RESUMEN
La prescripción de actividad física para las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama depende de la evidencia que se pueda obtener del impacto fisiológico, psicológico y biológico del ejercicio físico sobre la disminución del riesgo recidiva. Objetivos: el propósito de este artículo es revisar los diferentes estudios publicados sobre el impacto del ejercicio en pacientes con cáncer de mama, que finalizaron el tratamiento de quimio y/o radioterapia con el fin de identificar la intensidad, frecuencia, tiempo de intervención, duración de las sesiones, tipo de trabajo realizado y las diferentes variables evaluadas. Método: se desarrolló una revisión de los estudios experimentales publicados sobre este tema desde 1995, se incluyeron 27 estudios y se examinó frecuencia, intensidad, duración de las sesiones, tiempo de intervención y efectos de la actividad física sobre las variables de control utilizadas. Resultados: siete estudios (58%) desarrollaron el programa de ejercicio durante un período de 24 semanas, seis (50%) platearon realizaron 3 sesiones por semana, en cinco (41%) la duración de las sesiones eran de 30 minutos, tres (25%) implementaron una intensidad 50-80% de la FC máx. Seis estudios (50%) evaluaron el IMC, el porcentaje de masa grasa y la calidad de vida, cinco (41%) evaluaron el VO2 máx., y dos (16%) utilizaron marcadores tumorales. Conclusiones: no se pudo establecer cuál es la intensidad, volumen, frecuencia y tiempo de duración que tiene un mejor impacto fisiológico en pacientes sobrevivientes al cáncer de mama. De igual forma, no se estableció el impacto de la actividad física sobre los biomarcadores
The prescription of physical activity for breast cancer survivors depends on the evidence that can be obtained as well as on the physiological, psychological and biological impact that physical activity may have in the reduction of relapse risk. Objectives: the purpose of this article is to review the different studies that have been published on the effect of exercise in breast cancer patients who had finished their radiation therapy and chemotherapy treatment to identify the intensity, frequency, duration of the exercise program, duration of the exercise sessions, type of physical activity and the different variables evaluated. Methods: a review of the experimental studies on this subject published from 1995 was conducted, 27 studies were included and the duration, frequency, intensity, duration of exercise sessions, intervention time and effects were examined. Results: seven studies (58%) conducted 24 week exercise programs, six studies (50%) proposed 3 exercise sessions per week, the exercise sessions of five (41%) studies lasted 30 minutes and the intensity of three studies (25%) was 50-80% of the MHR. Six studies (50%) evaluated the BMI, the body fat percentage and the quality of life, five studies (41%) evaluated the VO2 max., and two studies (16%) used tumor markers. Conclusions: the intensity, volume, frequency and duration with the best physiological impact on breast cancer survivors could not be determined. Likewise, the impact of physical activity on tumor markers was not established.
A prescrição de atividade física para as sobreviventes ao câncer de mama depende da evidencia que se pode obter do impacto fisiológico, psicológico e biológico do exercício físico sobre a diminuição do risco recidiva. Objetivos: O propósito deste artigo é revisar os diferentes estudos publicados sobre o impacto do exercício em pacientes com câncer de mama, que finalizaram o tratamento de quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia com o fim de identificar a intensidade, frequência, tempo de intervenção, duração das sessões, tipo de trabalho realizado e as diferentes variáveis avaliadas. Método: se desenvolveu uma revisão dos estudos experimentais publicados sobre este tema desde 1995, incluíram se 27 estudos e se examinou com frequência, intensidade, duração das sessões, tempo de intervenção e efeitos da atividade física sobre as variáveis de controle utilizadas. Resultados: Sete estudos (58%) desenvolveram o programa de exercício durante um período de 24 semanas, seis (50%) estabeleceram, realizaram 3 sessões por semana, em cinco (41%) a duração das sessões eram de 30 minutos, três (25%) implementaram uma intensidade 50-80% da FC Max. Seis estudos (50%) avaliaram o IMC, a porcentagem de massa grassa e a qualidade de vida, cinco (41%) avaliaram o VO2 máx., e dois (16%) utilizaram marcadores tumorais. Conclusões: Não se pôde estabelecer qual é a intensidade, volumem frequência e tempo de duração que tem um melhor impacto fisiológico em pacientes sobreviventes ao câncer de mama. De igual forma, não se estabeleceu o impacto da atividade física sobre os biomarcadores
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama , Ejercicio Físico , Actividad Motora , Calidad de Vida , SobrevivientesRESUMEN
Genetic factors can interfere with sporting performance. The identification of genetic predisposition of soccer players brings important information to trainers and coaches for individual training loads adjustment. Different responses to eccentric training could be observed by the genotype referred to as α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) in biomarkers of muscle damage, hormones and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to compare acute inflammatory responses, muscle damage and hormonal variations according to the eccentric training in soccer professional athletes with different genetic profiles of ACTN3 (XX, RX and RR). 37 soccer professional athletes (9 XX, 13 RX, 15 RR) were randomly divided into five stations associated to eccentric muscle contraction and plyometrics. Blood samples were taken from athletes pre-eccentric training, immediately after (post), 2- and 4-h post-eccentric training to determine hormone responses (cortisol and testosterone), muscle damage (CK and α-actin), and inflammatory responses (IL-6). After eccentric training, athletes XX presented higher levels for CK (4-h post), α-actin (post and 2-h post) and cortisol (post) compared to RR and RX athletes. However, RR and RX athletes presented higher levels of testosterone (post) and IL-6 (2 h post and 4 h post) compared to athletes XX. The main conclusion of this study is that professional soccer athletes homozygous to ACTN3XX gene are more susceptible to eccentric damage and present a higher catabolic state, demonstrated by metabolic, hormonal and immune responses post an eccentric training, in comparison to ACTN3RR and ACTN3RX groups.