Chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition reduces the effects of physical training on ventricular contractility and coronary bed reactivity in hypertensive rats.

Systemic arterial hypertension is accompanied by autonomic impairments that, if not contained, promotes cardiac functional and morphological damages. Pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) treatment results in positive effects on autonomic control and beneficial cardiac remodeling. These findings were also observed after aerobic physical training (APT). However, little is known about PYR effects on left ventricular contractility, mainly when it is combined with APT. We aimed to investigate the effects of chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition on cardiac autonomic tone balance, coronary bed reactivity, and left ventricular contractility in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) submitted to APT. Male SHR (18 weeks) were divided into two groups (N = 16): untrained and submitted to APT for 14 weeks (18th to 32nd week). Half of each group was treated with PYR (15 mg/kg/day) for two weeks (31st to 32nd week). The experimental protocol consisted of recording hemodynamic parameters, double autonomic blockade with atropine and propranolol, and assessment of coronary bed reactivity and ventricular contractility in isolated hearts using the Langendorff technique. PYR and APT reduced blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic influence on the heart. The Langendorff technique showed that APT increased coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricle contractility in response to coronary flow and ß-agonist administration. However, treatment with PYR annulled the effects of APT. In conclusion, although chronic treatment with PYR reduces cardiac sympathetic tonic influence, it does not favor coronary bed reactivity and cardiac contractility gains. PYR treatment in the trained SHR group nullified the coronary vascular reactivity and cardiac contractility gains.

Identification and Composition of Cyanobacteria in Ecuadorian Shrimp Farming Ponds-Possible Risk to Human Health.

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms in various water bodies have been given much attention nowadays as they release hazardous substances in the surrounding areas. These toxic planktonic cyanobacteria in shrimp ponds greatly affect the survival of shrimps. Ecuador is the second highest shrimp producing country in the Americas after Brazil; and the shrimp-based economy is under threat due to toxic cyanobacterial blooms in Ecuador shrimp ponds. This study investigated the abundance of different cyanobacteria in the shrimp ponds at the Chone and Jama rivers (in Manabi province) at Ecuadorian pacific coast, focusing on different environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, salinity, and light. Temperature and pH were identified as key factors in influencing the abundance of cyanobacteria, with a significant positive correlation between Raphidiopsis raciborskii and pH. The highest and lowest abundance of cyanobacteria found during the dry season in the shrimp ponds near the Chone and Jama rivers were > 3 × 106 and 1 × 106 Cell.m-3, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index fluctuated between 0.41-1.15 and 0.31-1.15 for shrimp ponds of Chone and Jama rivers, respectively. This variation was linked to changes in salinity and the presence of harmful algal blooms, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring. Additionally, the study areas showed eutrophic conditions with low diversity, underlining the need for additional spatiotemporal studies and expanded research in both rivers, to better understand these complex phenomena. The findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and expanded research in cyanobacteria ecology, with implications for public health and aquatic resource management.

Biobased Composites of Poly(Lactic Acid) Melt Compounded with Bacterial and Vegetal Nanocelluloses Incorporated through Different Strategies.

In the current contribution, bacterial nanocellulose obtained from a by-product of Kombucha tea production and vegetal nanocellulose isolated from milled rice husks were employed as fillers of PLA-based composites prepared by intensive mixing followed by compression molding. Given the challenges associated with the incorporation of nanocelluloses-initially obtained as aqueous suspensions-into melt compounding processes, and also with achieving a proper dispersion of the hydrophilic nanofillers within PLA, three different nanofibrils incorporation strategies were studied: i.e., direct mixing of dried milled nanocelluloses and PLA; masterbatching by solvent casting of native nanocelluloses followed by melt compounding; and masterbatching by solvent casting of acetylated nanocelluloses followed by melt compounding. Composites with varying filler content (from 0.5 wt.% to 7 wt.%) were characterized in terms of morphology, optical properties, and mechanical performance. Results revealed the relative suitability of each strategy employed to promote nanocelluloses dispersion within the PLA matrix. PLA/nanocellulose masterbatches prepared by solvent casting proved to be particularly useful for feeding the nanocelluloses into the processing equipment in a dry state with limited hornification. Acetylation also contributed to a better dispersion of both nanocelluloses within the PLA matrix, although no clear positive impact on the mechanical properties of the films was observed. Finally, filler loading played an important role in the films' properties by increasing their stiffness while reducing their translucency.

Qualidade de sono e saúde mental de universitários da área da saúde durante a covid-19 / Sleep quality and mental health of university students in healthcare during COVID-19 / Calidad del sueño y salud mental de estudiantes universitarios en el ámbito salud durante el covid-19

Em universitários, comprometimentos na qualidade de sono e na saúde mental estão relacionados com maior disfunção diurna e menor desempenho acadêmico. O contexto causado pela covid-19 prejudicou a qualidade de sono e a saúde mental de diversos grupos populacionais. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar essas variáveis em estudantes universitários matriculados em diferentes cursos da área da saúde durante a referida pandemia. Com esta pesquisa, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de sono e saúde mental de estudantes universitários da área da saúde durante a pandemia da covid-19, bem como investigar possíveis correlações entre os referidos aspectos nessa população. Trata-se de estudo transversal que empregou um formulário eletrônico contendo tanto perguntas para caracterização da amostra quanto questionários específicos. O índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI) foi empregado para avaliar a qualidade de sono. Já o questionário de saúde geral (QSG-12) e a escala hospitalar de ansiedade e depressão (HAD) para avaliar, respectivamente, o bem-estar psicológico e ansiedade e depressão. 324 estudantes da área da saúde participaram deste estudo. Entre eles, 87.3% apresentaram uma qualidade de sono pobre (≥ 5), 74.1% apresentaram prejuízo na saúde mental e 73.7% apresentaram quadro de ansiedade possível ou provável. Além disso, evidenciou-se correlação moderada positiva entre os valores do PSQI, do QSG-12 e da escala HAD. Nesse contexto, estudos são necessários para investigar opções terapêuticas capazes de atenuar esses impactos.

In university students, sleep quality and mental health impairments are related to greater daytime dysfunction and lower academic performance. COVID-19 has harmed the quality of sleep and mental health of several population groups. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the quality of sleep and mental health of university students enrolled in health courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. To evaluate the quality of sleep and mental health of university students in healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate possible correlations between the aforementioned aspects in this population. An electronic form containing questions to characterize its sample and other specific questionnaires were used in this cross-sectional study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality and the General Health Questionnaire (QSG-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) were used to evaluate psychological well-being, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Overall, 324 health students participated in this study. Of these, 87.3% of students had poor sleep quality (≥ 5), 74.1% had impaired mental health, and 73.7% had possible or probable anxiety. Furthermore, the PSQI, QSG-12, and HAD scale values showed a moderately positive correlation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, university students in healthcare experienced significant losses in their sleep quality and mental health. In this context, studies must investigate therapeutic options to mitigate these impacts.

Las alteraciones en la calidad del sueño y la salud mental de estudiantes universitarios se relacionan con una mayor disfunción diurna y menor rendimiento académico. El contexto provocado por el covid-19 ha perjudicado la calidad del sueño y la salud mental de varios grupos de la población. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para evaluar la calidad del sueño y la salud mental de estudiantes universitarios matriculados en diferentes carreras de salud durante la pandemia del covid-19. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad del sueño y la salud mental de estudiantes universitarios en el campo de la salud durante la pandemia del covid-19, así como investigar posibles correlaciones entre los aspectos antes mencionados en esta población. Se trata de un estudio transversal que utilizó un formulario electrónico que contenía preguntas para caracterizar la muestra y cuestionarios específicos. Se utilizó el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburg (PSQI) para evaluar la calidad del sueño. El Cuestionario de Salud General (CSG-12) y la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS) se utilizaron para evaluar, respectivamente, el bienestar psicológico y la ansiedad y depresión. En este estudio participaron 324 estudiantes del campo de la salud. De estos, el 87,3% de los estudiantes tenía mala calidad del sueño (≥ 5), el 74,1% presentaban problemas de salud mental y el 73,7% tenía posible o probable ansiedad. Además, hubo una correlación positiva moderada entre los valores de las escalas PSQI, CSG-12 y HADS. Durante la pandemia del covid-19, los estudiantes universitarios del campo de la salud experimentaron pérdidas significativas en su calidad de sueño y salud mental. En este contexto, son necesarios estudios que investiguen opciones terapéuticas capaces de mitigar estos impactos.

Africanized honey bee colonies in Costa Rica: first evidence of its management, brood nest structure and factors associated with varroa mite infestation.

Management, brood nest structure and factors associated with varroa mite infestation were studied in 60 apiaries of Africanized honey bees in the northwest region of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Apiaries were monitored two times. The first monitoring was taken forward during the rainy season between May and November 2019. The second monitoring during the dry season between February and March 2020. Information about the beekeepers, apiaries and management was collected through a survey. Amount of open and capped brood, honey and pollen were measured in the field. The infestation rate of varroa (IRV) was quantified using standard laboratory methods. A determination of multi-residue pesticides in bee bread was made through GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. According to the results, most of the beekeepers produce honey (96.7%), participate in training activities (82.2%), and change the bee queens annually (70%). The first monitoring was characterized by a lower amount of capped brood and honey reserves compared to the second one. IRV was significantly higher in the first monitoring (6.0 ± 0.4) in comparison with the second one (3.0 ± 0.3) (U Mann-Whitney p < 0.001). The maximum value for the first monitoring exceeds 40%, while this value was close to 25% in the second monitoring. Mite infestation exposed significant differences in relation to the variables associated to the beekeeper's management, i.e., change of bee queen (p = 0.002) or when beekeepers monitor varroa mites (p = 0.004). Additionally, the IRV had inverse correlations (p < 0.01) with the number of comb sides with capped brood (Spearman's rho coefficient = - 0.190), and honey reserves (Spearman's rho coefficient = - 0.168). Furthermore, 23 of 60 bee bread samples presented one to five pesticide residues, being the most frequent antifungal agrochemicals.

Neoplasia quística mucinosa hepática, reporte de un caso y análisis de la patología / Hepatic mucinous cystic neoplasm, case report and pathology analysis / Neoplasia cística mucinosa hepática, relatório de um caso e análise da patologia

Desde los primeros reportes en la bibliografía, la nomenclatura de las lesiones quísticas hepatobiliares se ha ido modificando, habiéndose descripto dos tipos de lesiones: las serosas y las mucinosas. En 2010 la Organización Mundial de la Salud estableció una nueva clasificación donde los términos cistoadenomas y cistoadenocarcinomas hepatobiliares son reemplazados por entidades más específicas como la neoplasia mucinosa quística y los tumores quísticos intraductales (neoplasia papilar intraductal, neoplasma tubulopapilar intraductal y neoplasma oncocitico papilar). En cuanto a la neoplasia mucinosa quística, la presencia de estroma ovárico le confiere características distintivas en lo patológico y biológico, siendo esto un requisito en la clasificación de la OMS. Esta característica lo diferencia de los hamartomas biliares, los quistes congénitos y la enfermedad de Caroli. Dichas neoplasias son infrecuentes, con una incidencia menor al 5% de las lesiones quísticas hepáticas y ocurren casi exclusivamente en mujeres, frecuentemente perimenopáusicas. Su potencial de malignización ha sido descrito, siendo éste la indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico resectivo. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente portadora de una neoplasia quística mucinosa hepática, catalogada como cistoadenoma hepático según la antigua clasificación.

Since the early reports in the literature, the nomenclature of hepatobiliary cystic lesions has been modified, with two types of lesions being described: serous and mucinous. In 2010, the World Health Organization established a new classification in which the terms hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas were replaced by more specific entities such as mucinous cystic neoplasms and intraductal cystic tumors (intraductal papillary neoplasm, intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm, and intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm). Regarding mucinous cystic neoplasms, the presence of ovarian stroma confers distinctive pathological and biological characteristics, which is a requirement in the WHO classification. This characteristic differentiates it from biliary hamartomas, congenital cysts, and Caroli's disease. Such neoplasms are rare, with an incidence of less than 5% of hepatic cystic lesions, and occur almost exclusively in women, often perimenopausal. Their potential for malignancy has been described, and this is the indication for surgical resection treatment. We present a clinical case of a patient with a mucinous cystic hepatic neoplasm, classified as a hepatic cystadenoma according to the old classification.

Desde os primeiros relatos na literatura, a nomenclatura das lesões císticas hepatobiliares tem sido modificada, sendo descritos dois tipos de lesões,asserosas e as mucinosas. Em 2010, a Organização Mundial da Saúdeestabeleceuuma nova classificação, naqual os termos cistoadenomas e cistoadenocarcinomas hepatobiliares foramsubstituídos por entidades mais específicas, como a neoplasia mucinosa cística e os tumores císticos intraductais (neoplasia papilar intraductal, neoplasma tubulopapilar intraductal e neoplasma oncocítico papilar). Em relação à neoplasia mucinosa cística, a presença de estroma ovarianoconfere características distintas do ponto de vista patológico e biológico, sendoesseum requisito naclassificação da OMS. Essa característica a diferencia dos hamartomas biliares, cistoscongênitos e doença de Caroli. Essas neoplasias são raras, comumaincidência menor que 5% das lesões císticas hepáticas, e ocorremquase exclusivamente em mulheres, frequentementeperimenopáusicas. Seu potencial de malignizaçãotem sido descrito, sendoesta a indicação para tratamentocirúrgicoressectivo. Apresentamos o caso clínico de uma paciente portadora de uma neoplasia cística mucinosa hepática, classificada como cistoadenoma hepático de acordocom a antigaclassificação.

Handgrip Strength Is Associated with Specific Aspects of Vascular Function in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder associated with an increased risk for the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Lower isometric handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the association between HGS and arterial stiffness parameters, which are considered the predictors of morbidity and mortality in individuals with MetS, is not well defined. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between HGS and HGS asymmetry on components of vascular function in adults with MetS. METHODS: We measured handgrip strength normalized to bodyweight (HGS/kg), HGS asymmetry, body composition, blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), reflection coefficient (RC), augmentation index @75 bpm (AIx@75) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) in 55 adults with a diagnosis of MetS between 25 and 54 years old. RESULTS: Mean age was 43.1 ± 7.0 years, 56.3% were females. HGS/kg was negatively correlated with AIx@75 (r = -0.440), p < 0.05, but these associations were not significant after adjusting for age and sex. However, when interaction effects between sex, HGS/kg and age were examined, we observed an inverse relationship between HGS/kg and AIx@75 in the older adults in the sample, whereas in the younger adults, a weak direct association was found. We also found a significant association between HGS asymmetry and PVR (beta = 30, 95% CI = 7.02; 54.2; p <0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that in people with MetS, maintaining muscle strength may have an increasingly important role in older age in the attenuation of age-related increases in AIx@75-a marker of vascular stiffness-and that a higher HGS asymmetry could be associated with a greater vascular resistance.

Anatomía microquirúrgica del seno cavernoso: revisión anatómica y manejo multimodal / Microsurgical Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus: Anatomical Review and Multimodal Management

Introducción: La cirugía del seno cavernoso se consideró durante mucho tiempo inviable (no accesible para el hombre) (5,31) debido al riesgo de sangrado o lesión de estructuras neurovasculares críticas, como la ACI, el nervio oculomotor, troclear y abducens (5.31). Desde entonces, numerosos estudios han contribuido a comprender la anatomía microquirúrgica del seno cavernoso. En 1965, Parkinson (25) realizó el primer abordaje del seno cavernoso para el tratamiento de la fístula carótida-cavernosa. Fue el comienzo de la era moderna en la cirugía del seno cavernoso y abrió la puerta a muchas publicaciones que detallan los abordajes quirúrgicos de diversas lesiones dentro y alrededor del seno cavernoso. Junto al desarrollo y la mejora de la neuroimagen y la anatomía microquirúrgica, permitieron acceder con éxito al seno cavernoso. Nuestro objetivo es presentar una revisión narrativa de vanguardia de la anatomía microquirúrgica del seno cavernoso y el manejo interdisciplinario. Para lograr este propósito, se realizó la disección cadavérica de 2 cabezas (cuatro senos cavernosos) reflejada en 2 casos quirúrgicos, además de una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva que orienta el manejo multimodal de los tumores que se encuentran dentro o alrededor del seno cavernoso. Objetivo: Describir la anatomía quirúrgica del seno cavernoso a través de disecciones cadavéricas y su aplicación microquirúrgica. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 4 senos cavernosos cadavéricos humanos fijados en formol. Las arterias y venas fueron inyectadas con silicona coloreada, las imágenes fueron tomadas con una cámara DSLR Nikon 3400 profesional de 24,2 megapíxeles. Resultados: El seno cavernoso es un compartimento dural que contiene estructuras neurovasculares críticas, cuya disección debe ser realizada de forma cuidadosa y prolija por el inminente riesgo de lesión de las mismas. Es así que lesiones confinadas por ejemplo a la pared lateral (caso clínico 2) tienen mayor probabilidad de remoción total, por lo tanto mejor pronóstico, no así las lesiones que invaden el seno cavernoso (caso clínico 1) donde la probabilidad de remoción total disminuye y el riesgo de lesión neurovascular aumenta. Conclusiones: El conocimiento preciso de la anatomía microquirúrgica del seno cavernoso y el manejo multimodal son cruciales en el manejo y pronóstico del paciente(AU)

Background: Cavernous sinus surgery was long considered unfeasible (not accessible to humans) (5.31) due to the risk of bleeding or injury to critical neurovascular structures, such as the ICA, oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves (5.31). Since then, numerous studies have contributed to understanding the microsurgical anatomy of the cavernous sinus. In 1965, Parkinson (25) performed the first approach to the cavernous sinus for the treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula. This was the beginning of the modern era in cavernous sinus surgery and opens the door to many publications detailing surgical approaches to various injuries in and around the cavernous sinus. Together with the development and improvement of neuroimaging and microsurgical anatomy, they allowed successful access to the cavernous sinus. Our goal is to present a state-of-the-art narrative review of cavernous sinus microsurgical anatomy and interdisciplinary management. To achieve this purpose, cadaveric dissection of 2 heads (four cavernous sinuses) was performed, reflected in 2 surgical cases, in addition to an exhaustive literature review that guides the multimodal management of tumors found within or around the cavernous sinus. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the surgical anatomy of the cavernous sinus through cadaveric dissections and its microsurgical application. Methods: 4 human cadaveric cavernous sinuses fixed in formalin were studied, the arteries and veins were injected with colored silicone, the images were taken with a 24.2-megapixel Nikon 3400 professional DSLR camera. Results: The cavernous sinus is a dural compartment that contains critical neurovascular structures, whose dissection must be performed carefully and neatly due to the imminent risk of injury to them, so lesions confined, for example, to the lateral wall (clinical case 2 ) have a higher probability of total removal and therefore a better prognosis, but not lesions that invade the cavernous sinus (clinical case 1) itself, where the probability of total removal decreases and the risk of neurovascular injury increases. Conclusions: Precise knowledge of the microsurgical anatomy of the cavernous sinus and multimodal management are crucial in the management and prognosis of the patient

Multi-Component Biodegradable Materials Based on Water Kefir Grains and Yeast Biomasses: Effect of the Mixing Ratio on the Properties of the Films.

The use of biopolymeric materials is restricted for some applications due to their deficient properties in comparison to synthetic polymers. Blending different biopolymers is an alternative approach to overcome these limitations. In this study, we developed new biopolymeric blend materials based on the entire biomasses of water kefir grains and yeast. Film-forming dispersions with varying ratios of water kefir to yeast (100/0, 75/25, 50/50 25/75 and 0/100) underwent ultrasonic homogenisation and thermal treatment, resulting in homogeneous dispersions with pseudoplastic behaviour and interaction between both biomasses. Films obtained by casting had a continuous microstructure without cracks or phase separation. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the interaction between the blend components, leading to a homogeneous matrix. As the water kefir content in the film increased, transparency, thermal stability, glass transition temperature and elongation at break also increased. The thermogravimetric analyses and the mechanical tests showed that the combination of water kefir and yeast biomasses resulted in stronger interpolymeric interactions compared to single biomass films. The ratio of the components did not drastically alter hydration and water transport. Our results revealed that blending water kefir grains and yeast biomasses enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. These studies provided evidence that the developed materials are suitable candidates for food packaging applications.

Pharmacokinetic assessment and phytochemical triterpene control from Cecropia angustifolia using plant biotechnology.

INTRODUCTION: Cecropia angustifolia Trécul. is a native Andean plant containing high levels of pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs), including several isobaric molecules that serve as chemical markers. Preclinical studies suggest that PTs positively modulate metabolic and vascular diseases. However, their low oral absorption reduces their bioactive effects. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was (1) to improve the absorption of PTs from C. angustifolia and (2) to establish a platform to produce biomass or botanical reference material using a strategy for their accumulation. METHODS: MALDI-TOF and UPLC-MS were used to characterize and quantify PTs in different matrices. An in vitro platform for PT production was established. Chemical profiles of triterpenes were also evaluated from wild and in vitro herbal material using TLC coupled with mass spectrometry. RESULTS: To overcome the low absorption of PTs, a premier raw material was used, which increased their bioavailability to 9.2%. Active ingredients in herbal material can vary, and there is an urgent need for standardized extracts using pharmacokinetics as an effective tool to reveal the dynamics of active ingredients in vivo. A temporary immersion system was produced as a promising platform with a total PT accumulation exceeding 50% of the content in the dry fraction, indicating it is a feasible mechanism to produce biomass or botanical reference material. CONCLUSIONS: Plant tissue culture is a promising eco-friendly technology for phytochemical production and a modern strategy to protect biodiversity in natural assets. Alternative and modern, yet environmentally friendly production methods are needed to meet the large demand for herbal products.

Clinical outcomes and complications following percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale

Introduction: patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with systemic embolic events, and evidence in favor of its closure is increasing. Our objective is to describe the main clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale. Materials and methods: patients who underwent percutaneous PFO closure from January 1, 2016, through September 1, 2021, were recorded retrospectively. Immediate outcomes (<72 hours), and early and late-onset clinical outcomes were evaluated. In-hospital and follow-up mortality were evaluated through medical chart reviews or telephone calls. Results: forty patients who underwent percutaneous PFO closure were included. There was a mean follow up of 2.3 years, the mean age was 43 ± 13.6 years, 7% were over 60 years old, 72.5% were women, 25% were hypertensive, 20% had diabetes, and 10% had a history of migraines. The mean RoPE score was 6, and 50% had a score greater than 7. Out of all the cases, three (7.5%) had serious adverse events and four had immediate complications. During follow-up, 2.5% had early-onset events consisting of atrial fibrillation and 2.5% had late-onset events due to CVA recurrence. There were no deaths from neurological causes and we reported a 100% survival. Discussion: From our experience, we highlight a low percentage of serious adverse events, and a low number of immediate, early and late-onset events, with a 100% survival, showing excellent results for percutaneous PFO closure. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2585).

Physical Exercise Effects on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Postmenopausal Women-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The cardioprotective effect of physical exercise has been demonstrated in several studies. However, no systematic or updated analysis has described the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. AIM: to describe the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. METHODS: The Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for randomized clinical trials published between January 2011 and December 2021, and regarding the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. Two independent authors processed the citations. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDRo scale. RESULTS: Of the 91 studies identified, only 8 met the inclusion criteria, of which 7 had fair or poor methodological quality. The analyzed studies investigated the effects of functional training, whole-body vibration, muscular resistance, stretching, and aerobic exercises performed at home or at the gym. The majority of these exercise modalities showed improvements in heart-rate variability (HRV) indices and in the low-frequency band of blood pressure variability. The meta-analysis shows that exercise increased the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (SD1) (mean difference (MD) = 3.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22 to 6.77, n = 46; I2: 0%) and the standard deviation of long-term variability (SD2) (MD = 11.37; 95% CI = 2.99 to 19.75; n = 46; I2: 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise and some nonconventional training modalities may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. More high-quality studies are still needed to further confirm their efficacy and safety.

Impacto de la rehabilitación cardiaca de 8 vs 12 semanas sobre la calidad de vida de personas con angioplastia. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Impact of an 8 and 12-week Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on the Perception of Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Angioplasty. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introducción. La evaluación de la calidad de vida es un resultado de salud que comúnmente se asocia con la eficacia de los tratamientos derivados a los pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Específicamente, la literatura no es clara con respecto al papel de la rehabilitación cardíaca sobre la calidad de vida en población sometida a revascularización coronaria. Objetivo. Determinar si existen diferencias en la percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, después de asistir a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca de 8 semanas comparado con uno de 12 semanas en personas post revascularización percutánea. Métodos. Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, conformado por personas que asisten a rehabilitación cardíaca, divididas en dos grupos de estudio (8 y 12 semanas), quienes se evaluaron a través del Cuestionario SF-36.Resultados. La muestra estuvo conformada por 17 personas, con edad promedio de 63.1±6.9 años. Al comparar la evaluación pre y posttratamiento en cada grupo, se encontraron diferencias significativas en los dominios función física y rol físico en el grupo de 8 semanas; al realizar la comparación entre grupos hubo diferencias en el dominio emocional. Conclusión. Los resultados del estudio no evidenciaron diferencias en cuanto a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre los grupos de estudio en el resultado global del cuestionario SF-36. Sin embargo, al comparar las dos intervenciones, el grupo de 8 semanas demostró mejores valores sobre el rol emocional

Introduction. The evaluation of quality of life is a health outcome that is commonly associated with the efficacy of treatments derived from patients with coronary artery disease. The literature is unclear regarding the role of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life in the population undergoing coronary revascularization.Aim. To determine if there are differences in perception of health-related quality of life after attending an 8-week cardiac rehabilitation program compared to a 12-week program in people after coronary angioplasty. Methods. Randomized controlled clinical trial that included people with coronary angioplasty, who attended a cardiac rehabilitation program, divided in two groups (8 and 12 weeks), who were evaluated through the 8 domains of Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results. The sample was made up of 17 people, with an average age of 63.1 ± 6.9 years. When comparing the evaluation before and after treatment in each group, sta-tistical differences were found in the physical-functioning and role-physical in 8 weeks group. Comparation between group show differences in role-emotional. Conclusion. The results of the present study did not show differences between the global score on health-related quality of life. However, when comparing the two in-terventions, the 8-week group showed better values on the role-emotional.

Type 1 Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Differentially Modulates Neurotransmitter Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens of Juvenile versus Adult Rats.

Adversity is particularly pernicious in early life, increasing the likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Juvenile and adult rats exposed to social isolation show differences in anxiety-like behaviors and significant changes in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Brain response to stress is partly mediated by the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system, composed of CRF and its two main receptors, CRF-R1 and CRF-R2. In the NAc shell of adult rats, CRF induces anxiety-like behavior and changes local DA balance. However, the role of CRF receptors in the control of neurotransmission in the NAc is not fully understood, nor is it known whether there are differences between life stages. Our previous data showed that infusion of a CRF-R1 antagonist into the NAc of juvenile rats increased DA levels in response to a depolarizing stimulus and decreased basal glutamate levels. To extend this analysis, we now evaluated the effect of a CRF-R1 antagonist infusion in the NAc of adult rats. Here, we describe that the opposite occurred in the NAc of adult compared to juvenile rats. Infusion of a CRF-R1 antagonist decreased DA and increased glutamate levels in response to a depolarizing stimulus. Furthermore, basal levels of DA, glutamate, and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) were similar in juvenile animals compared to adults. CRF-R1 protein levels and localization were not different in juvenile compared to adult rats. Interestingly, we observed differences in the signaling pathways of CRF-R1 in the NAc of juveniles compared to adult rats. We propose that the function of CRF-R1 receptors is differentially modulated in the NAc according to life stage.

Hydraena bahiana sp. n., a new minute moss beetle (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae) from highlands of Northeast Brazil.

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) bahiana sp. nov. is described from Bahia State, Northeast Brazil, based on three specimens collected in pools at the headwater of a stream, 1,705 m. asl. The new species belongs to the Hydraena scintillabella subgroup of the leechi group. Description and diagnostic characters are offered; habitus photographs and line drawings of both male and female genitalia are provided. Habitat and distributional data of the new species are also included.

Efectos de la rehabilitación cardíaca de fase I. Revisión sistemática / Effects of phase I of cardiac rehabilitation. Systematic review

Resumen Introducción: La rehabilitación cardíaca de fase I es un programa hospitalario que tiene como objetivo reducir los efectos que se pueden derivar del reposo prolongado en cama e instruir al paciente para el ingreso a la fase ambulatoria de rehabilitación. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de la rehabilitación cardíaca de fase I en pacientes sometidos a revascularización miocárdica y cambios valvulares, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Método: La revisión incluyó ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados que analizaran los efectos de la rehabilitación cardíaca de fase I. Se emplearon las bases de datos Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase y Embase classic OVID. La búsqueda se limitó a los artículos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2017, en inglés, portugués y español. Los estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión recibieron un análisis de la calidad metodológica, el nivel de evidencia y el grado de recomendación según las escalas PEDro y Scottish. Resultados: Fueron elegibles 298 artículos, de los cuales cuatro fueron seleccionados y analizados; todos estos incluyeron población que había sido sometida a revascularización quirúrgica cardíaca y dos a población con reparación o reemplazo valvular quirúrgico. En cuanto a la calidad metodológica, dos fueron categorizados como de buena calidad con un nivel de evidencia 1+ y 1++ y un grado de recomendación A y B. Los protocolos de tratamiento utilizados fueron las técnicas respiratorias, los ejercicios activos de extremidades y la deambulación. Conclusiones: La literatura analizada sugiere incluir los procesos de rehabilitación cardíaca de fase I, lo cual puede mejorar la función pulmonar y disminuir la ansiedad, variable que se asoció de manera directa con la estancia hospitalaria en los pacientes posquirúrgicos cardíacos.

Abstract Introduction: The phase I of cardiac rehabilitation have the proposed decrease the effects on the bed rest and better adherence at the phase II. Objective: To analyze the effects of phase I CR in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization and valve changes, through a systematic review of the literature. Method: The review includes randomized clinical trials looking at the effects of phase I. The base date Scopus, Science Direct, Embase & Embase classic OVID. The search was limited between 2000 and 2017, in English Portuguese and Spanish. Results: 298 articles were were eligible, and only four were selected and analyzed. The articles included a population with bypass coronary and two articles with surgery to valve replacement or repair. Regarding quality methodology, Two were rated to be good quality with an evidence level of 1+ and 1++ and a degree of recommendation A y B. The protocols used for treatment include breathing techniques, upper and lower limps exercise and ambulation. Conclusions: The phase I cardiac rehabilitation, could improve lung function and reduce anxiety, this is associated directly with stay hospital post-surgical cardiac patients

Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study on Tuning the Electrical and Optical Properties of Zr-Doped ZnO Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition.

This work reports the ellipsometry analysis of atomic layer deposition (ALD) films of ZnO doped with Zr to determine parameters like free carrier concentration and mobility. Thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Zr-doped ZnO of thickness ∼100 nm were prepared by atomic layer deposition on sapphire, SiO2/Si(100), and Si(100) substrates. Variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to study their optical properties in the 0.5-3.5 eV spectral range. The optical constants were accurately obtained using a model that combines Drude and Tauc-Lorentz oscillators with Bruggeman effective medium approximations, allowing the inclusion of a roughness layer in the optical model. The effect of Zr doping (ca. 1.9-4.4 atom %) was then investigated in both as-prepared samples and samples annealed in the temperature range of 100-300 °C. All of the films exhibited good optical transparency (ca. 70-90% in the visible region). For doping levels below 2.7 atom %, the real part of the dielectric permittivity reveals a semiconductor-to-metal transition in the near-infrared (NIR) region, as the permittivity goes from positive to negative. Besides, the plasma energy increases with increasing Zr concentration, and both resistivity and carrier concentration exhibit slightly parabolic behaviors, with a minimum of ∼1.5 × 10-3 Ω cm and a maximum of 2.4 × 1020 cm-3, respectively, at the same critical Zr concentration (2.7 atom %). In contrast, the carrier mobility decreases rapidly from 76.0 to 19.2 cm2/(V s) with increasing Zr content, while conductivities and carrier mobilities worsen when the annealing temperature increases, probably due to the segregation of ZnO crystals. Finally, the optical band gap is very stable, revealing its interesting independence of substrate composition and annealing temperature, as it collapses to a single master curve when band gap energy is plotted versus free carrier concentration, following the Burstein-Moss effect. Overall, the Zr-doped ZnO films studied here would be a highly desirable system for developing thermally stable transparent conductive oxides (TCOs).

Handgrip strength is associated with risk of falls in physically active older women.

The authors of this study inquire about the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and the risk of falls in physically active older women. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 135 women between 50 and 90 years of age who were referred for the follow-up evaluations of HGS using dynamometry and the Tinetti scale to determine the risk of falls. The mean age was 68.8 ± 8.5 years. A total of 31.9% of women had a high risk of falls, and 55% reported five or more falls in the past six months. In addition, our results indicated that grip strength decreases as risk of falls increases (minimal risk = 42.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.8, 45.8; moderate risk = 31.3, 95% CI: 29.1, 33.5; high risk = 21.9, 95% CI: 19.3, 24.6). It should be considered that in physically active women aged over 50 years, the grip strength could be a predictor of falls and risk of falls. Evaluation of grip strength is a low-cost type of assessment that can be included as a part of physical tests.

Prophylactic Central Neck Lymph Node Dissection in Low-risk Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Does Not Decrease the Incidence of Locoregional Recurrence: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of T + prophylactic CND (T+CND) compared to T alone on locoregional recurrence in patients with PTC. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Few RCTs have assessed the risks and benefits of prophylactic CND in patients with PTC. Most recommendations are still based on meta-analyses that include observational studies, which are prone to selection bias. METHODS: We included RCTs involving adult patients with clinically negative neck (cN0) PTC that compared T versus T+CND. The main outcomes assessed were structural and biochemical recurrence and complications. For methodological quality assessment, we used the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials instrument, and for robustness, we used the fragility index. RESULTS: Five RCTs with 763 patients were included (354 in the T group and 409 in the T+CND group). Most studies were classified as having a low risk of bias. Publication bias was not found. Structural recurrence occurred in 11/409 (2.7%) patients in the T+CND group and 9/354 (2.5%) patients in the T group, with a risk difference (RD) =0% [95% confidence interval (CI) -2% to 2%]. For biochemical recurrence, the RD was 0% (95% CI -5% to 4%). The number needed to treat was 500. The rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism was higher in the T+CND group than in the T group [RD 3% (95% CI 0%-6%)]. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find a beneficial effect of prophylactic CND associated with T on locoregional or biochemical recurrence but did confirm a higher risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism associated with this procedure.

Examining Facilitators and Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation Adherence in a Low-Resource Setting in Latin America from Multiple Perspectives.

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is under-used, particularly in low-resource settings. There are few studies of barriers and facilitators to CR adherence in these settings, particularly considering multiple perspectives. In this multiple-method study, a cross-sectional survey including the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (each item scored on a five-point Likert scale) was administered to patients treated between February and July, 2019, in three CR centers in Colombia. A random subsample of 50 participants was invited to a focus group, along with an accompanying relative. Physiotherapists from the programs were invited to an interview, with a similar interview guide. Audio-recordings were transcribed and analyzed using interpretive description. A total of 210 patients completed the survey, and 9 patients, together with 3 of their relatives and 3 physiotherapists, were interviewed. The greatest barriers identified were costs (mean = 2.8 ± 1.6), distance (2.6 ± 1.6) and transportation (2.5 ± 1.6); the logistical subscale was highest. Six themes were identified, pertaining to well-being, life roles, weather, financial factors, healthcare professionals and health system factors. The main facilitators were encouragement from physiotherapists, relatives and other patients. The development of hybrid programs where patients transition from supervised to unsupervised sessions when appropriate should be considered, if health insurers were to reimburse them. Programs should consider the implications regarding policies of family inclusion.