Base-assisted synthesis of 4-pyridinate gold(I) metallaligands: a study of their use in self-assembly reactions.

The synthesis of di- and tritopic gold(i) metallaligands of the type [(Au4-py)2(µ2-diphosphane)] (diphosphane = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)isopropane or dppip (1), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane or dppe (2), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane or dppp (3) and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane or dppb (4)) and [(Au4-py)3(µ3-triphosphane)] (triphosphane = 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)ethane or triphos (5) and 1,3,5-tris(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene or triphosph (6)) from [(AuCl)2(µ2-diphosphane)] or [(AuCl)3(µ3-triphosphane)] and 4-pyridylboronic acid in the presence of Cs2CO3 has been conducted. Interestingly, when [(AuCl)2(µ2-dppm)] (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane) was used as a starting material, the cyclic tetranuclear gold(i) compound [(Au4-py)2(CH)2{µ2-Au(PPh2)2}2] (I) was obtained instead. All the products have been characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis and in the case of 1, 3, 5 and I by X-ray crystallography, which showed the presence of aurophilic interactions in all of them. The obtained metallaligands have been used as building blocks in self-assembly reactions with cis-blocked palladium or platinum acceptor moieties producing [2 + 2] metallamacrocycles or trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) [2 + 3] metallacages in good yields. The photophysical properties of both the metallaligands and the corresponding assemblies have been investigated.

Improving Screening for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency with Direct Testing in the Pulmonary Function Testing Laboratory.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a common but highly underdiagnosed genetic disorder that may lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and liver disease. Early diagnosis is key to altering the course of disease as well as informing family members of potential risk. This randomized, prospective observational study compares the different testing modalities for AATD testing of at-risk patients initiated in the pulmonary function testing (PFT) laboratory. Providing a recommendation with a prescription for serologic testing, providing a finger-stick testing method (AlphaKit), and providing a buccal swab testing method (AlphaID) were compared to the community standard of referring the patient back to the PFT-ordering provider only. Results show that testing directly in the PFT laboratory has an odds ratio (OR) for completing testing of 35.14 (5.33 - 999.99), p-value of <0.0001, for buccal swab testing and an OR of 17.09 (2.58 - 729.99), p-value of 0.0002, for finger-stick testing compared to the community standard. Providing a prescription was no better than referral back to the PFT-ordering provider with an OR of 2.61(0.33 - 119.36), p-value of 0.6412. Resources needed to have testing performed by the Respiratory Therapy department were minimal with an average time of 1 to 5 minutes per patient tested. Causes of testing refusal were also identified. In conclusion, direct testing for AATD by respiratory therapists at the conclusion of PFT testing shows a significant improvement in rates of testing, especially with testing that utilizes buccal swab sample collection.

Enumeration of salmonellae in table eggs, pasteurized egg products, and egg-containing dishes by using quantitative real-time PCR.

Salmonellae are a major cause of food-borne outbreaks in Europe, with eggs and egg products being identified as major sources. Due to the low levels of salmonellae in eggs and egg products, direct quantification is difficult. In the present study, enrichment quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was employed for enumeration of salmonellae in different matrices: table eggs, pasteurized egg products, and egg-containing dishes. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. enterica serovar Tennessee were used to artificially contaminate these matrices. The results showed a linear regression between the numbers of salmonellae and the quantification cycle (Cq) values for all matrices used, with the exception of pasteurized egg white. Standard curves were constructed by using both stationary-phase cells and heat-stressed cells, with similar results. Finally, this method was used to evaluate the fate of salmonellae in two egg-containing dishes, long egg and tiramisu, at abused refrigeration temperatures, and results indicated the growth of bacteria over a 1-week period. In conclusion, enrichment qPCR was shown to be reliable for enumeration of salmonellae in different egg products.

[Linkage between live birth and infant death records in a municipality in Northeast Brazil: quality of the information system]. / Linkage entre bancos de dados de nascidos vivos e óbitos infantis em município do Nordeste do Brasil: qualidade dos sistemas de informação.

The objective was to analyze the quality of the information systems for live births (SINASC) and mortality (SIM) based on database linkages. SINASC contained 11,182 certificates of live birth (CLB) from Jan. 1, 2000, to Dec. 31, 2002, and the SIM database recorded 233 death certificates (DC) for infants (< one year of age) from Jan. 1, 2000, to Dec. 31, 2003, 207 infant death investigations from Jan. 1, 2000, to Dec. 31, 2004, and 17 CLB attached to infant death investigations. Each DC was matched with a CLB through manual review. Of the 11,182 births in SINASC, 69 duplicate CLB and 3 CLB without the mother's name were eliminated. The 211 SIM/infant death investigations showed the following: 25 CLB (35.2% of deaths), 33 CLB (55.9% of deaths), 57 CLB (75% of deaths), and 4 CLB (80% of deaths). For 92 DC (43.6% of 211 deaths), matching was not possible, since there was no CLB. Infant death investigations were an important complementary source of 53 DC and 17 CLB. The study contributed to evaluation of the data quality and identification of flaws, favoring the reliability of birth and infant death records.