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BACKGROUND/AIM: The Controlling Nutritional status (CONUT) score, a valuable tool evaluating the preoperative conditions of patients from a nutritional point of view, has been successfully adopted for a plethora of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, since rectal cancer has characteristics that differ from colon cancer (CC) and because, as of 2024, investigations targeted to surgical CC patients are lacking in the pertinent literature, we decided to assess the predictive role of this scoring system in relation to postoperative course and survival of surgical patients affected only by this malignancy. However, as of 2024, the existing literature on CONUT has typically treated colorectal cancer (CRC) as a single homogeneous entity, often combining results for both colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC). Since CC differs from RC in pathobiology, prognosis and treatment, we preferred to investigate CONUT in patients affected with CC in order to corroborate or refute the current knowledge on this score system when applied to CRC. With this stated aim, we proceeded to assess the predictive role of CONUT in relation to postoperative course and prognosis of patients who underwent CC surgery only. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 341 CC patients who underwent surgery at our Hospital between 2013 and 2018. Starting from serum measurements of lymphocytes, total cholesterol and albumin we used a simplified two-tier CONUT classification in order of increasing severity: high (score ≥3) and low score (scoring <3). RESULTS: On equal staging class and other clinicopathological terms, compared to their high score counterpart, low CONUT subjects went through postoperative complications (both nonsurgical and surgical ones) less frequently, shorter mean hospital stay (11.2 versus 15 days) and more favorable survival (both overall and disease-free survival) with statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In the light of our results, we encourage to systematically resort to the CONUT score classification in all CC patients scheduled for a curative surgery. Preoperative correction of CONUT parameters through artificial nutrition or other measures appears mandatory as it can drastically improve the postoperative course as well as the long-term prognosis of these subjects.
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Neoplasias del Colon , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias del Colon/cirugía , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/mortalidad , Pronóstico , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Evaluación Nutricional , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
A task force of the United Italian society of Endocrine Surgery (SIUEC) was commissioned to review the position statement on diagnostic, therapeutic and healthcare management protocol in parathyroid surgery published in 2014, at the light of new technologies, recent oncological concepts, and tailored approaches. The objective of this publication was to support surgeons with modern rational protocols of treatment that can be shared by health-care professionals, taking into account important clinical, healthcare and therapeutic aspects, as well as potential sequelae and complications. The task force consists of 12 members of the SIUEC highly trained and experienced in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The main topics concern diagnostic test and localization studies, mode of admission and waiting time, therapeutic pathway (patient preparation for surgery, surgical treatment, postoperative management, management of major complications), hospital discharge and patient information, outpatient care and follow-up, outpatient initial management of patients with pHPT.
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Hiperparatiroidismo Primario , Paratiroidectomía , Humanos , Hiperparatiroidismo Primario/cirugía , Italia , Paratiroidectomía/métodos , Sociedades Médicas , Complicaciones PosoperatoriasRESUMEN
Thyroid surgery is characterized by large volumes and typically affects a young female population. Mini-invasive or remote access surgical techniques are born driven by the desire to improve aesthetic outcomes of the traditional technique, following technological advances that have upset the surgical world in the last 20 years. In our multicenter, retrospective observational study, we first compared an endoscopic technique with a robotic one: minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) and robot-assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy (RATT). We evaluated intraoperative features, complications, and cosmetic outcomes in a cohort of 609 patients. The efficacy and safety of these techniques are proven by a large literature and the comparison made in our study does not show inferiority of one technique compared to the other. Even the aesthetic results tend to be equal in the long term. It is desirable that further prospective and randomized studies are conducted to evaluate the outcomes of these procedures and the cost-benefit ratio.
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Robótica , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Femenino , Tiroidectomía/métodos , Robótica/métodos , Endoscopía , Glándula Tiroides , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Parathyroid cancer (PC) is a rare sporadic or hereditary malignancy whose histologic features were redefined with the 2022 WHO classification. A total of 24 Italian institutions designed this multicenter study to specify PC incidence, describe its clinical, functional, and imaging characteristics and improve its differentiation from the atypical parathyroid tumour (APT). METHODS: All relevant information was collected about PC and APT patients treated between 2009 and 2021. RESULTS: Among 8361 parathyroidectomies, 351 patients (mean age 59.0 ± 14.5; F = 210, 59.8%) were divided into the APT (n = 226, 2.8%) and PC group (n = 125, 1.5%). PC showed significantly higher rates (p < 0.05) of bone involvement, abdominal, and neurological symptoms than APT (48.8% vs. 35.0%, 17.6% vs. 7.1%, 13.6% vs. 5.3%, respectively). Ultrasound (US) diameter >3 cm (30.9% vs. 19.3%, p = 0.049) was significantly more common in the PC. A significantly higher frequency of local recurrences was observed in the PC (8.0% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.022). Mortality due to consequences of cancer or uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism was 3.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic hyperparathyroidism, high PTH and albumin-corrected serum calcium values, and a US diameter >3 cm may be considered features differentiating PC from APT. 2022 WHO criteria did not impact the diagnosis.
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PURPOSE: The protective role of bariatric surgery (BS) against COVID-19 has been reported by several studies, showing, in the first pandemic waves, better outcome of the infection in patients that had undergone BS. With the virus progressive endemicity, BS benefits on COVID-19 clinical course could appear less evident, while COVID-19 effects on BS outcomes must be investigated. In this national multicentric cross-sectional study, we compared COVID-19 incidence and clinical course between a cohort of patients that had undergone BS (OP) and a cohort of candidates to BS (WS); moreover, we analyzed BS outcomes based on SARS-CoV-2 positivity/negativity. METHODS: From June to December 2021, 522 patients from five Italian referral centers were administered an 87-item telephonic questionnaire completing the analysis of electronic medical records. Demographics, COVID-19 "tested" incidence, suggestive symptoms and clinical outcome parameters of OP and WS were compared. BS outcomes parameters were compared between OP that developed the disease or not. RESULTS: COVID-19 incidence was the same in OP and WS, while symptoms and clinical course seemed milder in OP, with no data individually reaching statistical significance. OP who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher excess weight loss than negative OP (66.8% ± 22.1 vs. 57.7% ± 22.8, p = 0.029). Positive OP had had gastric-bypass (RYGB/OAGB) more frequently than negative ones (38.4% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.025). CONCLUSION: With the disease becoming endemic, BS protective role against COVID-19 seems clinically less relevant. BS outcomes can be affected by COVID-19, thus imposing careful follow-up for positive patients, especially if undergoing gastric-bypass.
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Cirugía Bariátrica , COVID-19 , Obesidad Mórbida , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/etiología , Pandemias , Estudios Transversales , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , SARS-CoV-2 , Cirugía Bariátrica/efectos adversos , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Background: According to the latest guidelines, in patients with high-risk nodules with indeterminate cytology, diagnostic lobectomy should be the preferable surgical approach in the absence of factors that suggest a total thyroidectomy. Methods: This retrospective observational study has as its main aim the evaluation of the cases that underwent surgery, for Bethesda class IV nodules in our iodocarent geographical area. Particular attention was paid to carcinoma incidence, preoperative nodule size, histological characteristics of the neoplasm, surgical approach and eventual need of radiometabolic treatment. A total of 320 patients were included that underwent surgery for Bethesda IV nodules, between January 2010 and December 2020, at the General Surgical Clinic of the University Hospital of Parma, Italy. Results: A total of 230 total thyroidectomies (71.9%) and 90 lobectomies (28.1%) were performed. Our data showed a strong impact of the 2015 ATA Guidelines on the surgical approach choice, with a progressive propensity towards a conservative approach and an increase of lobectomies from 7.2% to 41.5% after the new guidelines introduction. However, in our sample the percentage of lobectomies remains below 50%; this data is certainly influenced by the number of cases of multinodular pathology, often bilateral, in our geographical area. The nodules malignancy rate resulted 28.8%. Our data showed that increasing size correlated with an increasing malignancy rate (P<0.01), and follicular carcinomas were found to be larger than papillary carcinomas (P<0.001). A statistically significant correlation also emerged between nodule size increase and local/lymphovascular invasion (P<0.05). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant correlation between nodule size and multifocality, and between nodule size and presence of lymph node metastases. Out of the patients where it was possible to find this data, 66% underwent radioiodiometabolic treatment: 59% with papillary carcinoma, and 85% with follicular carcinoma. Conclusions: In patients with Bethesda IV thyroid nodules, diagnostic lobectomy should be the preferable surgical approach in absence of factors that suggest total thyroidectomy. In our opinion, total thyroidectomy remains the first choice in large nodules (≥4 cm) as these nodules have a high malignancy rate, greater local/lymphovascular invasion and a consequent frequent indication for post-operative radiometabolic treatment.
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Background: A preliminary analysis from the COVID-Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgical Treatment (AGICT) study showed that the rate of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for elective and urgent procedures did not decrease during the pandemic year. In this article, we aimed to perform a subgroup analysis using data from the COVID-AGICT study to evaluate the trend of MIS during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Italy. Methods: This study was conducted collecting data of MIS patients from the COVID-AGICT database. The primary endpoint was to demonstrate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic scenario reduced MIS for elective treatment of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) in Italy in 2020. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the impact of the pandemic period on perioperative outcomes in the MIS group. Results: In the pandemic year, 62% of patients underwent surgery with a minimally invasive approach, compared to 63% in 2019 (P = .23). In 2020, the proportion of patients undergoing elective MIS decreased compared to the previous year (80% versus 82%, P = .04), and the rate of urgent MIS did not differ between the 2 years (31% and 33% in 2019 and 2020 - P = .66). Colorectal cancer was less likely to be treated with MIS approach during 2020 (78% versus 75%, P < .001). Conversely, the rate of MIS pancreatic resection was higher in 2020 (28% versus 22%, P < .002). Conversion to an open approach was lower in 2020 (7.2% versus 9.2% - P = .01). Major postoperative complications were similar in both years (11% versus 11%, P = .9). Conclusion: In conclusion, although MIS for elective treatment of GIC in Italy was reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic period, our study revealed that the overall proportion of MIS (elective and urgent) and postoperative outcomes were comparable to the prepandemic period. ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT04686747).
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COVID-19 , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales , Humanos , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Pandemias , Estudios Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours. METHODS: In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021. Patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules were divided into three groups according to when they underwent surgery: from Jan 1, 2019, to Feb 29, 2020 (global prepandemic phase), from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021 (pandemic escalation phase), and from June 1 to Dec 31, 2021 (pandemic decrease phase). The main outcomes were, for each phase, the number of surgeries for indeterminate thyroid nodules, and in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancers, the occurrence of tumours larger than 10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, vascular invasion, distant metastases, and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence. Univariate analysis was used to compare the probability of aggressive thyroid features between the first and third study phases. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05178186. FINDINGS: Data from 157 centres (n=49 countries) on 87 467 patients who underwent surgery for benign and malignant thyroid disease were collected, of whom 22 974 patients (18 052 [78·6%] female patients and 4922 [21·4%] male patients) received surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules. We observed a significant reduction in surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the pandemic escalation phase (median monthly surgeries per centre, 1·4 [IQR 0·6-3·4]) compared with the prepandemic phase (2·0 [0·9-3·7]; p<0·0001) and pandemic decrease phase (2·3 [1·0-5·0]; p<0·0001). Compared with the prepandemic phase, in the pandemic decrease phase we observed an increased occurrence of thyroid tumours larger than 10 mm (2554 [69·0%] of 3704 vs 1515 [71·5%] of 2119; OR 1·1 [95% CI 1·0-1·3]; p=0·042), lymph node metastases (343 [9·3%] vs 264 [12·5%]; OR 1·4 [1·2-1·7]; p=0·0001), and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence (203 [5·7%] of 3584 vs 155 [7·7%] of 2006; OR 1·4 [1·1-1·7]; p=0·0039). INTERPRETATION: Our study suggests that the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic period could have led to an increased occurrence of aggressive thyroid tumours. However, other compelling hypotheses, including increased selection of patients with aggressive malignancies during this period, should be considered. We suggest that surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules should no longer be postponed even in future instances of pandemic escalation. FUNDING: None.
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COVID-19 , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Nódulo Tiroideo , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Nódulo Tiroideo/epidemiología , Nódulo Tiroideo/cirugía , Nódulo Tiroideo/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Pandemias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Metástasis Linfática , COVID-19/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This Italian multicentric retrospective study aimed to investigate the possible changes in outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Our primary endpoint was to determine whether the pandemic scenario increased the rate of patients with colorectal, gastroesophageal, and pancreatic cancers resected at an advanced stage in 2020 compared to 2019. Considering different cancer staging systems, we divided tumors into early stages and advanced stages, using pathological outcomes. Furthermore, to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical outcomes, perioperative data of both 2020 and 2019 were also examined. RESULTS: Overall, a total of 8250 patients, 4370 (53%) and 3880 (47%) were surgically treated during 2019 and 2020 respectively, in 62 Italian surgical Units. In 2020, the rate of patients treated with an advanced pathological stage was not different compared to 2019 (P = 0.25). Nevertheless, the analysis of quarters revealed that in the second half of 2020 the rate of advanced cancer resected, tented to be higher compared with the same months of 2019 (P = 0.05). During the pandemic year 'Charlson Comorbidity Index score of cancer patients (5.38 ± 2.08 vs 5.28 ± 2.22, P = 0.036), neoadjuvant treatments (23.9% vs. 19.5%, P < 0.001), rate of urgent diagnosis (24.2% vs 20.3%, P < 0.001), colorectal cancer urgent resection (9.4% vs. 7.37, P < 0.001), and the rate of positive nodes on the total nodes resected per surgery increased significantly (7 vs 9% - 2.02 ± 4.21 vs 2.39 ± 5.23, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic did not influence the pathological stage of colorectal, gastroesophageal, and pancreatic cancers at the time of surgery, our study revealed that the pandemic scenario negatively impacted on several perioperative and post-operative outcomes.
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COVID-19 , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The detection of nodal status is based on examination of lymph nodes (LN) after the tumor surgical resection and the current guidelines recommend examining at least 12 regional LN. An inadequate number of examined LN may lead to a lower N stage or to a false-negative nodal disease. To overcome these issues, many authors proposed to consider the metastatic lymph node ratio (mLNR). MLNR is the ratio of the number of metastatic LN to the number of examined LN. METHODS: Two hundred forty-one colon cancer (CC) specimens from patients who had undergone surgical resection between January 2010 and December 2015 at the General Surgery Unit of Parma University Hospital were analyzed. mLNR, which is defined as the ratio of the number of positive LN to the number of examined LN, was calculated in CCs with LN metastasis. In this study we focused on the following mLRN cutoffs: <0.15, 0.15-0.3 and >3 and we evaluated the prognostic implication of mLNRs. RESULTS: Regarding the impact of examined LN on involved LN in CC, our results showed that the number of involved LN increased with the increasing number of examined LN (P=0.03). We found a significant correlation between OS and RFS rate of patients with CCs and mLNR. Patients with mLNR<0.15 were associated with better OS and RFS rate whereas patients with mLNR>0.3 were associated with worse OS and RFS rate. OS rate for patients with a mLNR<0.15 was 95.24% (89-100%) at 1 year, 83.27% (72.7-95.4%) at 3 years and 68.07% (55.1-84.1%) at 5 years whereas patients with a mLNR>0.3 had an OS rate of 51.7% (34.6-77.3%) at 1 year, 36.55% (20.08-64.3%) at 3 years and 31.33% (16.5-59.4%) at 5 years. RFS rate for patients with a mLNR<0.15 was 100% (100-100%) at 1 year, 92.2% (84-100%) at 3 years and 85.2% (73.8-98.31%) at 5 years whereas patients with a mLNR>0.3 had a RFS of 63.2% (42.8-93.58%) at 1 year and 54.2% (33.1-88.93%) at 3 and 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic value of pN stage could be more accurate if we consider both the number of LN metastasis and harvested LN. This can be achieved by using the mLNR that can be a useful tool in daily practice to predict the prognosis of patients who undergone surgery for CC.
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Neoplasias del Colon , Índice Ganglionar , Humanos , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice Ganglionar/métodos , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/cirugía , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Metástasis Linfática/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive disease with increasing incidence. Thyroid hormones play different roles in development and physiological processes of the entire digestive system, including pancreas. Therefore, many have hypothesized that thyroid hormone supplementation for hypothyroidism disorders might increase the risk of malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted retrospective observational mono-centre study. The aim was to examine the prevalence of thyroid disorders among patients with pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we investigated the impact of thyroid hormone supplementation in pancreatic cancer patients' outcome and the correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS: A total of 92 consecutive pancreatic cancer patients were retrospectively reviewed: 18.5% patients had a history of hypothyroidism and all received a replacement hormone therapy with levothyroxine, in particular 20% in metastatic group and 11% in radically resected PDAC patients' group. Nor in radically resected neither in metastatic group, we did not observe any statistically significant difference in outcome between the group with or without thyroid disorders. On multivariate analyses, cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that only the presence of perineural invasion was associated with a significantly higher hazard ratio for overall survival in metastatic PDAC patients (HR=2.7; 95%CI=1.029-6.925; p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: We observed higher prevalence of thyroid disorders in PDAC patients. Further studies are warranted to explore the impact of levothyroxine therapy on outcome in PDAC patients.
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Hipotiroidismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Tiroxina/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Hipotiroidismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipotiroidismo/epidemiología , Pronóstico , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMEN
A 67-year-old lung transplant recipient with severe comorbidities was admitted for renal transplant. As anesthesia technique, combined spinal-epidural at the T11-T12 level was chosen, associated with intravenous sedation. Graft's function initially results altered, bringing to pulmonary fluid overload. Beginning from the postoperative day 5 there was a slow but constant gain-of-function of the graft, proven by an improvement of renal function indexes and by the resolution of the pulmonary edema. Conclusions: Whereas general anesthesia remains the gold standard anesthesia technique for kidney transplant, a locoregional anesthesia, could be a feasible and effective option in patients at high risk of respiratory complications. (www.actabiomedica.it).
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Anestesia Epidural , Anestesia Raquidea , Trasplante de Riñón , Anciano , Anestesia Epidural/métodos , Anestesia Raquidea/métodos , Humanos , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Pulmón , Receptores de TrasplantesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was firstly to report the experience of intermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring (I-IONM) and evaluate the impact of loss of signal (LOS) in staged thyroidectomy management. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, performed by a single surgeon in two years. All patients have been subjected to I-IONM. In case of intraoperative loss of signal (LOS), planned total thyroidectomy was always aborted. Six-month follow-up was performed. Postoperative dysphonia was evaluated with VHI-10 score in 3 time settings T1, during hospital stay, T2 after 30 days, T3 after 6 months. Dysphonia has been compared to IONM results to evaluate sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: 377 patients were included. Incidence of dysphonia was calculated based on the number of nerves at risk (NAR). We evaluated a total of 724 NAR. LOS encountered were 43 cases (5.9% of total NAR), of these 14 were LOS 1 while 29 were LOS 2. 27 patients (3.7% of NAR) presented early post-operative dysphonia with VHI-10 score > 13 (T1), among these 16 had presented LOS at IONM (true positives) while11 had no LOS (false negatives). In T2 and T3 we reported a decrease in true positive cases increasing false positives. Sensitivity at T3 reached 85.7% while specificity and odds ratio were respectively 94.8% and 110. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high sensitivity and specificity, IONM should be considered a useful tool for thyroid surgery and its use should be suggested for patients undergoing planned total thyroidectomy. Its right application may cancel the risk of bilateral paralysis.
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Disfonía , Tiroidectomía , Disfonía/diagnóstico , Disfonía/epidemiología , Disfonía/etiología , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Glándula Tiroides , Tiroidectomía/efectos adversos , Tiroidectomía/métodosRESUMEN
The application of artificial intelligence technologies is growing in several fields of healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to review the current applications of artificial intelligence in bariatric surgery. We performed a review of the literature on Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane databases, screening all relevant studies published until September 2021, and finally including 36 articles. The use of machine learning algorithms in bariatric surgery is explored in all steps of the clinical pathway, from presurgical risk-assessment and intraoperative management to complications and outcomes prediction. The models showed remarkable results helping physicians in the decision-making process, thus improving the quality of care, and contributing to precision medicine. Several legal and ethical hurdles should be overcome before these methods can be used in common practice.
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Cirugía Bariátrica , Obesidad Mórbida , Algoritmos , Inteligencia Artificial , Humanos , Aprendizaje Automático , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Risk stratification plays a central role in anesthetic evaluation. The use of Big Data and machine learning (ML) offers considerable advantages for collection and evaluation of large amounts of complex health-care data. We conducted a systematic review to understand the role of ML in the development of predictive post-surgical outcome models and risk stratification. METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we selected the period of the research for studies from 1 January 2015 up to 30 March 2021. A systematic search in Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and MeSH databases was performed; the strings of research included different combinations of keywords: "risk prediction," "surgery," "machine learning," "intensive care unit (ICU)," and "anesthesia" "perioperative." We identified 36 eligible studies. This study evaluates the quality of reporting of prediction models using the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) checklist. RESULTS: The most considered outcomes were mortality risk, systemic complications (pulmonary, cardiovascular, acute kidney injury (AKI), etc.), ICU admission, anesthesiologic risk and prolonged length of hospital stay. Not all the study completely followed the TRIPOD checklist, but the quality was overall acceptable with 75% of studies (Rev #2, comm #minor issue) showing an adherence rate to TRIPOD more than 60%. The most frequently used algorithms were gradient boosting (n = 13), random forest (n = 10), logistic regression (LR; n = 7), artificial neural networks (ANNs; n = 6), and support vector machines (SVM; n = 6). Models with best performance were random forest and gradient boosting, with AUC > 0.90. CONCLUSIONS: The application of ML in medicine appears to have a great potential. From our analysis, depending on the input features considered and on the specific prediction task, ML algorithms seem effective in outcomes prediction more accurately than validated prognostic scores and traditional statistics. Thus, our review encourages the healthcare domain and artificial intelligence (AI) developers to adopt an interdisciplinary and systemic approach to evaluate the overall impact of AI on perioperative risk assessment and on further health care settings as well.
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BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma has changed in last decades, as the surgical technique during thyroidectomy (endoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, new energy device, intraoperative neuromonitoring). METHODS: We analyzed patients undergone to thyroidectomy or lobectomy for thyroid carcinoma from January 2010 to December 2019 at the General Surgery Unit of the Hospital - University of Parma. We divided patients into two groups, based on the use or not of IONM. RESULTS: We analyzed data about 638 patients, 486 (76.2%) females and 152 (23.8%) males, with a mean age of 51.8 years. Totally, 574 patients underwent total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy was performed in 39 patients. The lobectomy rate was higher in interventions with neuromonitoring (13.93%) than in those without IONM (3.06%). Considering the incidence of postoperative complications and the presence of infiltration of perithyroid tissues or thyroiditis or lymph node metastasis at the histological report, a statistically significant percentage of dysphonia and paraesthesia was recorded only in patients with infiltration of perithyroid tissues (P<0.0001). There was no significant difference in postoperative blood calcium values. The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring has not significantly changed the incidence of postoperative complication. CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not show a protective impact of the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring during thyroidectomy on the incidence of postoperative complications but confirmed that it increases the surgeon's feel safety during surgery and facilitates the identification of any undetected nerve lesion with visually intact nerve, inducing the interruption of the thyroidectomy after lobectomy alone, reducing the risk of bilateral recurrent paralysis.
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Carcinoma , Traumatismos del Nervio Laríngeo Recurrente , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Carcinoma/cirugía , Femenino , Hospitales de Alto Volumen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Traumatismos del Nervio Laríngeo Recurrente/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Tiroidectomía/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Background Multifocality is usually detected afterwards surgery for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and has been reported in 18-87% of PTC. Methods This is a retrospective single-center study involving a series of 238 patients that underwent thyroidectomy or lobectomy after preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of Thyr 5 or Thyr 6, according to Bethesda classification, from January 2015 to December 2019 at the General Surgery Unit of the University - Hospital of Parma. We divided patients into two main groups: patients with multifocal papillary thyroid cancer at postoperative diagnosis and patients with unifocal papillary thyroid cancer. The aim of the study is to identify demographic or preoperative radiological risk factors for the presence of multifocal PTC and to verify the presence of cyto-histological features of greater aggressiveness in multifocal tumors than in unifocal ones. Results Out of our sample, 176 patients were females (73,9%) and 62 males (26,1%) with a mean age of 50,45 ±14,41. Preoperative cytological diagnosis resulted Thyr 5 in 47 cases (19,7%) and Thyr 6 in 191 cases (80,3%). Multifocal cancer was reported in 35,8% of the females and in 32,3% of the males. Older age was significatively related to the presence of multifocal papillary carcinoma (p<0.05). Preoperative bilateral thyroid nodules were associated with a higher finding of multifocal disease at histological examination (p<0.05). The presence of multifocal disease was related with a higher soft tissue invasion at the histological specimen (p<0.05). Tumor size was not related to multifocal PTC in our study. Conclusions Older age of patient and preoperative bilateral thyroid nodules are significantly associated to multifocal thyroid cancer. In add to this, multifocal disease is related to higher finding of perithyroidal tissue invasion at histological exam. In case of predictive factors for multifocal PTC, surgeons should take total/near-total thyroidectomy always into consideration.
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Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Assessment of wounds morphology can be considered, in the everyday medical activity, the first step for the correct pathway of diagnosis. Authors present a pilot study focused on the statistical analysis of 32 cases of wounds measurements conducted by both the traditional method (paper ruler) both the digital smartphone analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 lesions were morphologically evaluated. All the enrolled patients were evaluated by both the traditional method (paper ruler) both a digital smartphone analysis based on the app imitoMeasure. The extracted data were compared to the traditional measurements and a statistical analysis was based on intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: Three morphological parameters were evaluated: width (expressed in cm), length (expressed in cm) and area (expressed in cm2). The area (expressed in cm2) was found to be the less comparable, but the data were close in this case, too. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that the digital measuring systems should be easily addressed as versatile tools that could be applied in daily clinical practice in the future.