Glycosylated pH-sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of capecitabine (CAP) were developed for targeting colorectal cancer. The MSNs possessed an average pore diameter of 8.12 ± 0.43 nm, pore volume of 0.73 ± 0.21 cm3/g, and particle size of 245.24 ± 5.75 nm. A high loading of 180.51 ± 5.23 mg/g attributed to the larger pore volume was observed. The surface of the drug-loaded MSNs were capped with chitosan-glucuronic acid (CHS-GCA) conjugate to combine two strategies viz. pH-sensitive, and lectin receptor mediated uptake. In vitro studies demonstrated a pH-sensitive and controlled release of CAP which was further enhanced in the presence of rat caecal content. Higher uptake of the (CAP-MSN)CHS-GCA was observed in HCT 116 cell lines. The glycosylated nanoparticles revealed reduction in the tumors, aberrant crypt foci, dysplasia and inflammation, and alleviation in the toxic features. This illustrated that the nanoparticles showed promising antitumor efficacy with reduced toxicity and may be used as a effective carrier against cancer.
Capecitabine/administration & dosage , Chitosan/chemistry , Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Drug Carriers/chemical synthesis , Glucuronic Acid/chemistry , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Animals , Capecitabine/pharmacokinetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemical synthesis , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/therapeutic use , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Delayed-Action Preparations/chemical synthesis , Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry , Delayed-Action Preparations/therapeutic use , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Carriers/therapeutic use , Drug Delivery Systems , Drug Liberation , Female , HCT116 Cells , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Particle Size , Porosity , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
This review investigates the significant role polysaccharide particles play in functional drug delivery. The importance of these systems is due to the wide variety of polysaccharides and their natural source meaning that they can provide biocompatible and biodegradable systems with a range of both biological and chemical functionality valuable for drug delivery. This functionality includes protection and presentation of working therapeutics through avoidance of the reticuloendothelial system, stabilization of biomacromolecules and increasing the bioavailability of incorporated small molecule drugs. Transport of the therapeutic is also key to the utility of polysaccharide particles, moving drugs from the site of administration through mucosal binding and transport and using chemistry, size and receptor mediated drug targeting to specific tissues. This review also scrutinizes the methods of synthesizing and constructing functional polysaccharide particle drug delivery systems that maintain and extend the functionality of the natural polysaccharides.
Drug Carriers/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Animals , Drug Liberation , Humans
