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1.
BMJ Case Rep ; 15(11)2022 Nov 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36368737

RESUMEN

Siponimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator used as disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis similar to Fingolimod which has been known to cause dose dependent fingolimod associated macular oedema (FAME). We report a case of delayed onset bilateral cystoid macular oedema in a patient with stable proliferative diabetic retinopathy who developed cystoid macular oedema in the setting of siponimod (Mayzent; Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) use. As with FAME, cystoid macular oedema resolved in the patient's eyes with drug cessation and adjunctive topical anti-inflammatory therapy. We highlight unique fluorescein angiographic findings within this class of drugs as well as the clinical challenge posed by comorbid diabetic and inflammatory ophthalmic pathology.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Retinopatía Diabética , Edema Macular , Humanos , Edema Macular/diagnóstico por imagen , Edema Macular/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema Macular/etiología , Retinopatía Diabética/complicaciones , Retinopatía Diabética/tratamiento farmacológico , Clorhidrato de Fingolimod/uso terapéutico , Agudeza Visual , Fluoresceínas
3.
Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep ; 25: 101266, 2022 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35106402

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Syndrome (APS) is a rare condition caused by an autoimmune failure of two or more endocrine glands. In this case, we report the ocular findings and correlated histopathology from a human eye donor with a prior clinical history of Type 1 APS. OBSERVATIONS: The 23 year-old patient originally presented with blurred vision at the 20/125 level caused by papilledema of the right eye. Bilateral pigmentary changes in the peripheral retinal were also noted. The patient passed away due to electrolyte abnormalities related to autoimmune illness. Histopathology of the posterior segments documents that these pigmentary changes were caused by pigment deposition around inner retinal vessels with corresponding outer retina atrophy. Postmortem genetic sequence analyses revealed a homozygous R257X (C to T substitution) mutation within exon 6 of the AIRE gene. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: The retinal findings in Type 1 Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Syndrome resemble those observed in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa, suggesting that similar pathological processes occur in both.

4.
J Cataract Refract Surg ; 48(4): 481-486, 2022 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34371510

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To quantify the damage to the corneal endothelium from the flow of a balanced salt solution during phacoemulsification. SETTING: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: 12 New Zealand white rabbits received bilateral surgery. 6 eyes served as controls with no irrigation (incision only). In 18 eyes, the Intrepid Balanced tip of the Centurion Ozil (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) handpiece was inserted into the anterior chamber for continuous irrigation at 50 mL/min with either 250 or 500 mL of balanced salt solution. After killing humanely and enucleation, the corneas were removed, stained with trypan blue-alizarin red, and photographed in a standardized manner (×400 photographs from 5 specific areas and 1 overview photograph from each corneal button). The ImageJ program was used to evaluate cell damage and loss in the photographs obtained from each cornea. RESULTS: Analysis of the ×400 photographs showed no statistically significant differences between control, 250 mL, and 500 mL groups in the percentage of intact, damaged, or lost cells (P = .896, .851, and .972 respectively). For the overview photographs, the differences in areas of intact and damaged cells among the groups were statistically significant, likely because of the peripheral areas of damage related to touches between the phacoemulsification tip and the endothelium during irrigation. CONCLUSIONS: The volume of balanced salt solution flow alone did not seem to be a major contributing source of endothelial cell damage and loss, providing further insight into mechanisms of corneal endothelium damage during phacoemulsification.


Asunto(s)
Extracción de Catarata , Facoemulsificación , Animales , Cámara Anterior , Córnea , Endotelio Corneal , Humanos , Conejos
5.
J Cataract Refract Surg ; 48(2): 177-184, 2022 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34261985

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To describe the findings of a recently described syndrome, the dead bag syndrome, in which the capsular bag appears to be clear many years postoperatively, becoming diaphanous and floppy and unable to support the intraocular lens (IOL) within it. SETTING: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. DESIGN: Case series with clinicopathological correlation. METHODS: Of 10 cases suspected to represent a dead bag syndrome, 8 IOLs and 7 capsular bags were removed because of subluxation or dislocation. The 7 capsular bags available for analysis were fixed in formalin and submitted to histopathological examination (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome stains). The associated explanted IOLs in 5 cases were also examined microscopically. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination of the 7 capsular bags showed capsular thinning and/or splitting. Lens epithelial cells (LECs) were completely absent on 2 specimens, whereas the other 5 specimens had rare LECs on the inner surface of the capsule. Explanted IOLs were 3-piece silicone IOLs or single-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOLs. 1 IOL optic showed a small amount of granular pigment deposition, but the optics of the other 4 IOLs were unremarkable. CONCLUSIONS: In this syndrome, there seems to be an absence of secondary proliferation of LECs and fibrotic changes. The capsule shows some signs of degradation, such as thinning and/or splitting. Weakness of zonular attachments seems to be an associated finding, with subsequent in-the-bag IOL dislocation. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the etiology of this condition.


Asunto(s)
Cápsula del Cristalino , Lentes Intraoculares , Facoemulsificación , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Diseño de Prótesis
6.
J Cataract Refract Surg ; 48(3): 349-354, 2022 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34224479

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To compare corneal endothelial damage from longitudinal and torsional ultrasound during phacoemulsification. SETTING: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: 9 New Zealand white rabbits underwent bilateral surgery. After incision, the Intrepid Balanced Tip of the Centurion Ozil handpiece was inserted into the anterior chamber, and the following settings were used: 50 mL/min flow, 70 mm Hg intraocular pressure, 600 mm Hg vacuum, and 60% longitudinal (1 eye) or torsional (contralateral eye) ultrasound for 30 seconds. Cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) was noted. After euthanasia and enucleation, the corneas were removed, stained with trypan blue/alizarin red, and photographed (400× photographs from 5 specific areas and 1 overview photograph from each corneal button). The ImageJ program was used to evaluate cell damage and loss in the photographs obtained from each cornea. RESULTS: Cavitation bubbles around the phacoemulsification tip were generally observed in the longitudinal group. CDE was 17.4 ± 0.58 and 6.93 ± 0.15 in the longitudinal and torsional groups, respectively (P = .003). The percentage of intact cells was statistically higher in the torsional group (94.22% ± 5.99% vs 56.85% ± 22.29%), and the percentage of lost cells was statistically higher in the longitudinal group (42.10% ± 22.02% vs 4.97% ± 6.23%) (P = .003). This was observed in the analysis of the 400× photographs and the overview photographs. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that torsional ultrasound was associated with significantly less corneal endothelial cell damage than classical longitudinal tip motion, providing further insight on mechanisms of corneal endothelial damage during phacoemulsification.


Asunto(s)
Extracción de Catarata , Facoemulsificación , Animales , Córnea/cirugía , Pérdida de Celulas Endoteliales de la Córnea/diagnóstico , Pérdida de Celulas Endoteliales de la Córnea/cirugía , Células Endoteliales , Conejos
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