RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with numerous cardiac complications, including arrhythmias, cardiac fibrosis, remodeling and heart failure. Here we evaluated the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) to treat cardiac complications in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. METHODS: After obesity induction and HFD withdrawal, obese mice were treated with MSCs, CM or vehicle. Cardiac function was assessed using electrocardiography, echocardiography and treadmill test. Body weight and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Cardiac tissue was used for real time (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathologic analysis. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: Characterization of CM by protein array showed the presence of different cytokines and growth factors, including chemokines, osteopontin, cystatin C, Serpin E1 and Gas 6. HFD-fed mice presented cardiac arrhythmias, altered cardiac gene expression and fibrosis reflected in physical exercise incapacity associated with obesity and diabetes. Administration of MSCs or CM improved arrhythmias and exercise capacity. This functional improvement correlated with normalization of GATA4 gene expression in the hearts of MSC- or CM-treated mice. The gene expression of connexin 43, troponin I, adiponectin, transforming growth factor (TGF) ß, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) were significantly reduced in MSCs, but not in CM-treated mice. Moreover, MSC or CM administration reduced the intensity of cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that MSCs and CM have a recovery effect on cardiac disturbances due to obesity and corroborate to the paracrine action of MSCs in heart disease models.
Asunto(s)
Medios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Corazón/fisiopatología , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/métodos , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Animales , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiología , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Fibrosis/genética , Fibrosis/patología , Factor de Transcripción GATA4/genética , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular/metabolismo , Masculino , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/fisiología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Miocardio/patología , Obesidad/etiologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Fetales/diagnóstico por imagen , Hernias Diafragmáticas Congénitas/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Ultrasonografía Prenatal/métodos , Realidad Virtual , Femenino , Fetoscopía/métodos , Feto , Hernias Diafragmáticas Congénitas/cirugía , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Interfaz Usuario-ComputadorAsunto(s)
Imagenología Tridimensional , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Modelos Anatómicos , Embarazo Cuádruple , Gemelos Monocigóticos , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Adulto , Cesárea , Transferencia de Embrión , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , EmbarazoAsunto(s)
Microcefalia/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Diagnóstico Prenatal/métodos , Infección por el Virus Zika/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Microcefalia/virología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Ultrasonografía Prenatal/métodosRESUMEN
We report on four cases of fetal cervical tumor, comprising three lymphangiomas and one teratoma, evaluated by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 26 and 37 weeks' gestation. The aim was to investigate the use of virtual bronchoscopy to evaluate fetal airway patency in each case. A three-dimensional (3D) model of the airway was created from overlapping image layers generated by MRI. The files obtained were manipulated using 3D modeling software, allowing the virtual positioning of observation cameras, adjustment of lighting parameters and creation of simulated 3D movies for analysis of a virtual path through the model. In all fetuses, fetal airway patency was clearly demonstrated by virtual bronchoscopy and this was confirmed postnatally. MRI with virtual bronchoscopy could become a useful tool for studying fetal airway patency in cases of cervical tumor.
Asunto(s)
Broncoscopía/métodos , Feto/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/complicaciones , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Sistema Respiratorio/patología , Femenino , Enfermedades Fetales/patología , Humanos , Linfangioma/complicaciones , Masculino , Embarazo , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , Tercer Trimestre del Embarazo , Teratoma/complicacionesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To generate physical fetal models using images obtained by three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) to guide additive manufacturing technology. METHODS: Images from 33 fetuses, including three sets of twins, were used. Fifteen fetuses were normal and evaluated only by 3DUS. Eighteen cases had abnormalities such as conjoined twins, tumors, aneuploidy, skeletal abnormalities, central nervous system abnormalities and facial or thoracic defects. Scans were performed using high-resolution 3DUS. In cases of abnormalities, MRI and CT were performed on the same day as 3DUS. The images obtained with 3DUS, CT or MRI were exported to a workstation in DICOM format. A single observer performed slice-by-slice manual segmentation using a digital high-definition screen. Software that converts medical images into numerical models was used to construct virtual 3D models, which were physically realized using additive manufacturing technologies. RESULTS: Physical models based on 3DUS, MRI and CT images either separately or combined were successfully generated. They were remarkably similar to the postnatal appearance of the aborted fetus or newborn baby, especially in cases with pathology. CONCLUSION: The use of 3DUS, MRI and CT may improve our understanding of fetal anatomical characteristics, and these technologies can be used for educational purposes and as a method for parents to visualize their unborn baby. The images can be segmented and applied separately or combined to construct 3D virtual and physical models.
Asunto(s)
Feto/anatomía & histología , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Modelos Anatómicos , Femenino , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Embarazo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Only ten cases of the rare occurrence of a malignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumor (MPNST) arising in a ganglioneuroma either de novo or at a site of previous irradiation have been reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present two children who at the age of 19 months and 6 months were diagnosed with a cervicothoracic ganglioneuroblastoma and a retroperitoneal neuroblastoma, respectively. They both received radiation therapy as part of the treatment of their disease. RESULTS: Following a 12-year interval, MPNST arose inside a benign ganglioneuroma in both patients. We illustrate the imaging findings in these two cases and review the cases reported in the literature to increase awareness of this association among radiologists.
Asunto(s)
Ganglioneuroblastoma/patología , Neoplasias de la Vaina del Nervio/patología , Neoplasias Peritoneales/patología , Neoplasias Torácicas/patología , Femenino , Ganglioneuroblastoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglioneuroblastoma/terapia , Humanos , Lactante , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/patología , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/terapia , Neoplasias de la Vaina del Nervio/radioterapia , Nervios Periféricos/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias Peritoneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Peritoneales/terapia , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Torácicas/terapia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Os autores fazem uma correlacao entre os aspectos anatomo-patologicos e os achados radiologicos da pielonefrite cronica, alem de tecerem comentarios acerca da incidencia, etiopatogenia e quadro clinico desta entidade