Elevated mir-141 in obesity: Insights into the interplay with sirtuin 1 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Changes in gene expression related to obesity are linked to microRNAs, such as miR-141, which play a crucial role in metabolic homeostasis. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular functions and metabolism, is implicated in obesity and the ensuing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this research was to evaluate the levels of miR-141 and its relationship with SIRT1 and NAFLD. Methods: A group of 100 adults (50 with obesity and 50 with normal-weight) were selected and underwent complete clinical evaluation and anthropometric measurements. Biochemical parameters were assessed in blood serum, and the levels of miR-141 in plasma were measured by real-time PCR. The expression of the SIRT1 gene was also evaluated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells using Real-time PCR. The ELISA technique was used to determine insulin levels. Liver steatosis was assessed by ultrasound. Results: The results showed that levels of miR-141 were significantly increased in participants with obesity compared with the control group. Conversely, the expression of the SIRT1 gene in individuals with obesity was lower than that in control participants. A strong negative correlation was observed between miR-141 and SIRT1 and a strong positive association was observed between miR-141 and metabolic parameters. Furthermore, participants with fatty liver had significantly elevated levels of miR-141 gene expression and lower expression of SIRT1 gene, compared to those without fatty liver. Conclusion: elevated levels of miR-141 in individuals with obesity might be a contributing factor in the repression of SIRT1 in obesity and its consequences, including NAFLD. Therefore, miR-141 might serve as a suitable diagnostic and therapeutic target in obesity and NAFLD.

Adipose triglyceride lipase gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with obesity and its association with insulin resistance, inflammation and lipid accumulation in liver.

Introduction: Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a crucial enzyme responsible for the release of fatty acids from various tissues. The expression of ATGL is regulated by insulin and this enzyme is linked to Insulin resistance (IR). On the other hand, ATGL-mediated lipolysis is connected to macrophage function and thus, ATGL is involved in inflammation and the pathogenesis of lipid-related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ATGL, obesity, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), and inflammation. Methods: A total of 100 participants, including 50 individuals with obesity and 50 healthy participants, were recruited for this study and underwent comprehensive clinical evaluations. Blood samples were collected to measure plasma lipid profiles, glycemic indices, and liver function tests. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and used for the assessment of the gene expression of ATGL, using real-time PCR. Furthermore, PBMCs were cultured and exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with simultaneous ATGL inhibition, and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, along with the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), were measured. Results: The gene expression of ATGL was significantly elevated in PBMCs obtained from participants with obesity and was particularly higher in those diagnosed with MetS. It exhibited a correlation with insulin levels and Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), and it was associated with lipid accumulation in the liver. Stimulation with LPS increased ATGL expression in PBMCs, while inhibition of ATGL attenuated the inflammatory responses induced by LPS. Conclusions: Obesity and MetS were associated with dysregulation of ATGL. ATGL might play a role in the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and act as a significant contributor to the development of metabolic abnormalities related to obesity.

The advantages and disadvantages of sleeve gastrectomy; clinical laboratory to bedside review.

Sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical technique and a leading method in metabolic surgery. Sleeve gastrectomy gained ever-increasing popularity among laparoscopic surgeons involved in bariatric surgery and has proved to be a successful method in achieving considerable weight loss in a short time. There are some disparate effects that patients may experience after sleeve gastrectomy including a reduction in BMI, weight, blood pressure, stroke, and cancer and also a significant remission in obesity-related diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D), Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and craniopharyngioma-related hypothalamic obesity as well as non-obesity-related diseases such as gout, musculoskeletal problems, ovarian disorders and urinary incontinence. The most common complications of sleeve gastrectomy are bleeding, nutrient deficiencies, and leakage. There are several studies on the impact of gender and ethnic disparities on post-operative complications. This study collects state of the art of reports on sleeve gastrectomy. The aim of this study was to analyze recent studies and review the advantages and disadvantages of sleeve gastrectomy.