abietyloxime.

In the title compound, C29H37NO3 {systematic name: (E)-1-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)ethanone O-[(1R,4aS,10aR)-7-isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octa-hydro-phenanthrene-1-carbon-yl]oxime}, a new derivative of de-hydro-abietic acid, the two cyclo-hexane rings exhibit a trans-ring junction and are in chair and half-chair conformations. The C=N double bond exhibits an E conformation.

Li-Se battery: absence of lithium polyselenides in carbonate based electrolyte.

The lithiation mechanism of the Li-Se cell in a carbonate-based electrolyte is discussed. It is found that Se is directly reduced to Li2Se in discharge without intermediate phases detected by in situ X-ray diffraction or X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The reason is that the redox products Se and Li2Se, as well as lithium polyselenides are insoluble in the electrolyte.

N,N-Di-methyl-dehydro-abietyl-ammonium chloride ethanol monosolvate.

The title compound {systematic name: 1-[(1R,4aS,10aR)-7-isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octa-hydro-phenan-thren-1-yl]-N,N-di-methyl-methanaminium chloride ethanol monosolvate}, C22H36N(+)·Cl(-)·C2H6O, was synthesized from dehydroabietylamine by N-methyl-ation with formaldehyde/formic acid and transformation into the hydro-chloride. The de-hydro-abietyl moiety exhibits the usual conformation with the two cyclo-hexane rings in chair and half-chair conformations and a trans-ring junction. The crystal structure is built up from columns of the de-hydro-abietyl moieties stacked along the a axis. These columns are held together by the chloride ions via N-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯Cl inter-actions, which establish a two-dimensional network parallel to (010). The ethanol solvent mol-ecules are located between the columns and anchored via O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.