OBJECTIVES: This scoping study aims to identify environmental road safety measures implemented in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to reduce pedestrian injuries from collisions with motor vehicles. METHODS: This review followed Arksey and O'Malley's approach and reported results using the PRISMA-SCR 2018 checklist. A literature review was conducted in Medline, Google Scholar, and the Transport Research International Documentation database using keyword-derived medical subject heading terms. A total of 14 articles met the pre-established inclusion criteria and were analyzed using a data extraction matrix. The findings were categorized methodically into three prominent themes: (1) methods for reducing pedestrian exposure, (2) traffic calming strategies, and (3) measures for enhancing pedestrian visibility. RESULTS: Traffic calming strategies, including vehicular speed reduction, roadway contraction, and vertical and horizontal diversionary tactics, emerged as the most effective interventions for reducing pedestrian injuries within LMICs. Conversely, interventions geared towards minimizing pedestrian exposure, such as zebra crossings, crosswalks controlled by traffic signals, underpasses, or overpasses, often produced minimal effects, and occasionally exacerbated the risk of pedestrian accidents. Lack of pedestrian visibility due to density of street vendors and parked vehicles was associated with a higher risk of injuries, while billboards impaired drivers' attention and increased the likelihood of collisions with pedestrians. DISCUSSION: In LMICs, the effectiveness of environmental measures in reducing vehicle-pedestrian crashes varies widely. In the face of resource constraints, implementing interventions for pedestrian safety in LMICs necessitates careful prioritization and consideration of the local context.
BACKGROUND: Poor quality of care is a barrier to engagement in HIV care and treatment in low- and middle-income country settings. This study involved focus group discussions (FGD) with patients and health workers in two large urban hospitals to describe quality of patient education and psychosocial support services within Haiti's national HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) program. The purpose of this qualitative study was to illuminate key gaps and salient "ingredients" for improving quality of care. METHODS: The study included 8 FGDs with a total of 26 male patients and 32 female patients and 15 smaller FGDs with 57 health workers. The analysis used a directed content analysis method, with the goal of extending existing conceptual frameworks on quality of care through rich description. RESULTS: Dimension of safety, patient-centeredness, accessibility, and equity were most salient. Patients noted risks to privacy with both clinic and community-based services as well as concerns with ART side effects, while health workers described risks to their own safety in providing community-based services. While patients cited examples of positive interactions with health workers that centered their needs and perspectives, they also noted concerns that inhibited trust and satisfaction with services. Health workers described difficult working conditions that challenged their ability to provide patient-centered services. Patients sought favored relationships with health workers to help them navigate the health care system, but this undermined the sense of fairness. Both patients and health workers described frustration with lack of resources to assist patients in dire poverty, and health workers described great pressure to help patients from their "own pockets." CONCLUSIONS: These concerns reflected the embeddedness of patient - provider interactions within a health system marked by scarcity, power dynamics between patients and health workers, and social stigma related to HIV. Reinforcing a respectful and welcoming atmosphere, timely service, privacy protection, and building patient perception of fairness in access to support could help to build patient satisfaction and care engagement in Haiti. Improving working conditions for health workers is also critical to achieving quality.
HIV Infections , Patient Satisfaction , Humans , Male , Female , Haiti , Qualitative Research , Focus Groups , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/psychology
OBJECTIVE: To assess the process and outcomes of the implementation of an electronic fingerprint initiative as part of quality improvement in three health facilities in the Northern Department of Haiti, in terms of its acceptability, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, and sustainability. In Haiti, poor attendance of the healthcare workforce is a nationwide problem, closely related to the quality of care. Three health institutions have tried to implement an electronic fingerprint system to monitor and improve attendance. METHODS: An exploratory and qualitative descriptive study of the implementation outcomes of the fingerprint initiative. It was based on semi-structured interviews and one group discussion using purposeful sampling techniques to recruit participants, and an open coding system and deductive approach to analyze the data using ATLAS.ti 8. RESULTS: The fingerprint initiative was successfully implemented in a non-governmental organization supported health facility but, despite some planning, it was never implemented in the public health facilities. The acceptability of the implementation was high in the not-for-profit organization and low in the public settings, mostly in relation to the presence of champions and the leadership at each health facility. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend more involvement of the leadership of health facilities in the different phases of the implementation process in order to guarantee acceptability, adoption, fidelity and sustainabiliy. More research is needed to articulate this technology-driven initiative in the Haitian health system.
[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To assess the process and outcomes of the implementation of an electronic fingerprint initiative as part of quality improvement in three health facilities in the Northern Department of Haiti, in terms of its acceptability, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, and sustainability. In Haiti, poor attendance of the healthcare workforce is a nationwide problem, closely related to the quality of care. Three health institutions have tried to implement an electronic fingerprint system to monitor and improve attendance. Methods. An exploratory and qualitative descriptive study of the implementation outcomes of the fingerprint initiative. It was based on semi-structured interviews and one group discussion using purposeful sampling techniques to recruit participants, and an open coding system and deductive approach to analyze the data using ATLAS.ti 8. Results. The fingerprint initiative was successfully implemented in a non-governmental organization supported health facility but, despite some planning, it was never implemented in the public health facilities. The acceptability of the implementation was high in the not-for-profit organization and low in the public settings, mostly in relation to the presence of champions and the leadership at each health facility. Conclusions. We recommend more involvement of the leadership of health facilities in the different phases of the implementation process in order to guarantee acceptability, adoption, fidelity and sustainability. More research is needed to articulate this technology-driven initiative in the Haitian health system.
[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Evaluar el proceso y los resultados de la puesta en práctica de una iniciativa de digitalización de huellas dactilares como parte de la mejora de la calidad en tres establecimientos de salud del departamento Norte de Haití, en cuanto a su aceptabilidad, adopción, viabilidad, fidelidad y sostenibilidad. En Haití, el absentismo de los trabajadores de atención de salud es un problema nacional, estrechamente relacionado con la calidad de la atención. Tres instituciones de salud han tratado de poner en práctica un sistema de huellas dactilares digitalizadas para monitorear y mejorar la asistencia. Métodos. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo cualitativo y exploratorio de los resultados de la puesta en práctica de la iniciativa de la huella dactilar. Este estudio empleó entrevistas semiestructuradas y una discusión de grupo mediante técnicas de muestreo con fines específicos para reclutar a los participantes, y un sistema de codificación abierta y enfoque deductivo para analizar los datos con ATLAS.ti 8. Resultados. La iniciativa de la huella dactilar se llevó a cabo satisfactoriamente en un establecimiento de salud no gubernamental; sin embargo, a pesar de cierta planificación, no llegó a ponerse en práctica en establecimientos públicos de salud. La aceptabilidad de la implementación fue alta en las organizaciones sin fines de lucro y baja en los entornos públicos, principalmente en lo que respecta a la presencia de líderes y dirigentes en cada establecimiento de salud. Conclusiones. Recomendamos una mayor participación de la gerencia de los establecimientos de salud en las diferentes fases del proceso de ejecución para garantizar aceptabilidad, adopción, fidelidad y sostenibilidad. Se necesita investigación adicional para integrar esta iniciativa impulsada por la tecnología en el sistema de salud haitiano.
[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Avaliar o processo e os resultados da implantação de uma iniciativa de controle de ponto eletrônico por biometria para melhoria da qualidade em três serviços de saúde no Departamento Norte do Haiti quanto à aceitabilidade, adoção, viabilidade, fidelidade e sustentabilidade. A baixa assiduidade no trabalho do pessoal da saúde é um problema em todo o país e está estreitamente relacionada à qualidade da atenção. Foi feita uma tentativa de implantar um sistema de ponto eletrônico por biometria em três instituições de saúde, para monitorar e aumentar a assiduidade no trabalho. Métodos. Estudo exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo dos resultados da implantação da iniciativa de ponto eletrônico por biometria. Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas semiestruturadas e em um grupo de discussão usando técnica de amostragem intencional para recrutar os participantes. A análise de dados foi realizada por codificação aberta e enfoque dedutivo com o uso do software ATLAS.ti 8. Resultados. A iniciativa de ponto eletrônico por biometria foi implantada com êxito em um serviço de saúde apoiado por uma organização não governamental. Porém, apesar do planejamento, ela nunca foi implantada nos serviços da rede pública. A aceitabilidade foi muito boa na entidade sem fins lucrativos, mas foi baixa na rede pública, sobretudo em relação à presença de apoiadores e dirigentes no local. Conclusões. Recomenda-se maior envolvimento dos dirigentes dos serviços de saúde nas diferentes fases do processo de implantação para garantir a aceitabilidade, adoção, fidelidade e sustentabilidade da iniciativa. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para estruturar esta iniciativa com uso de tecnologia no sistema de saúde do Haiti.
Quality Improvement , Implementation Science , Biometric Identification , Haiti , Quality Improvement , Implementation Science , Biometric Identification , Haiti , Quality Improvement , Implementation Science , Biometric Identification
ABSTRACT Objective. To assess the process and outcomes of the implementation of an electronic fingerprint initiative as part of quality improvement in three health facilities in the Northern Department of Haiti, in terms of its acceptability, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, and sustainability. In Haiti, poor attendance of the healthcare workforce is a nationwide problem, closely related to the quality of care. Three health institutions have tried to implement an electronic fingerprint system to monitor and improve attendance. Methods. An exploratory and qualitative descriptive study of the implementation outcomes of the fingerprint initiative. It was based on semi-structured interviews and one group discussion using purposeful sampling techniques to recruit participants, and an open coding system and deductive approach to analyze the data using ATLAS.ti 8. Results. The fingerprint initiative was successfully implemented in a non-governmental organization supported health facility but, despite some planning, it was never implemented in the public health facilities. The acceptability of the implementation was high in the not-for-profit organization and low in the public settings, mostly in relation to the presence of champions and the leadership at each health facility. Conclusions. We recommend more involvement of the leadership of health facilities in the different phases of the implementation process in order to guarantee acceptability, adoption, fidelity and sustainabiliy. More research is needed to articulate this technology-driven initiative in the Haitian health system.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el proceso y los resultados de la puesta en práctica de una iniciativa de digitalización de huellas dactilares como parte de la mejora de la calidad en tres establecimientos de salud del departamento Norte de Haití, en cuanto a su aceptabilidad, adopción, viabilidad, fidelidad y sostenibilidad. En Haití, el absentismo de los trabajadores de atención de salud es un problema nacional, estrechamente relacionado con la calidad de la atención. Tres instituciones de salud han tratado de poner en práctica un sistema de huellas dactilares digitalizadas para monitorear y mejorar la asistencia. Métodos. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo cualitativo y exploratorio de los resultados de la puesta en práctica de la iniciativa de la huella dactilar. Este estudio empleó entrevistas semiestructuradas y una discusión de grupo mediante técnicas de muestreo con fines específicos para reclutar a los participantes, y un sistema de codificación abierta y enfoque deductivo para analizar los datos con ATLAS.ti 8. Resultados. La iniciativa de la huella dactilar se llevó a cabo satisfactoriamente en un establecimiento de salud no gubernamental; sin embargo, a pesar de cierta planificación, no llegó a ponerse en práctica en establecimientos públicos de salud. La aceptabilidad de la implementación fue alta en las organizaciones sin fines de lucro y baja en los entornos públicos, principalmente en lo que respecta a la presencia de líderes y dirigentes en cada establecimiento de salud. Conclusiones. Recomendamos una mayor participación de la gerencia de los establecimientos de salud en las diferentes fases del proceso de ejecución para garantizar aceptabilidad, adopción, fidelidad y sostenibilidad. Se necesita investigación adicional para integrar esta iniciativa impulsada por la tecnología en el sistema de salud haitiano.
RESUMO Objetivo. Avaliar o processo e os resultados da implantação de uma iniciativa de controle de ponto eletrônico por biometria para melhoria da qualidade em três serviços de saúde no Departamento Norte do Haiti quanto à aceitabilidade, adoção, viabilidade, fidelidade e sustentabilidade. A baixa assiduidade no trabalho do pessoal da saúde é um problema em todo o país e está estreitamente relacionada à qualidade da atenção. Foi feita uma tentativa de implantar um sistema de ponto eletrônico por biometria em três instituições de saúde, para monitorar e aumentar a assiduidade no trabalho. Métodos. Estudo exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo dos resultados da implantação da iniciativa de ponto eletrônico por biometria. Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas semiestruturadas e em um grupo de discussão usando técnica de amostragem intencional para recrutar os participantes. A análise de dados foi realizada por codificação aberta e enfoque dedutivo com o uso do software ATLAS.ti 8. Resultados. A iniciativa de ponto eletrônico por biometria foi implantada com êxito em um serviço de saúde apoiado por uma organização não governamental. Porém, apesar do planejamento, ela nunca foi implantada nos serviços da rede pública. A aceitabilidade foi muito boa na entidade sem fins lucrativos, mas foi baixa na rede pública, sobretudo em relação à presença de apoiadores e dirigentes no local. Conclusões. Recomenda-se maior envolvimento dos dirigentes dos serviços de saúde nas diferentes fases do processo de implantação para garantir a aceitabilidade, adoção, fidelidade e sustentabilidade da iniciativa. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para estruturar esta iniciativa com uso de tecnologia no sistema de saúde do Haiti.
Humans , Quality of Health Care , Biometric Identification , Quality Improvement , Dermatoglyphics , Haiti
Analyses of the present data are reported in the article "What are the characteristics of the champion that influence the implementation of quality improvement programs?" [5]. Data were collected from April to September 2019 using a qualitative data collection tool, an interview guide (see Appendix 1). A total of 21 staff were interviewed from three different health facilities in the Northern Department of Haiti. They gave their perceptions about the qualities and the characteristics of the champions involved in the planning and implementation of quality improvement initiatives in the health facilities in order to introduce change for a better quality of care. This data article provides an overview of the content of those interviews in terms of the characteristics of the champions. In addition, instructions are included about the output of Atlas ti software. You could reuse those data to get a better understanding of the quality and the characteristics of the champions that play a critical role in the implementation of quality improvement programs. The dataset includes the following: - Raw data: interviews transcripts - The Atlas ti software outputs: codes and quotations - The codebook.
BACKGROUND: Quality improvement in Healthcare is the new fashion actually. Rich countries and developing countries alike are trying to implement quality improvement initiatives to improve their performance and the quality of care. There is evidence in the scientific literature that the existence of a "champion" can play an important role in the successful implementation of quality improvement strategies. Most of the time, people get stuck at the implementation level: they know what to do but they fail to execute it in the organizational setting. That's where a champion can be useful to facilitate the success of the change. There is a paucity of research on the link between the champion and the implementation of quality improvement programs. The aim of the study was to investigate the perceptions of stakeholders about the characteristics and qualities of the champion that could facilitate the successful implementation of quality improvement programs in health care settings in Haiti. METHODS: Twenty semi-structured individual interviews and one small group discussion (n = 4) with providers, administrators, directors, and NGO representatives were conducted during a six months period. The total sample size was twenty-four (n = 24). The methods were informed by grounded theory and the data were analyzed using the constant comparative method and thematic content analysis approach. RESULTS: The analysis resulted in eleven themes describing the characteristics and qualities of a successful champion: Communication and persuasion, proactivity, humility, horizontal and collective leadership style, sense of responsibility and accountability, go-ahead type, empathy, dedication and motivation, ability to inspire and motivate people, have a vision, and encourage learning. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to support and encourage champions in the health care systems in developing countries to master and exhibit those qualities and characteristics in order to lead a team for the successful implementation of quality improvement initiatives in the health facilities. More research is needed to understand how to better articulate those qualities in the context of the Haitian health care system.
