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INTRODUCTION: Diet-based interventions may be a culturally acceptable option to decrease mercury levels and thus prevent the adverse effects of this metal on population health. Selenium is an element present in Colombian geology that can act as a chelator, decreasing mercury concentrations in the human body. OBJECTIVE: To identify potentially useful selenium-rich foods to control the effects of mercury exposure among Afro-Colombians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 320 individuals from five municipalities of Chocó. They were asked about the frequency of consumption of selenium-rich foods, and their association with mercury concentrations in hair was estimated with multiple robust regression. RESULTS: Guava, whole wheat flour, strawberries, cow liver, spinach and yeast extract were the foods with higher consumption. Walnuts, whole wheat flour, and yeast extract were identified in multiple robust regression as foods to consider in future interventions. CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the banana juice, the pineapple colada, the borojó (Borojoa patinoi) sorbet, the cucas, and the enyucado are basic elements for a culturally acceptable intervention.
Introducción: Las intervenciones basadas en la dieta pueden ser una opción culturalmente aceptable para disminuir los niveles de mercurio y prevenir los efectos adversos de este metal en la salud de la población. El selenio es un elemento presente en la geología colombiana que puede actuar como quelante, disminuyendo las concentraciones de mercurio en el cuerpo humano. Objetivo: Identificar los alimentos ricos en selenio potencialmente útiles para controlar los efectos de la exposición a mercurio entre afrocolombianos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 320 individuos de cinco municipios del departamento del Chocó. Se les preguntó sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en selenio y su asociación con las concentraciones de mercurio en cabello fue estimada con regresión múltiple robusta. Resultados: La guayaba, la harina de trigo integral, las fresas, el hígado de vaca, la espinaca y el extracto de levadura fueron los alimentos de mayor consumo. Las nueces, la harina de trigo integral y el extracto de levadura fueron identificados en regresión múltiple robusta como alimentos por considerar en futuras intervenciones. Conclusiones: Se propone que el jugo de plátano, la piña colada, el sorbete de borojó (Borojoa patinoi), las cucas, el enyucado y la sábida de plátano primitivo maduro son elementos básicos para una intervención culturalmente aceptable.
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Dieta , Mercurio , Selenio , Femenino , Humanos , Colombia , Estudios Transversales , Selenio/administración & dosificación , TriticumRESUMEN
Introduction. Diet-based interventions may be a culturally acceptable option to decrease mercury levels and thus prevent the adverse effects of this metal on population health. Selenium is an element present in Colombian geology that can act as a chelator, decreasing mercury concentrations in the human body. Objective. To identify potentially useful selenium-rich foods to control the effects of mercury exposure among Afro-Colombians. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 320 individuals from five municipalities of Chocó. They were asked about the frequency of consumption of selenium-rich foods, and their association with mercury concentrations in hair was estimated with multiple robust regression. Results. Guava, whole wheat flour, strawberries, cow liver, spinach and yeast extract were the foods with higher consumption. Walnuts, whole wheat flour, and yeast extract were identified in multiple robust regression as foods to consider in future interventions. Conclusion. It is proposed that the banana juice, the pineapple colada, the borojó (Borojoa patinoi) sorbet, the cucas, and the enyucado are basic elements for a culturally acceptable intervention.
Introducción. Las intervenciones basadas en la dieta pueden ser una opción culturalmente aceptable para disminuir los niveles de mercurio y prevenir los efectos adversos de este metal en la salud de la población. El selenio es un elemento presente en la geología colombiana que puede actuar como quelante, disminuyendo las concentraciones de mercurio en el cuerpo humano. Objetivo. Identificar los alimentos ricos en selenio potencialmente útiles para controlar los efectos de la exposición a mercurio entre afrocolombianos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 320 individuos de cinco municipios del departamento del Chocó. Se les preguntó sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en selenio y su asociación con las concentraciones de mercurio en cabello fue estimada con regresión múltiple robusta. Resultados. La guayaba, la harina de trigo integral, las fresas, el hígado de vaca, la espinaca y el extracto de levadura fueron los alimentos de mayor consumo. Las nueces, la harina de trigo integral y el extracto de levadura fueron identificados en regresión múltiple robusta como alimentos por considerar en futuras intervenciones. Conclusiones. Se propone que el jugo de plátano, la piña colada, el sorbete de borojó (Borojoa patinoi), las cucas, el enyucado y la sábida de plátano primitivo maduro son elementos básicos para una intervención culturalmente aceptable.
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Selenio , Dieta , Mercurio , Etnicidad , MineríaRESUMEN
The contexts where there are mining and agriculture activities are potential sources of risk to human health due to contamination by chemical mixtures. These contexts are frequent in several Colombian regions. This study explored the potential association between the frequency of micronuclei and pesticides and elements in regions with ferronickel (Montelibano, Córdoba) and gold (Nechí, Antioquia) mining, and a closed native mercury mine (Aranzazu, Caldas), with an emphasis in the potential effect of selenium as a potential chelator. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 247 individuals. Sociodemographic, occupational, and toxicological variables were ascertained. Blood and urine samples were taken for pesticide analysis (5 organophosphates, 4 organochlorines, and 3 carbamates), 68 elements were quantified in hair, and micronuclei were quantified in lymphocytes. The mixtures of elements were grouped through principal component analysis. Prevalence ratios were estimated with robust variance Poisson regressions to explore associations. Interactions of selenium with toxic elements were explored. The highest concentrations of elements were in the active mines. The potentially most toxic chemical mixture was observed in the ferronickel mine. Pesticides were detected in a low proportion of participants (<2.5%), except paraoxon-methyl in blood (27.55%) in Montelibano and paraoxon-ethyl in blood (18.81%) in Aranzazu. The frequency of micronuclei was similar in the three mining contexts, with means between 4 to 7 (p = 0.1298). There was great heterogeneity in the exposure to pesticides and elements. The "hormetic effect" of selenium was described, in which, at low doses, it acts as a chelator in Montelibano and Aranzazu, and at high doses, it can enhance the toxic effects of other elements, maybe as in Nechí. Selenium can serve as a protective agent, but it requires adaptation to the available concentrations in each region to avoid its toxic effects.
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The Colombian mining industry has witnessed significant growth. Depending on the scale and mineral extracted, complex chemical mixtures are generated, impacting the health of occupationally exposed populations and communities near mining projects. Increasing evidence suggests that chromosomal instability (CIN) is an important link between the development of certain diseases and exposure to complex mixtures. To better understand the effects of exposure to complex mixtures we performed a biomonitoring study on 407 healthy individuals from four areas: three located in municipalities exploiting different-scale mining systems and a reference area with no mining activity. Large, medium, and small-scale mining systems were analyzed in Montelibano (Córdoba), artisanal and small-scale mining (ASGM) in Nechí (Antioquia), and a closed mining system in Aranzazu (Caldas). The reference area with no mining activity was established in Montería (Córdoba). ICP-MS measured multi-elemental exposure in hair, and CIN was evaluated using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique (MNBN). Exposure to mixtures of chemical elements was comparable in workers and residents of the mining areas but significantly higher compared to reference individuals. In Montelibano, increased MNBN frequencies were associated with combined exposure to Se, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Mg. This distinct pattern significantly differed from other areas. Specifically, in Nechí, Cr, Ni, Hg, Se, and Mg emerged as the primary contributors to elevated frequencies of MNBN. In contrast, a combination of Hg and Ni played a role in increasing MNBN in Aranzazu. Interestingly, Se consistently correlated with increased MNBN frequencies across all active mining areas. Chemical elements in Montelibano exhibit a broader range compared to other mining zones, reflecting the characteristics of the high-impact and large-scale mining in the area. This research provides valuable insights into the effects of exposure to chemical mixtures, underscoring the importance of employing this approach in the risk assessment of communities, especially those from residential areas.
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RESUMEN Objetivos Este estudio buscó comprender la problemática sanitaria asociada con la presencia de plomo y mercurio en el agua del río Bogotá. Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio mixto con entrevistas, encuesta y mediciones de zinc protoporfirina (ZPP) y mercurio en sangre a 172 individuos. Se identificaron variables asociadas con las mayores concentraciones, y mediante análisis comparativo cualitativo los atributos de los casos con mayor exposición. Resultados Las entrevistas reportaron que la contaminación del río se asocia con enfermedades, pese a que la exposición directa al agua no es frecuente. El agua del río es usada ampliamente para riego de cultivos que se venden en otros municipios. Las comunidades con mayor exposición al agua del río son de Tocaima y Girardot. Los mayores niveles de ZPP se observaron entre quienes vivían en estos municipios, con ocupación hogar y que realizaban actividades extralaborales con metales. Los niveles elevados de ZPP se asociaron con depresión, sangrado nasal y pérdida del apetito. Las mayores concentraciones de mercurio se presentaron entre habitantes de Girardot. Estas se asociaron con sudoración, desorientación, náuseas y diarrea. Conclusión Se presentaron bajos niveles de plomo y mercurio en la población estudiada, aunque hay casos específicos con alta vulnerabilidad social que requieren atención especial.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objectives This study sought to understand the health problems associated with the presence of lead and mercury in the water of the Bogotá River. Materials and Methods A mixed methods study was conducted using interviews, surveys and measurements of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and mercury in blood from 172 individuals. Variables associated with the highest concentrations were identified, as well as the attributes of the cases with increased exposure by means of a qualitative comparative analysis. Results Interviews reported that river pollution is associated with diseases, although direct exposure to water is rare. River water is widely used for irrigation of crops that are sold in other municipalities. Communities with greater exposure to river water are Tocaima and Girardot. The highest levels of ZPP were observed among those living in these municipalities, did activities at home and performed non-work activities using metals. Increased ZPP levels were associated with depression, nasal bleeding and loss of appetite. The highest concentrations of mercury were found in the inhabitants of Girardot, and were associated with sweating, disorientation, nausea and diarrhea. Conclusion Low levels of lead and mercury were observed in the study population, although there are specific cases with high social vulnerability that require special attention.(AU)
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Humanos , Contaminación del Agua/análisis , Salud Ambiental/normas , Plomo/efectos adversos , Mercurio/efectos adversos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to understand the health problems associated with the presence of lead and mercury in the water of the Bogotá River. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mixed methods study was conducted using interviews, surveys and measurements of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and mercury in blood from 172 individuals. Variables associated with the highest concentrations were identified, as well as the attributes of the cases with increased exposure by means of a qualitative comparative analysis. RESULTS: Interviews reported that river pollution is associated with diseases, although direct exposure to water is rare. River water is widely used for irrigation of crops that are sold in other municipalities. Communities with greater exposure to river water are Tocaima and Girardot. The highest levels of ZPP were observed among those living in these municipalities, did activities at home and performed non-work activities using metals. Increased ZPP levels were associated with depression, nasal bleeding and loss of appetite. The highest concentrations of mercury were found in the inhabitants of Girardot, and were associated with sweating, disorientation, nausea and diarrhea. CONCLUSION: Low levels of lead and mercury were observed in the study population, although there are specific cases with high social vulnerability that require special attention.
OBJETIVOS: Este estudio buscó comprender la problemática sanitaria asociada con la presencia de plomo y mercurio en el agua del río Bogotá. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio mixto con entrevistas, encuesta y mediciones de zinc protoporfirina (ZPP) y mercurio en sangre a 172 individuos. Se identificaron variables asociadas con las mayores concentraciones, y mediante análisis comparativo cualitativo los atributos de los casos con mayor exposición. RESULTADOS: Las entrevistas reportaron que la contaminación del río se asocia con enfermedades, pese a que la exposición directa al agua no es frecuente. El agua del río es usada ampliamente para riego de cultivos que se venden en otros municipios. Las comunidades con mayor exposición al agua del río son de Tocaima y Girardot. Los mayores niveles de ZPP se observaron entre quienes vivían en estos municipios, con ocupación hogar y que realizaban actividades extralaborales con metales. Los niveles elevados de ZPP se asociaron con depresión, sangrado nasal y pérdida del apetito. Las mayores concentraciones de mercurio se presentaron entre habitantes de Girardot. Estas se asociaron con sudoración, desorientación, náuseas y diarrea. CONCLUSIÓN: Se presentaron bajos niveles de plomo y mercurio en la población estudiada, aunque hay casos específicos con alta vulnerabilidad social que requieren atención especial.
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Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Plomo/toxicidad , Mercurio/toxicidad , Ríos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Contaminación Química del Agua/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Entrevistas como Asunto , Plomo/análisis , Plomo/sangre , Masculino , Mercurio/análisis , Mercurio/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Protoporfirinas/sangre , Investigación Cualitativa , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/sangre , Contaminación Química del Agua/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Mercury (Hg) exposure is a public health concern due to its persistence in the environment and its high toxicity. Such toxicity has been associated with the generation of oxidative stress in occupationally exposed subjects, such as artisanal gold miners. In this study, we characterize occupational exposure to Hg by measuring blood, urine and hair levels, and investigate oxidative stress and DNA methylation associated with gold mining. To do this, samples from 53 miners and 36 controls were assessed. We show higher levels of oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG in the miners. Differences in LINE1 and Alu(Yb8) DNA methylation between gold miners and control group are present in peripheral blood leukocytes. LINE1 methylation is positively correlated with 8-OHdG levels, while XRCC1 and LINE1 methylation are positively correlated with Hg levels. These results suggest an effect of Hg on oxidative stress and DNA methylation in gold miners that may have an impact on miners' health.
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RESUMEN Introducción: El impacto en la salud que ocasiona el uso de plaguicidas en los agricultores se debe principalmente a las prácticas inadecuadas en el manejo de los mismos. Objetivo: Identificar los posibles efectos adversos en la salud y el ambiente asociados al uso y manejo de plaguicidas en el cultivo de papa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal en el municipio de Totoró, departamento de Cauca (Colombia), con una muestra de 125 trabajadores. A cada individuo seleccionado se le aplicó encuesta y recolectó una muestra de 10 ml de sangre para determinar la actividad de la enzima acetilcolinesterasa tanto en plasma como en eritrocitos por la técnica de Michel. Resultados: El 74,4% (n=93) de los trabajadores empleaban plaguicidas en su trabajo y el 49,6% (n=62) los usaban en el hogar. La mayor frecuencia de uso de plaguicidas tanto en el trabajo como en el hogar está dado por los organofosforados. En relación con la determinación de la actividad de la enzima acetilcolinesterasa, el 8,0% (n=10) de los individuos presentaron inhibición de la acetilcolinesterasa eritrocitaria. Conclusiones: El mayor porcentaje de los plaguicidas empleados en el trabajo pertenecen a la categoría toxicológica III, medianamente tóxicos, seguido por la categoría I (extremadamente tóxicos). El plaguicida más frecuentemente utilizado en el trabajo fue el Manzate de categoría toxicológica III, mientras que en casa fue el Furadan (categoría toxicológica I). La inhibición de la AChE fue mínima aunque se informó del uso de plaguicidas organofosforados, carbamatos y ditiocarbamatos, entre otros.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The health impact caused by the use of pesticides on farmers is mainly due to poor practices in managing them. Objective: To identify possible adverse effects on health and the environment associated with the use and management of pesticides in potato crops. Metodology: cross sectional study in the municipality of Totoro, Cauca department (Colombia), with a sample of 125 workers. Each selected individual survey was applied and collected a sample of 10 ml of blood to determine the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase both plasma and erythrocytes by Michel technique. Results: 74.4% (n = 93) of workers employed pesticides in their work and 49.6% (n = 62) used them at home. The highest frequency of pesticide use both at work and at home is given by organophosphates. Regarding the determination of the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, 8.0% (n = 10) of individuals they presented erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Conclusion: The highest percentage of the pesticides used at work belong to the toxicity category III, moderately toxic, followed by the category I (extremely toxic). The pesticide used most often at work was Manzate of toxicity category III, while at home was the Furadan (toxicological category I). AChE inhibition was minimal but the reported the use of organophosphates, carbamates and dithiocarbamates, among others.
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Humanos , Insecticidas Organofosforados , Carbamatos , Biomarcadores , Exposición Profesional , AgriculturaRESUMEN
Objetivo Caracterizar la forma en que los agricultores se exponen a los plaguicidas y se presenta la intoxicación. Materiales y Métodos Estudio multi-métodos y multinivel (individuo y comunidad), que incluyó métodos etnográficos, encuesta y medición de plaguicidas en agua y muestras humanas. Resultados Se describió el proceso productivo y se conocieron los principales factores de riesgo. Los plaguicidas son considerados el mayor peligro en el trabajo y en sus viviendas. Los trabajadores tienen precarias condiciones laborales y no están protegidos por el sistema de riesgos laborales. En las muestras de agua se encontraron azinfos-metil, endosulfán, b-BHC, bromofos-metil, bromofos-etil y 2,4-DDT. En la encuesta participaron 381 trabajadores de los cuales 12,9, 68 y 5,5 % tuvieron intoxicaciones leves, moderadas y severas, respectivamente. Los casos severos tenían menores niveles de escolaridad, menor nivel de afiliación al régimen contributivo del sistema de seguridad social y un mayor número tenía enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes, herpes u otras infecciones virales. Conclusión Existen precarias condiciones laborales que favorecen la exposición a plaguicidas caracterizadas por la exclusión del sistema de riesgos laborales, pobreza y baja educación. Es urgente la inclusión de estos trabajadores al sistema de riesgos laborales y la mejora de las condiciones de vida. De esa manera se podrán disminuir las prácticas inseguras en el manejo de plaguicidas.(AU)
Objective Large quantities of pesticides are used in rice crops. The aim of this study is to characterize how farmers are exposed to pesticides and subsequent poisoning. Materials and Methods A multilevel (individual and community) multi-method study, which included ethnographic and survey methods, as well as measurement of pesticides in water and human samples, was performed. Results The production process is described and the main risk factors are presented. Pesticides are considered the greatest danger at work and at their homes. Workers have poor working conditions and are not protected by the system of occupational risks. Azinphos-methyl, endosulfan, β-BHC, bromophos-methyl, bromophos-ethyl and 2,4- DDT were found in water samples. The survey included 381 workers with mild (12.86 %), moderate (67.98 %) and severe (5.51 %) poisonings respectively. Severe cases presented lower levels of education, lower levels of health care access to the contributory regimen of the Colombian social security system and higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, herpes or other viral infections. Conclusion There are precarious working conditions that favor exposure to pesticides correlated to the exclusion of farmers from the occupational risk system, to poverty and to poor education. It is urgent to include these workers to the system of occupational risk system and to improve their living conditions, thus reducing unsafe practices when handling pesticides.(AU)
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Humanos , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Salud Ambiental , Salud Rural , Colombia , Investigación Cualitativa , Antropología CulturalRESUMEN
Objective Large quantities of pesticides are used in rice crops. The aim of this study is to characterize how farmers are exposed to pesticides and subsequent poisoning. Materials and Methods A multilevel (individual and community) multi-method study, which included ethnographic and survey methods, as well as measurement of pesticides in water and human samples, was performed. Results The production process is described and the main risk factors are presented. Pesticides are considered the greatest danger at work and at their homes. Workers have poor working conditions and are not protected by the system of occupational risks. Azinphos-methyl, endosulfan, ß-BHC, bromophos-methyl, bromophos-ethyl and 2,4- DDT were found in water samples. The survey included 381 workers with mild (12.86 %), moderate (67.98 %) and severe (5.51 %) poisonings respectively. Severe cases presented lower levels of education, lower levels of health care access to the contributory regimen of the Colombian social security system and higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, herpes or other viral infections. Conclusion There are precarious working conditions that favor exposure to pesticides correlated to the exclusion of farmers from the occupational risk system, to poverty and to poor education. It is urgent to include these workers to the system of occupational risk system and to improve their living conditions, thus reducing unsafe practices when handling pesticides.
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Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/inducido químicamente , Productos Agrícolas , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Oryza , Plaguicidas/envenenamiento , Agricultura , Colombia , Agricultores , Humanos , Plaguicidas/análisis , Plaguicidas/sangre , Investigación Cualitativa , Factores Socioeconómicos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/envenenamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Institutions that supply occupational health services must offer services that are reliable and of high quality across the spectrum of industrial hygiene and safety needs. OBJECTIVE: Services for occupational health were identified at several institutions, and the technical quality and reliability of these services were compared in different regions of Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study identified the services available for industrial hygiene and safety in 15 cities of Colombia. A survey was conducted in 192 institutions offering such services and a statistical analysis of these results was undertaken. This sample was taken from a nationwide list of institutions purportedly licensed for this activity. RESULTS: Thirty-two percent (61) of the evaluated institutions provided hygiene services, and 48% (93) provided safety services. The range of health services was provided on a subcontract basis both for professional personnel and the equipment. Six institutions in the area of industrial hygiene and 1 in the area of industrial security were supplying services with pending or suspended institutional licenses. CONCLUSION: Deficiencies in the quality, infrastructure and levels of automation were identified at institutions that supply services of hygiene and industrial security. The resulting recommendatios are that the Ministry of the Social Protection fortifies mechanisms for (1) the evaluation and control of the supplied services, and (2) verify that the institutional activity is in accordance with current and valid licensing.
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Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/provisión & distribución , Salud Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Colombia , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Concesión de Licencias , Salud Laboral/normas , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
Introducción. Las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de prevención de riesgos laborales tienen la función de ofrecer servicios técnicos y confiables en salud ocupacional, seguridad e higiene industrial. Objetivo. Identificar la oferta de servicios existentes respecto a la prevención de riesgos laborales (parte de higiene y seguridad industrial), considerando sus características técnicas y de calidad, en diferentes regiones del país. Materiales y métodos. Corresponde a un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal (2009-2010) de cobertura nacional (15 ciudades) para identificar la oferta de servicios de higiene y seguridad industrial. Se obtuvo un listado nacional de instituciones con licencia para prestar este tipo de servicios, se seleccionó una muestra de 192 instituciones, se aplicó una encuesta y se hizo el análisis estadístico de la información. Resultados. Sesenta y una (31,77 %) de las instituciones evaluadas prestan servicios de higiene y, 93 (48,44 %), de seguridad industrial. El estudio evidenció una oferta de servicios de higiene basada en la subcontratación. Se encontró que 6 (6,52 %) instituciones en el área de higiene industrial y 1 (0,52 %) en el área de seguridad industrial, no contaban con licencia vigente para la prestación del servicio. Conclusión. Se identificaron deficiencias en la calidad, condiciones de infraestructura y tecnificación de las instituciones que ofrecen servicios de higiene y seguridad industrial. Es necesario que el Ministerio de la Protección Social fortalezca los mecanismos para la evaluación y control de los servicios ofrecidos y revise la forma en que hoy se expiden las licencias que autorizan la prestación de estos servicios.
Introduction. Institutions that supply occupational health services must offer services that are reliable and of high quality across the spectrum of industrial hygiene and safety needs. Objective. Services for occupational health were identified at several institutions, and the technical quality and reliability of these services were compared in different regions of Colombia. Materials and methods. This descriptive study identified the services available for industrial hygiene and safety in 15 cities of Colombia. A survey was conducted in 192 institutions offering such services and a statistical analysis of these results was undertaken. This sample was taken from a nationwide list of institutions purportedly licensed for this activity. Results. Thirty-two percent (61) of the evaluated institutions provided hygiene services, and 48% (93) provided safety services. The range of health services was provided on a subcontract basis both for professional personnel and the equipment. Six institutions in the area of industrial hygiene and 1 in the area of industrial security were supplying services with pending or suspended institutional licenses. Conclusion. Deficiencies in the quality, infrastructure and levels of automation were identified at institutions that supply services of hygiene and industrial security. The resulting recommendatios are that the Ministry of the Social Protection fortifies mechanisms for (1) the evaluation and control of the supplied services, and (2) verify that the institutional activity is in accordance with current and valid licensing.