Estilos vinculares y conducta alimentaria en niños / Binding styles and children nurturing behavior

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar la relación entre estilos vinculares y conducta alimentaria en niños y niñas de 6 a 9 años. Se exploran diferencias en estilos vinculares, índice de masa corporal y conducta alimentaria, además de diferencias por género. La muestra fue de carácter no probabilístico y estuvo constituida por 100 niños pertenecientes a la ciudad de Temuco. Se utilizan los instrumentos TFEQ-P19 para medir conducta alimentaria y el test del Dibujo de la Familia para explorar el apego. Por último, el peso y talla se obtuvo a través de las mediciones efectuadas a los participantes para el posterior cálculo de IMC. Los resultados indican que existe un 15 % de participantes con sobrepeso y 42% en estado de obesidad. Los resultados indican que existe una relación significativa entre estilo vincular y estado nutricional, observando una asociación entre hombres con estilo vincular evitante y obesidad. El abordaje de la obesidad también puede ser considerado desde las relaciones tempranas, como un eje articulador significativo entre la dimensión emocional e ingesta alimentaria.

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between binding styles and nurturing behavior in boys and girls in a range of age from 6 to 9 years old. Differences in binding styles, body mass index, nurturing behavior and gender differences are explored. The sample was off non-probabilistic nature and constituted by 100 children belonging from Temuco city. The instruments TFEQ-P19 were used to measure nurturing behavior and The Family Drawing test to explore attachment. Finally, weight and size was obtained through the measures carried out to the participants for the following BMI calculation. The results indicate that 15% of the participants were overweight and 42% were obese. The results point out that there is a meaningful relationship between avoiding binding style and obesity. Dealing with obesity can be considered since early relationships as a significant basic premise between emotional dimension and food intake.

Effect of finishing technique on the occurrence and length of microcracks in resin-based materials.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence and length of microcracks in resin-based materials finished with different techniques, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Standardized Class V preparations (3x2x2mm) were made in the facial and lingual surfaces of 20 recently-extracted human third molars. 20 preparations were restored with a resin-based composite material (RBC; Filtek Supreme Ultra) and the other 20 with a resin-modified glass-ionomer material (RMGI; Ketac Nano). After final polymerization, specimens were further stratified by finishing system: aluminum oxide discs (Sof-Lex) or spiral fluted carbide bur series (H48L). By random allocation, each extracted tooth therefore received one RBC and one RMGI restoration, and equal numbers of restorations from each material were finished using each finishing system (n= 10). After 24 hours of storage in 100% humidity at room temperature, the specimens were evaluated at x20 to x600 under environmental SEM. Cross-sectional occlusal-cervical B-mode images were obtained in increments of 25 mm from the mesial margin to the distal margin of the restoration using a spectral-domain (SD) OCT system and analyzed using Image J software to identify and measure microcrack penetration into each restoration. The total length (mm) at the point of the deepest microcrack penetration in each specimen was recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using a t-test. RESULTS: No microcracks were observed in the RBC samples. However, microcrack presence was identified in all of the RMGI specimens. The t-test showed a statistically significant difference (P< 0.05) in mean microcrack length values based on the finishing technique used for the RMGI samples. [SofLex: 0.67 (± 0.28) mm; carbide: 1.26 (± 0.30)] mm. Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences in the factors "finishing technique" and "restorative material" (P< 0.001). The interaction of these two factors was also statistically significant (P< 0.001). For the tested RMGI, Tukey post-hoc test revealed that the finishing with aluminum oxide groups resulted in statistically significant lower mean microcrack length when compared to spiral fluted carbide burs (P< 0.001). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) is more susceptible to microcrack presence than resin-based composites. Also, aluminum oxide discs produced lower values of mean microcrack length than spiral fluted carbide burs after the finishing procedure of RMGI restorations.

Colonoscopía diagnóstica y terapéutica en pediatría / Diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy in pediatrics

La hemorragia digestiva en pediatría tiene características propias. Es una entidad poco frecuente, predominando la hemorragia digestiva alta en relación a la baja. Los pólipos en colon son la causa de hemorragia digestiva baja hasta en el 77 por ciento de los casos. La endoscopía es el método diagnóstico de elección, y de terapia que es la polipectomía. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las características clínicas, el diagnóstico histológico y el tratamiento instaurado. Analizamos todos los casos en que se efectuó colonoscopía en menores de 14 años, en el periodo 1990 - 1996. Se efectuaron 100 exámenes en 74 pacientes; el diagnóstico predominante fue el de pólipos (71.6 por ciento). En 14 casos se realizó mas de un estudio endoscópico, y en 16 casos se halló más de un pólipo. Dos casos tuvieron rectocolitis ulcerativa y 2 casos tuberculosis intestinal. La edad promedio fue 8.8 años. El 100 por ciento presentó rectorragia, y anemia. La localización mas frecuente fue recto y sigmoides. Se realizó polipectomía en el 94.34 por ciento de casos, siendo efectiva en el 100 por ciento, sólo hubo una complicación técnica (se enganchó el asa) que no originó morbilidad. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el juvenil (56.66 por ciento), hallándose adenoma tubular en el 11.32 por ciento y de tipo Peutz-Jeghers en el 3.77 por ciento. La polipectomía se realizó en sala de operaciones con anestesia general en 11 casos, y en 19 se utilizó sólo sedación suave. Conclusión: Se demuestra que los pólipos son la causa más frecuente de HDB en pediatría. La colonoscopía es un método seguro de diagnóstico y tratamiento, que puede realizarse en la sala convencional de endoscopía siempre y cuando se cuente con el apoyo del anestesiólogo y/o del pediatra.

[DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC COLONOSCOPY IN PEDIATRICS] / Colonoscopía diagnótica y terapéutica en pediatría.

Gastrointestinal bleeding in childhood is an uncommon problem, althought when it happens it maybe an emergency. Upper bleeding predominates, and when we consider lower bleeding, the principal cause are polyps. Recent evidence points out that polyps are responsible for bleeding in 77% of cases.We decided to study the clinical course, histologic characteristics and treatment in children with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. This investigation was held at Edgardo Rebagliati National Hospital during 1990 to 1996. Inclusion criteria were: younger than 14 years, gastrointestinal bleeding, and colonoscopy exam.100 colonoscopies were done in 74 children. Polyps were the cause for gastrointestinal bleeding in 71.6% of cases. In 14 children more than one colonoscopy was done. More than one polyp in 16 children were found. Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed in two cases, and intestinal tuberculosis in other two cases. Average age was 8.8 years, and 100% presented rectorragia and anemia.Polyps were located principally in rectum and sigmoid. Polipectomy was done in 94.34% of the cases, and it was technically succesful. We had only one complication (snare wire was trapped) but with no morbidity.Histological examination demonstrated that juvenile polyp was the most frequent type (56.66%), followed by tubular adenoma (11.32%), and Peutz-Jegher polyp in 3.77%. Treatment was polipectomy in all cases. Eleven procedures were done in the surgical room, and 19 in the endoscopy unit, with no complications in any of the cases.CONCLUSION: In children the main cause for lower gastrointestinal bleeding are polyps. All cases present with rectorragia or anemia, and juvenile polyps are the most frequent type. Colonoscopy is a safe method for diagnosis and treatment, which can be done in the endoscopy unit with mild sedation and with an anesthesist or pediatrician as assistants.