QMix: An Efficient Program to Automatically Estimate Multi-Matrix Mixture Models for Amino Acid Substitution Process.

The single-matrix amino acid (AA) substitution models are widely used in phylogenetic analyses; however, they are unable to properly model the heterogeneity of AA substitution rates among sites. The multi-matrix mixture models can handle the site rate heterogeneity and outperform the single-matrix models. Estimating multi-matrix mixture models is a complex process and no computer program is available for this task. In this study, we implemented a computer program of the so-called QMix based on the algorithm of LG4X and LG4M with several enhancements to automatically estimate multi-matrix mixture models from large datasets. QMix employs QMaker algorithm instead of XRATE algorithm to accurately and rapidly estimate the parameters of models. It is able to estimate mixture models with different number of matrices and supports multi-threading computing to efficiently estimate models from thousands of genes. We re-estimate mixture models LG4X and LG4M from 1471 HSSP alignments. The re-estimated models (HP4X and HP4M) are slightly better than LG4X and LG4M in building maximum likelihood trees from HSSP and TreeBASE datasets. QMix program required about 10 hours on a computer with 18 cores to estimate a mixture model with four matrices from 200 HSSP alignments. It is easy to use and freely available for researchers.

Effect of Dual-Organic Cations on the Structure and Properties of 2D Hybrid Perovskites as Scintillators.

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) crystals show promise as scintillating materials for wide-energy radiation detection, outperforming their three-dimensional counterparts. In this study, we synthesized single crystals of (PEA2-xBZAx)PbBr4 (x ranging from 0.1 to 2), utilizing phenethylammonium (C6H5CH2CH2NH3+) and benzylammonium (C6H5CH2NH3+) cations. These materials exhibit favorable optical and scintillation properties, rendering them suitable for high light yield (LY) and fast-response scintillators. Our investigation, employing various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved (TR) PL, Raman spectroscopy, radioluminescence (RL), thermoluminescence (TL), and scintillation measurements, unveiled lattice strain induced by dual-organic cations in powder X-ray diffraction. Density functional theory analysis demonstrated a maximal 0.13 eV increase in the band gap with the addition of BZA cation addition. Notably, the largest Stokes shift of 0.06 eV was observed in (BZA)2PbBr4. The dual-organic cation crystals displayed >80% fast component scintillation decay time, which is advantageous for the scintillating process. Furthermore, we observed a dual-organic cations-induced enhancement of electron-hole transfer efficiency by up to 60%, with a contribution of >70% to the fast component of scintillation decay. The crystal with the lowest BZA concentration, (PEA1.9BZA0.1)PbBr4, demonstrated the highest LYs of 14.9 ± 1.5 ph/keV at room temperature. Despite a 55-70% decrease in LY for BZA concentrations >5%, simultaneous reductions in scintillation decay time (12-32%) may work for time-of-flight positron emission tomography and photon-counting computed tomography. Our work underscores the crucial role of dual-organic cations in advancing our understanding of 2D-HOIP crystals for materials science and radiation detection applications.

Estimating amino acid substitution models from genome datasets: a simulation study on the performance of estimated models.

Estimating parameters of amino acid substitution models is a crucial task in bioinformatics. The maximum likelihood (ML) approach has been proposed to estimate amino acid substitution models from large datasets. The quality of newly estimated models is normally assessed by comparing with the existing models in building ML trees. Two important questions remained are the correlation of the estimated models with the true models and the required size of the training datasets to estimate reliable models. In this article, we performed a simulation study to answer these two questions based on simulated data. We simulated genome datasets with different numbers of genes/alignments based on predefined models (called true models) and predefined trees (called true trees). The simulated datasets were used to estimate amino acid substitution model using the ML estimation methods. Our experiments showed that models estimated by the ML methods from simulated datasets with more than 100 genes have high correlations with the true models. The estimated models performed well in building ML trees in comparison with the true models. The results suggest that amino acid substitution models estimated by the ML methods from large genome datasets are a reliable tool for analyzing amino acid sequences.

Lattice Expansion in Rb-Doped Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Crystals Resulting in Smaller Band-Gap and Higher Light-Yield Scintillators.

Two-dimensional hybrid-organic-inorganic perovskite (2D-HOIP) lead bromide perovskite crystals have demonstrated great potential as scintillators with high light yields and fast decay times while also being low cost with solution-processable materials for wide energy radiation detection. Ion doping has been also shown to be a very promising avenue for improvements of the scintillation properties of 2D-HOIP crystals. In this paper, we discuss the effect of rubidium (Rb) doping on two previously reported 2D-HOIP single crystals, BA2PbBr4 and PEA2PbBr4. We observe that doping the perovskite crystals with Rb ions leads to an expansion of the crystal lattices of the materials, which also leads to narrowing of band gaps down to 84% of the pure compounds. Rb doping of BA2PbBr4 and PEA2PbBr4 shows a broadening in the photoluminescence and scintillation emissions of both perovskite crystals. Rb doping also leads to faster γ-ray scintillation decay times, as fast as 4.4 ns, with average decay time decreases of 15% and 8% for Rb-doped BA2PbBr4 and PEA2PbBr4, respectively, compared to those of undoped crystals. The inclusion of Rb ions also leads to a slightly longer afterglow, with residual scintillation still being below 1% after 5 s at 10 K, for both undoped and Rb-doped perovskite crystals. The light yield of both perovskites is significantly increased by Rb doping with improvements of 58% and 25% for BA2PbBr4 and PEA2PbBr4, respectively. This work shows that Rb doping leads to a significant enhancement of the 2D-HOIP crystal performance, which is of particular significance for high light yield and fast timing applications, such as photon counting or positron emission tomography.

Estimating amino acid substitution models for metazoan evolutionary studies.

Amino acid substitution models represent the substitution rates among amino acids during the evolution of protein sequences. The models are a prerequisite for maximum likelihood or Bayesian methods to analyse the phylogenetic relationships among species based on their protein sequences. Estimating amino acid substitution models requires large protein datasets and intensive computation. In this paper, we presented the estimation of both time-reversible model (Q.met) and time non-reversible model (NQ.met) for multicellular animals (Metazoa). Analyses showed that the Q.met and NQ.met models were significantly better than existing models in analysing metazoan protein sequences. Moreover, the time non-reversible model NQ.met enables us to reconstruct the rooted phylogenetic tree for Metazoa. We recommend researchers to employ the Q.met and NQ.met models in analysing metazoan protein sequences.

Temperature dependent scintillation properties and mechanisms of (PEA)2PbBr4 single crystals.

In this work the scintillation properties of PEA2PbBr4 are studied as function of temperature, accessing the potential use of these materials for low temperature applications. The scintillation properties and mechanism have been studied using a combination of temperature dependent photoluminescence emission and excitation, X-ray excited emission and decay measurements. At room temperature the X-ray excited emission is dominated by the 442 nm emission with a lifetime of 35.2 ns. Under UV-Vis photon excitation an additional emission peak is observed at 412 nm. At 10 K, both X-ray and UV-Vis photon excited emission spectra show a narrow emission peak at 412 nm and a broad emission band centred around 525 nm with a lifetime of 1.53 ns (24%) and 154 ns (76%) respectively. The exact nature of the observed emission peaks is not known. For this reason two potential mechanisms explaining the difference between UV-Vis photon and X-ray excitation and their temperature dependent emissions are explored. The total spectral intensity decreases to 72% of the intensity at room temperature at 10 K. It is suggested that the observed negative thermal quenching behaviour results from a combination of more self absorption and a higher degree of self trapped exciton formation under X-ray excitation. Based on the observed fast decay component at 10 K and light yield of 9400 photons per MeV at room temperature, showing only a 28% decrease at 10 K, could make this material potentially interesting for low temperature and fast timing applications.

Enhanced Thermal Stability of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Through Triphenylphosphine Interface Passivation.

While extensive research has driven the rapid efficiency trajectory noted to date for organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their thermal stability remains one of the key issues hindering their commercialization. Herein, a significant reduction in surface defects (a precursor to perovskite instability) could be attained by introducing triphenylphosphine (TPP), an effective Lewis base passivator, to the vulnerable perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD interface. Not only did TPP passivation enable a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.22 % to be achieved, these devices also exhibited superior ambient and thermal stability. Unlike the pristine device, which exhibited a sharp descend to 16 % of its initial PCE on storing in relative humidity of 10 %, at 85 °C for more than 720 h, the TPP-passivated devices retained 71 % of its initial PCE. Hence, this study presents a facile yet excellent approach to attain high-performing yet thermally stable PSCs.

nQMaker: Estimating Time Nonreversible Amino Acid Substitution Models.

Amino acid substitution models are a key component in phylogenetic analyses of protein sequences. All commonly used amino acid models available to date are time-reversible, an assumption designed for computational convenience but not for biological reality. Another significant downside to time-reversible models is that they do not allow inference of rooted trees without outgroups. In this article, we introduce a maximum likelihood approach nQMaker, an extension of the recently published QMaker method, that allows the estimation of time nonreversible amino acid substitution models and rooted phylogenetic trees from a set of protein sequence alignments. We show that the nonreversible models estimated with nQMaker are a much better fit to empirical alignments than pre-existing reversible models, across a wide range of data sets including mammals, birds, plants, fungi, and other taxa, and that the improvements in model fit scale with the size of the data set. Notably, for the recently published plant and bird trees, these nonreversible models correctly recovered the commonly estimated root placements with very high-statistical support without the need to use an outgroup. We provide nQMaker as an easy-to-use feature in the IQ-TREE software (http://www.iqtree.org), allowing users to estimate nonreversible models and rooted phylogenies from their own protein data sets. The data sets and scripts used in this article are available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3tx95x6hx. [amino acid sequence analyses; amino acid substitution models; maximum likelihood model estimation; nonreversible models; phylogenetic inference; reversible models.].

Facile hydrothermal synthesis of MXene@antimony nanoneedle composites for toxic pollutants removal.

A new 2D transition metal carbides family noted that MXene with antimony (Sb) nano-needles composites have demonstrated potential applications for photocatalytic dye degradations applications. Single-step synthesis of novel structures two/one-dimensional MXene@antimony nanoneedle (MX@Sb-H) nanocomposite-based photocatalysts is produced employing hydrothermal technique. The preparations and characterizations were compared with hand mixture preparations of pure TiO2@Sb and MXene (MX@Sb-M). The crystallographic structure was identified employing X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and main sharp XRD peaks were observed with diffraction angle with orientations planes for all three samples TiO2@Sb, MX@Sb-M and MX@Sb-H. The micro-Raman spectroscopy explored key vibration modes centered at 151.72 and 637.52 cm-1 corresponding to Ti and Sb hybrid composites respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of functional group peaks at 609.16 and 868.80 cm-1 revealed Ti-OH/Sb-O-C stretching. The morphological investigations of horizontal growth for "Sb" nanoneedle on MXene nanosheets were explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degradation efficiency was calculated. The efficiency calculated were 27%, 38%, 68% and 82% for MB solution, TiO2@Sb added MB, MX-Sb-M added MB and MX-Sb-H added MB solution and the efficiency were 32%, 38%, 50% and 65% for pure RhB solution, TiO2@Sb added RhB, MX-Sb-M added RhB and MX-Sb-H added RhB solution. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2@Sb, MX@Sb-M and MX@Sb-H was examined. Among these MX@Sb-H nanocomposite was demonstrated the high photocatalytic action in expressions of rate stability of photocatalytic dye degradations.

Stable and Bright Commercial CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot-Resin Layers for Apparent X-ray Imaging Screen.

CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) have recently gained much interest due to their excellent optical and scintillation properties and their potential for X-ray imaging applications. In this study, we blended CsPbBr3 QDs with resin at different QD concentrations to achieve thick films and to protect the CsPbBr3 QDs from environmental moisture. Then, their scintillation properties are investigated and compared to the traditional commercial scintillators, CsI:Tl microcolumns, and Gadox layers. The CsPbBr3 QD-resin sheets show a high light yield of up to 21 500 photons/MeV at room temperature and a relatively small variation in light yield across a wide temperature range. In addition, the CsPbBr3 QD-resin sheets feature a small scintillation afterglow. The CsPbBr3 QD-resin sheets show a negligible trap density for the concentration below 50% weight, indicating that traps might arise from the aggregation of the QDs. The CsPbBr3 QD-resin sheets are also very stable at low irradiation intensities and relatively stable at higher intensities, with higher CsPbBr3 QD concentrations being more stable. Gamma-ray-excited-time-resolved emission measurements at 662 keV showed that the CsPbBr3 QD-resin sheets have an average scintillation decay time between 108 and 176 ns, which are still 10 000 and 6000 times faster than CsI:Tl and Gadox, respectively. Imaging tests show that the CsPbBr3 QD-resin sheets have a mean transfer function of 50% at 2 lp/mm and 20% at 4 lp/mm, comparable to that of commercial Gadox layers. This feature makes CsPbBr3 QD-resin sheets a good candidate for the low-cost, flexible X-ray imaging screens and γ-ray applications.

Light-Harvesting in Biophotonic Optofluidic Microcavities via Whispering-Gallery Modes.

Phycobiliproteins are a class of light-harvesting fluorescent proteins existing in cyanobacteria and microalgae, which harvest light and convert it into electricity. Owing to recent demands on environmental-friendly and renewable apparatuses, phycobiliproteins have attracted substantial interest in bioenergy and sustainable devices. However, converting energy from biological materials remains challenging to date. Herein, we report a novel scheme to enhance biological light-harvesting through light-matter interactions at the biointerface of whispering-gallery modes (WGMs), where phycobiliproteins were employed as the active gain material. By exploiting microdroplets as a carrier for light-harvesting biomaterials, strong local electric field enhancement and photon confinement at the cavity interface resulted in significantly enhanced bio-photoelectricity. A threshold-like behavior was discovered in photocurrent enhancement and the WGM modulated fluorescence. Systematic studies of biologically produced photoelectricity and optical mode resonance were carried out to illustrate the impact of the cavity quality factor, structural geometry, and refractive indices. Finally, a biomimetic system was investigated by exploiting cascade energy transfer in phycobiliprotein assembly composed of three light-harvesting proteins. The key findings not only highlight the critical role of optical cavity in light-harvesting but also offer deep insights into light energy coupling in biomaterials.

Pure and Ce-doped spinel CuFe2O4 photocatalysts for efficient rhodamine B degradation.

Wastewater management is becoming a serious issue worldwide. To enhance the reuse of wastewater, one has to remove toxic pollutants present in it. High amount of dye is present in wastewater, and to remove these dyes is the large scope of this research. Herein, we report production of pure and Ce-doped copper ferrite via hydrothermal route. The synthesized nanoparticles were collected and analyzed by basic characterization techniques. The bandgap energy calculated for pure, 1% Ce, and 2% Ce-doped CuFe2O4 was found to be 2.77, 2.57, and 2.36eV, respectively. Reduction in bandgap was attributed to the doping element. The shape and size of pure and Ce-doped products were investigated using a scanning electron microscope. Agglomeration was observed in the pure copper ferrite sample. In the Ce-doped sample, agglomeration was clearly reduced and the 2% Ce-doped CuFe2O4 sample showed growth of small nanoparticles. They showed complete growth and were arranged in a uniform manner without agglomeration. The surface area of the 2% Ce-CuFe2O4 sample was found to be 65.89 m2/g with 7.02 nm pore diameter. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared material was observed for rhodamine B degradation. The pure and catalyst-added dye was exposed under visible light. The samples were tested for UV. The efficiency obtained for pure dye solution, pristine CuFe2O4-added, and 1% Ce and 2% Ce-doped CuFe2O4-added dye solutions were 48%, 50%, 66%, and 88% within 2 h of irradiation. The 2% Ce-doped CuFe2O4 sample showed excellent photocatalytic activity as the bandgap and morphology were enhanced by doping an appropriate ratio of Ce ions.

Cleaner production of tamarind fruit shell into bio-mass derived porous 3D-activated carbon nanosheets by CVD technique for supercapacitor applications.

This paper reported the successful preparation and characterization of bio-activated carbon nanosheets (ACNSs) synthesized from tamarind (tamarind indicia) fruits shells (TFSs) by employing Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) tubular furnace. The preparation of pure ACNSs and also potassium hydroxide (KOH) activated carbon nanosheets (K-ACNSs) were made through a pyrolysis process with Argon (Ar) gas as an inert gas at 800 °C for 2h 30min, followed by further purifications of K-ACNSs. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of ACNSs and K-ACNSs explored with and without pores respectively. The SEM micrographs also explored 3D-porous microstructure sheets with thickness around 18-65 nm. Raman spectroscopy explored crystallinity, SP2 order and graphitization at 1577-1589 cm-1. The major functional groups were also observed. The photoluminescence (PL) was analyzed for K-ACNSs materials and revealed carbon emission broad peak value at 521.3 nm. As prepared ACNSs and K-ACNSs active materials was applied for three-electrode materials of energy storage supercapacitor analysis of cyclic voltammeter for -0.4 - 0.15 V at scan rates of 10-100 mV/s. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed with low Rct values of K-ACNSs as 0.65Ω when compared to pure ACNSs as 5.03Ω. Mainly, the galvanostatic charge-discharge test carried out in ACNSs and KCNSs materials was corresponded to 77 and 245.03 F/g respectively, with respect to 1 A/g current density. Finally, we promise that this reported novel tamarind bio-waste into conductive porous carbon nanosheets could develop future energy storage applications of biomass-derived carbons.

Non-invasive super-resolution imaging through dynamic scattering media.

Super-resolution imaging has been revolutionizing technical analysis in various fields from biological to physical sciences. However, many objects are hidden by strongly scattering media such as biological tissues that scramble light paths, create speckle patterns and hinder object's visualization, let alone super-resolution imaging. Here, we demonstrate non-invasive super-resolution imaging through scattering media based on a stochastic optical scattering localization imaging (SOSLI) technique. After capturing multiple speckle patterns of photo-switchable point sources, our computational approach utilizes the speckle correlation property of scattering media to retrieve an image with a 100-nm resolution, an eight-fold enhancement compared to the diffraction limit. More importantly, we demonstrate our SOSLI to do non-invasive super-resolution imaging through not only static scattering media, but also dynamic scattering media with strong decorrelation such as biological tissues. Our approach paves the way to non-invasively visualize various samples behind scattering media at nanometer levels of detail.

QMaker: Fast and Accurate Method to Estimate Empirical Models of Protein Evolution.

Amino acid substitution models play a crucial role in phylogenetic analyses. Maximum likelihood (ML) methods have been proposed to estimate amino acid substitution models; however, they are typically complicated and slow. In this article, we propose QMaker, a new ML method to estimate a general time-reversible $Q$ matrix from a large protein data set consisting of multiple sequence alignments. QMaker combines an efficient ML tree search algorithm, a model selection for handling the model heterogeneity among alignments, and the consideration of rate mixture models among sites. We provide QMaker as a user-friendly function in the IQ-TREE software package (http://www.iqtree.org) supporting the use of multiple CPU cores so that biologists can easily estimate amino acid substitution models from their own protein alignments. We used QMaker to estimate new empirical general amino acid substitution models from the current Pfam database as well as five clade-specific models for mammals, birds, insects, yeasts, and plants. Our results show that the new models considerably improve the fit between model and data and in some cases influence the inference of phylogenetic tree topologies.[Amino acid replacement matrices; amino acid substitution models; maximum likelihood estimation; phylogenetic inferences.].

Improving single pixel imaging performance in high noise condition by under-sampling.

Single-pixel imaging could be a superior solution for imaging applications where the detector array is very expensive or not even available. Sampling order, sampling ratio, noise and type of transforms affect the quality of the reconstructed image. Here, we compare the performance of single pixel imaging (SPI) with Hadamard transform (HT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the presence of noise. The trade-off between adding image information and adding noise in each coefficient measurement results in an optimum number of measurements for reconstruction image quality. In addition, DCT shows higher image quality with fewer measurements than HT does. We then demonstrate our SPI with optimum sampling strategy for a large set of images and lab experiments and finally put forward a quality control technique, which is corroborated by the practical experiments. Our results suggest a practical approach for SPI to improve the speed and achieve the highest possible image quality.

Marigold flower like structured Cu2NiSnS4 electrode for high energy asymmetric solid state supercapacitors.

The growth in energy devices and the role of supercapacitors are increasingly important in today's world. Designing an electrode material for supercapacitors using metals that have high performance, superior structure, are eco-friendly, inexpensive and highly abundant is essentially required for commercialization. In this point of view, quaternary chalcogenide Cu2NiSnS4 with fascinating marigold flower like microstructured electrodes are synthesized using different concentrations of citric acid (0, 0.05 M, 0.1 M and 0.2 M) by employing solvothermal method. The electrode materials physicochemical characteristics are deliberated in detail using the basic characterization techniques. The electrochemical studies revealed better electrochemical performances, in particular, Cu2NiSnS4@0.1 M-CA electrode revealed high 1029 F/g specific capacitance at 0.5 A/g current density. Further, it retained 78.65% capacity over 5000 cycles. To prove the practical applicability, a full-cell asymmetric solid-state device is fabricated, and it delivered 41.25 Wh/Kg and 750 Wh/Kg energy and power density at 0.5 A/g. The optimum citric acid added Cu2NiSnS4 electrode is shown to be a promising candidate for supercapacitor applications.

Hybrid plasmonic nano-emitters with controlled single quantum emitter positioning on the local excitation field.

Hybrid plasmonic nano-emitters based on the combination of quantum dot emitters (QD) and plasmonic nanoantennas open up new perspectives in the control of light. However, precise positioning of any active medium at the nanoscale constitutes a challenge. Here, we report on the optimal overlap of antenna's near-field and active medium whose spatial distribution is controlled via a plasmon-triggered 2-photon polymerization of a photosensitive formulation containing QDs. Au nanoparticles of various geometries are considered. The response of these hybrid nano-emitters is shown to be highly sensitive to the light polarization. Different light emission states are evidenced by photoluminescence measurements. These states correspond to polarization-sensitive nanoscale overlap between the exciting local field and the active medium distribution. The decrease of the QD concentration within the monomer formulation allows trapping of a single quantum dot in the vicinity of the Au particle. The latter objects show polarization-dependent switching in the single-photon regime.

CoNiSe2 Nanostructures for Clean Energy Production.

Comparative investigation of the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity for clean energy production was performed by fabricating three different electrodes, namely, NiSe2, CoSe2, and CoNiSe2, synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. Cubic, orthorhombic, and hexagonal structures of NiSe2, CoSe2, and CoNiSe2 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and also by other characterization studies. Perfect nanospheres, combination of distorted nanospheres and tiny nanoparticles, and sharp-edge nanostructures of NiSe2, CoSe2, and CoNiSe2 were explored by surface morphological images. Higher OER activity of the binary CoNiSe2 electrode was achieved as 188 mA/g current density with a comparatively low overpotential of 234 mV along with higher conductivity and low charge transfer resistance when compared to its unary NiSe2 and CoSe2 electrodes. A low Tafel slope value of 82 mV/dec was also achieved for the same binary CoNiSe2 electrode in a half-cell configuration. The overall 100% retention achieved for all of the fabricated electrodes in a stability test of OER activity suggested that the excellent optimum condition was obtained during the synthesis. This could definitely be a revelation in the synthesis of novel binary combinations of affordable metal selenides for clean energy production.

Flexible, ultra-stable and color tunable fluorescent films based on all inorganic perovskite quantum dots embedded in polymer.

Colloidal perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (CPNCs)/polymers composites have attracted extensive attention due to their potential to be developed as flexible phosphor films for lighting applications. However, to maintain high quantum efficiency and photo stability of CPNCs in such composites remains a daunting challenge. Here, we have demonstrated a layered composite structure consisting of CPNCs and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with multi-color emission and long-term stability. By tuning the molar ratio between CsPbCl1.58Br1.42 and CsPbBr1.35I1.65, flexible fluorescent films as down-converter layers with a high luminescent efficiency and a controllable color temperature spanning from 3194 K to 5901 K have been demonstrated. Furthermore, due to embedding inside such composites, the quantum efficiency of CPNCs exhibited negligible changes during seven months in ambient conditions. The carrier dynamics based on time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) and transient absorption spectroscopy reveal that the hot electron tunneling and trapping process are significant in the composite film. This work provides a good understanding of CPNC materials in complex composite for the development of flexible, robust, color controllable fluorescent films for lighting applications.