Impact of a 6-12-h delay between ileocolic intussusception diagnostic US and fluoroscopic reduction on patients' outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Image-guided reduction of intussusception is considered a radiologic urgency requiring 24-h radiologist and technologist availability. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a delay of 6-12 h between US diagnosis and fluoroscopic reduction of ileocolic intussusception affects the success frequency of fluoroscopic reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 0-5-year-olds undergoing fluoroscopic reduction for ileocolic intussusception from 2013 to 2023. Exclusions were small bowel intussusception, self-reduced intussusception, first fluoroscopic reduction attempt>12 h after US, prior bowel surgery, inpatient status, and patient transferred for recurrent intussusception. Data collected included demographics, symptoms, air/contrast enema selection, radiation dose, reduction failure, 48-h recurrence, surgery, length of stay, and complications. Comparisons between<6-h and 6-12-h delays after ultrasound diagnosis were made using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U tests (P< 0.05 considered significant). RESULTS: Of 438 included patients, 387 (88.4%) were reduced in <6 h (median age 1.4 years) and 51 (11.7%) were reduced between 6 and 12 h (median age 2.05 years), with median reduction times of 1:42 and 7:07 h, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups for reduction success (<6 h 87.3% vs. 6-12 h 94.1%; P-value = 0.16), need for surgery (<6 h 11.1% vs. 6-12 h 3.9%; P-value=0.112), recurrence of intussusception within 48 h after reduction (<6 h 9.3% vs. 6-12 h 15.7%; P-value=0.154), or length of hospitalization (<6 h 21:07 h vs. 6-12 h 20:03 h; P-value=0.662). CONCLUSION: A delay of 6-12 h between diagnosis and fluoroscopic reduction of ileocolic intussusception is not associated with reduced fluoroscopic reduction success, need for surgical intervention after attempted reduction, recurrence of intussusception following successful reduction, or hospitalization duration after reduction.

Imaging Stewardship: Triage for Neuroradiology MR During Limited-Resource Hours.

OBJECTIVES: To decrease call burden on pediatric neuroradiologists, we developed guidelines for appropriate use of MR overnight. These guidelines were implemented using triage by in-house generalist pediatric radiologists. Process measures and balancing measures were assessed during implementation. METHODS: For this improvement project, interdepartmental consensus guidelines were developed using exploratory mixed-methods design. Implementation of triage used plan-do-study-act cycles. Process measures included reduction in the number of telephone calls, frequency of calls, triage decisions, and number and type of examinations ordered. Balancing measures included burden of time and effort to the generalist radiologists. Differences in examination orders between implementation intervals was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis, with significance at P < .05. RESULTS: Consensus defined MR requests as "do," "defer," or "divert" (to CT). Guidelines decreased neuroradiologist calls 74% while adding minimal burden to the generalist radiologists. Most nights had zero or one triage request and the most common triage decision was "do," and the most common examination was routine brain MR. Number of MR ordered and completed overnight did not significantly change with triage. DISCUSSION: Multidisciplinary consensus for use of pediatric neurological MR during limited resource hours overnight is an example of imaging stewardship that decreased the burden of calls and burnout for neuroradiologists while maintaining a comparable level of service to the ordering clinicians.

Imaging of pediatric adrenal tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper.

Adrenal tumors other than neuroblastoma are uncommon in children. The most frequently encountered are adrenocortical carcinoma and pheochromocytoma. This paper offers consensus recommendations for imaging of pediatric patients with a known or suspected primary adrenal malignancy other than neuroblastoma at diagnosis and during follow-up.

18F-6-Fluoro-l-Dopa PET/CT Imaging of Congenital Hyperinsulinism.

Congenital hyperinsulinism is characterized by persistent hypoglycemia due to inappropriate excess secretion of insulin resulting in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The clinical course varies from mild to severe, with a significant risk for brain damage. Imaging plays a valuable role in the care of infants and children with severe hypoglycemia unresponsive to medical therapy. 18F-6-fluoro-l-dopa PET/CT is the method of choice for the detection and localization of a focal lesion of hyperinsulinism. Surgical resection of a focal lesion can lead to a cure with limited pancreatectomy. This article reviews the role of 18F-6-fluoro-l-dopa PET/CT in the management of this vulnerable population.