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Continuous cropping often results in severe "replant problem," across various crops due to the autotoxins accumulation, soil acidification, pathogens proliferation, and microbial dysfunction. We unveiled a groundbreaking phenomenon that long-term continuous cropping (LTCC) can alleviate the tobacco replant problem. This mitigation occurs through the enrichment of autotoxin-degrading microbes, and the transformative impact is evident with even a modest application (10%) of LTCC soil to short-term continuous cropping (STCC) soil. Our investigation has pinpointed specific autotoxin-degrading bacteria, particularly the Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species, which exhibit the capacity to alleviate the tobacco replant problem in STCC soil. Their autotoxin-degrading mechanism using axenic culture and soil samples was also conducted via comprehensive analyses of microbiome and transcriptome approach. This research sheds light on the potential of LTCC as a strategic approach for sustainable agriculture, addressing replant problems and promoting the health of cropping systems. UV, ultraviolet; OD, optical density.
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Introduction: This study explores the overlooked psychological and behavioral dynamics of employees in compliance management, applying the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework to assess environmental stimuli's impact on employees in international construction projects. Methods: A scenario-based survey involving 270 international construction employees was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), focusing on the relationship between environmental stimuli and compliance intentions. Results: Findings categorize environmental influences on compliance into internal and external organizational dimensions, highlighting the significant impact of internal factors on compliance intentions. Key determinants identified for high compliance intention include individual traits and organizational climate, while project pressures, rules and regulations, and cultural differences show variable influence. Conclusion: This study enhances the understanding of the psychological factors driving non-compliant behaviors and introduces a binary micro-ecological approach to compliance management, effectively integrating individual and project organizational elements. In contrast to traditional corporate governance approaches, this strategy emphasizes the role of project organizational micro-ecology in the management of international construction projects. The strategy aims to improve compliance management among international contractors by influencing the psychological and behavioral compliance of frontline employees.
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Soil sickness a severe problem in tobacco production, leading to soil-borne diseases and reduce in tobacco yield. This occurs as a result of the interaction between root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms, which is however, little studied until now. By combining the field investigation and pot experiment, we found the output yield consistently decreased during the first 10 years of continuous cropping in a tobacco field, but increased at the 15th year (15Y). The root exudate and rhizosphere bacterial community was further analyzed to reveal the underlying mechanism of the suppressive soil formation. Root exudate of 15Y tobacco enriched in amino acids and derivatives, while depleted in the typical autotoxins including phenolic acids and alkaloids. This was correlated to the low microbial diversity in 15Y, but also the changes in community composition and topological properties of the co-occurrence network. Especially, the reduced autotoxins were associated with low Actinobacteria abundance, low network complexity and high network modularity, which significantly correlated with the recovered output yield in 15Y. This study revealed the coevolution of rhizosphere microbiota and root exudate as the soil domesticated by continuous cropping of tobacco, and indicated a potential role of the autotoxins and theirs effect on the microbial community in the formation of suppressive soil.
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Microbiota , Nicotiana , Raíces de Plantas , Rizosfera , Microbiología del Suelo , Nicotiana/microbiología , Nicotiana/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Exudados de Plantas/metabolismo , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
Changes in climatic factors and rhizosphere microbiota led plants to adjust their metabolic strategies for survival under adverse environmental conditions. Changes in plant metabolites can mediate crop growth and development and interact with rhizosphere microbiota of the plant rhizosphere. To understand the interactions among environmental factors, rhizosphere microbiota, and metabolites of tobacco, a study was conducted by using integrated metagenomic and metabolomic strategies at four typical representative tobacco planting sites in Yunnan, China. The results showed that the agronomical and biochemical traits were significantly affected by temperature, precipitation (PREP), soil pH, and altitude. Correlation analyses revealed a significant positive correlation of temperature with length, width, and area of the leaf, while PREP correlated with plant height and effective leaf numbers. Furthermore, total sugar and reducing sugar contents of baked leaves were significantly higher, while the total nitrogen and total alkaloid levels were lower in tobacco leaves at site with low PREP. A total of 770 metabolites were detected with the highest number of different abundant metabolites (DMs) at Chuxiong (CX) with low PREP as compared to the other three sites, in which secondary metabolites were more abundant in both leaves and roots of tobacco. A total of 8,479 species, belonging to 2,094 genera with 420 individual bins (including 13 higher-quality bins) harboring 851,209 CDSs were detected. The phyla levels of microorganisms such as Euryarchaeota, Myxococcota, and Deinococcota were significantly enriched at the CX site, while Pseudomonadota was enriched at the high-temperature site with good PREP. The correlation analyses showed that the metabolic compounds in low-PREP site samples were positively correlated with Diaminobutyricimonas, Nissabacter, Alloactinosynnema, and Catellatospora and negatively correlated with Amniculibacterium, Nordella, Noviherbaspirillum, and Limnobacter, suggesting that the recruitment of Diaminobutyricimonas, Nissabacter, Alloactinosynnema, and Catellatospora in the rhizosphere induces the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites (SMs) (e.g., nitrogen compounds, terpenoids, and phenolics) for increasing drought tolerance with an unknown mechanism. The results of this study may promote the production and application of microbial fertilizers and agents such as Diaminobutyricimonas and Alloactinosynnema to assemble synthetic microbiota community or using their gene resources for better cultivation of tobacco as well as other crops in drought environments.
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The impact of fracturing on coal seams includes not only mechanical alterations but also physical and chemical alterations. The coupling of these alterations plays an important role in the recovery of coalbed methane (CBM). 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and molecular models were conducted on coals with different degrees of fracturing to study the alterations in the coal structure during CBM stimulation. The 13C NMR results show that some aliphatic chains and oxygen-containing functional groups were shed, and some aliphatic rings were broken due to the effects of fracturing, which cause an increase in the relative content of aromatic carbon. The HRTEM and XRD results indicate that fracturing will result in a decrease in the interlayer spacing d002, an increase in the stacking height Lc, and a slight increase in the layer size La. Moreover, the orientation distribution in fractured coal was more intensive. The construction of molecular models also verified the variation of surface functional groups and interlayer spacing. Based on these analyses and molecular models, the alteration mechanism of functional groups and aromatic structures under fracturing was demonstrated. This study clarifies the alteration of the coal structure by fracturing and has important implications for the recovery of CBM.
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BACKGROUND: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a relatively common disease, especially in the elderly, for which there is no clear standard of treatment available. The authors systematically evaluated the efficacy of various surgical procedures for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. METHODS: Electronic databases of PubMed, EmBase, Web of Science, Medicine, and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically. Based on the PRISMA template, we finally selected and analyzed 13 eligible papers to evaluate the effect of different drainage methods on CSDH. The primary outcomes were recurrence and clinical outcomes. Secondary outcomes were mortality and postoperative complications and other parameters. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 3 randomized controlled trials and 10 retrospective studies (non-randomized controlled trials) involving 3619 patients. The pooled results showed no statistically significant difference between non-subdural drainage (NSD) and subdural drainage (SD) in mortality and complication rates (Pâ >â 0.05). Additionally, overall pooled results showed that the use of NSD (10.9%) has a lower recurrence rate than the use of SD (11.7%), but the results were not statistically significant (relative risk ratio [RR]â =â 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]â =â 0.70-1.45; I2â =â 47%; Pâ =â .92). However, the difference between NSD and SD in postoperative bleeding rate reached statistical significance (RRâ =â 2.39; 95% CIâ =â 1.31-4.36; I2â =â 0 %; Pâ =â .004). Subgroup analysis showed that SD was associated with similar recurrent CSDH (RRâ =â 0.75; 95% CIâ =â 0.52-1.09; I2â =â 0%; Pâ =â .14), good recovery (RRâ =â 0.98; 95% CIâ =â 0.93-1.04; I2â =â 0%; Pâ =â .50), and mortality (RRâ =â 0.98; 95% CIâ =â 0.37-2.57; I2â =â 0%; Pâ =â .96), compared to NSD. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NSD and SD are equally effective in the treatment of patients with CSDH, with no difference in final clinical characteristics and radiologic outcomes. However, in patients with limited subdural space after evacuation of a hematoma, NSD may be the preferred strategy to avoid iatrogenic brain injury.
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Hematoma Subdural Crónico , Espacio Subdural , Humanos , Anciano , Hematoma Subdural Crónico/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/etiología , Drenaje/métodos , Periostio/cirugía , Recurrencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Introduction: Expatriates are facing more stressors, such as cross-cultural adjustment, global political instability, family separation, health concern. The black swan events of the pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war have posed significant challenges in the current international environment. Adapting to an expatriate environment as soon as possible is critical to expatriate success. This study aims to examine the factors that affect expatriate adjustment through psychological resilience. Methods: Guided by person-environment (p-e) fit theory, an expatriate adjustment framework based on psychological resilience is proposed, and 309 valid sample data are used for structural equation model (SEM) analysis. Results: The results show that expatriate adjustment is a psychological process based on the development of resilience. Social support plays a buffering role in dealing with environmental deviations induced stressors. The person-environment transactional process is the most critical adjustment process. Discussion: The development of expatriate adjustment is divided into four stages (shock, buffer, adjustment, mastery) consistent with resilience development. Project managers can take different expatriate management strategies from multiple aspects. Finally, this study proposes the U-curve hypothesis of expatriates' psychological resilience development aligned with the U-curve process of expatriate adjustment for future research.
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BACKGROUND: In the past 3 years, the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a great threat to human life and safety. Among the causes of death in COVID-19 patients, combined or secondary bacterial infection is an important factor. As a special group, pregnant women experience varying degrees of change in their immune status, cardiopulmonary function, and anatomical structure during pregnancy, which puts them at higher risk of contracting COVID-19. COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is associated with increased adverse events such as hospitalisation, admission to the intensive care unit, and mechanical ventilation. Therefore, pregnancy combined with coinfection of COVID-19 and bacteria often leads to critical respiratory failure, posing severe challenges in the diagnosis and treatment process. CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of COVID-19 complicated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) coinfection in a pregnant woman at 34 wk of gestation. Her rapid progression of pulmonary lesions caused severe respiratory failure, and she received non-invasive ventilator-assisted respiratory treatment. Subsequently, we delivered a foetus via emergency caesarean section after accelerating the maturity of the foetal pulmonary system, and the respiratory condition of the puerperant woman significantly improved after the delivery of the foetus. Lavage fluid was taken under tracheoscopy to quickly search for pathogens by the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and both COVID-19 and S. aureus were detected. After targeted anti-infective treatment, the maternal condition gradually improved, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSION: The coinfection of pregnancy with COVID-19 and bacteria often leads to critical respiratory failure, which is a great challenge in the process of diagnosis and treatment. It is crucial to choose the right time to deliver the foetus and to quickly find pathogens by mNGS.
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Objective: Infectious diseases including COVID-19 and mental disorders are two of the most common health conditions associated with stigma. However, the comparative stigma of these two conditions has received less attention in research. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of stigmatizing views toward people with COVID-19 and mental disorders and the factors associated with these views, among a large sample of adolescent and young adult students in China. Methods: A total of 9,749 adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years completed a survey on stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 and mental disorders, as well as mental health-related factors, including general mental health status and symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with stigmatizing views. Findings: The prevalence of COVID-19 and mental disorders-related stigma was 17.2% and 40.7%, respectively. COVID-19-related stigma scores were significantly higher among male students (ß = 0.025, p < 0.05), those without quarantine experience (ß = 0.035, p < 0.001), those with lower educational level (p < 0.001), those with lower family income (p < 0.01), and those with higher PTSD symptoms (ß = 0.045, p < 0.05). Mental disorder-related stigma scores were significantly higher among individuals with average and lower-than-average levels of family income (p < 0.01), depression symptoms (ß = 0.056, p < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (ß = 0.051, p < 0.001), and mental health problems (ß = 0.027, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The stigma of mental disorders is higher in the youth population than the stigma of COVID-19. Factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes toward people with COVID-19 and mental disorders varied across the youth. Stigma-reduction interventions among the youth should be targeted specifically to COVID-19 or mental disorders conditions.
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BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is the terminal stage of multiple cardiovascular diseases, with high mortality and morbidity. More and more studies have proved that gut microbiota may play a role in the process of HF, which is expected to become a new therapeutic target. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has vast therapeutic potential of complementation against HF. PURPOSE: This manuscript expounds on the research progress of mechanisms of gut microbiota participating in the occurrence and prognosis of HF and the role of integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine from 1987 to 2022. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the prevention and treatment of HF from the perspective of gut microbiota has been discussed. METHODS: Studies focusing on the effects and their mechanisms of gut microbiota in HF and the role of integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine were identified and summarized, including contributions from February 1987 until August 2022. The investigation was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases up to April 2023 by using the relevant keywords and operators. RESULTS: A total of 34 articles were finally included in this review.16 RCTs and 13 basic researches, and 3 clinical research studies involving 7 relevant outcome indicators(cardiac function evaluation index, changes in gut microbiota, inflammatory factors, metabolites of gut microbiota, serum nutritional index protein, quality of life score, intestinal permeability and all-cause mortality). Compared with healthy controls, serum TNF-α and TMAO levels were significantly higher in patients with heart failure [MD = 5.77, 95%CI(4.97, 6.56), p < 0.0001; SMD = 1.92, 95%CI(1.70, 2.14), p < 0.0001]. Escherichia coli and Thick-walled bacteria increased significantly [SMD = -0.99, 95%CI(-1.38, -0.61), p < 0.0001, SMD = 2.58, 95%CI(2.23, 2.93), p < 0.0001];The number of bacteroides and lactobacillus decreased [SMD = -2.29, 95%CI(-2.54, -2.04), p < 0.0001; SMD = -1.55, 95%CI(-1.8, -1.3), p < 0.0001]. There was no difference in bifidobacterium [SMD = 0.16, 95%CI(-0.22, 0.54), p = 0.42]. In the published literature, it is not difficult to see that most of the results are studied and proved based on animal experiments or clinical trials, involving the cellular level, while the mechanism and mode of action of the molecular biology of traditional Chinese medicine are less elaborated, which is related to the characteristics of multi-components and multi-targets of traditional Chinese medicine. The above are the shortcomings of published literature, which can also be the direction of future research. CONCLUSION: Heart failure patients have decreased beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus mimics and Lactobacillus in the intestinal flora and increased harmful flora like thick-walled flora. And increase the inflammatory response of the body and the expression of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in the serum. And The prevention and treatment of integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine against heart failure based on gut microbiota and its metabolites is a promising research direction.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/prevención & control , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Rhizosphere microbiota play an important role in regulating soil physical and chemical properties and improving crop production performance. This study analyzed the relationship between the diversity of rhizosphere microbiota and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco at different transplant times (D30 group, D60 group and D90 group) and in different regions [Linxiang Boshang (BS) and Linxiang ZhangDuo (ZD)] by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that there were significant differences in the physicochemical properties and rhizosphere microbiota of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil at different transplanting times, and that the relative abundance of Bacillus in the rhizosphere microbiota of the D60 group was significantly increased. RDA and Pearson correlation analysis showed that Bacillus, Streptomyces and Sphingomonas were significantly correlated with soil physical and chemical properties. PIGRUSt2 function prediction results showed that compared with the D30 group, the D60 group had significantly increased metabolic pathways such as the superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage, allantoin degradation to glyoxylate III and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III metabolic pathways. The D90 group had significantly increased metabolic pathways such as ubiquitol-8 biosynthesis (prokaryotic), ubiquitol-7 biosynthesis (prokaryotic) and ubiquitol-10 biosynthesis (prokaryotic) compared with the D60 group. In addition, the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in the BS region were significantly higher than those in the ZD region, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacillus in the rhizosphere microbiota of flue-cured tobacco in the BS region at the D60 transplant stage was significantly higher than that in the ZD region. In addition, the results of the hierarchical sample metabolic pathway abundance map showed that the PWY-6572 metabolic pathway was mainly realized by Paenibacillus, and that the relative abundance of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere microbiota (Paenibacillus) participating in PWY-6572 in the D60 transplant period in the BS region was significantly higher than that in the ZD region. In conclusion, different transplanting periods of flue-cured tobacco have important effects on soil physical and chemical properties and rhizosphere microbial communities. There were significant differences in the rhizosphere microbiota and function of flue-cured tobacco in different regions, which may affect the performance and quality of this type of tobacco.
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Environmental sustainability is an important strategy for firms to expand market reach and space in pursuit of profitable growth. In the context of internationalization, environment information disclosure (EID) is considered an environmental signal released by a firm to external stakeholders. Using a sample of Chinese construction firms listed in the global Engineering News-Record (ENR), two periods, from 2008 to 2014 and 2015 to 2019, were set up from the perspective of the EID guideline changes. The regression results illustrate a negative relationship between EID and financial performance in the first period. The moderating effect of internationalization on the relationship between EID and financial performance changes from negative to positive over time. Quantile regressions further reveal how EID and internationalization affect firms at different levels of financial performance. This study proposed a periodic contingency perspective to reconcile the changes in the influence of EID on financial performance within the context of internationalization.
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Revelación , China , Política Ambiental , Monitoreo del AmbienteRESUMEN
Nature-based efforts could further climate mitigation and help limit warming to 1.5°C, given that proper and immediate solutions are implemented with similar ambition as in energy and industry sectors; however, omission of natural solutions or delays in overall climate action would substantially undermine the climate target of Paris Agreement.
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Cambio Climático , Clima , Calentamiento GlobalRESUMEN
Root-knot nematode disease is a widespread and catastrophic disease of tobacco. However, little is known about the relationship between rhizosphere bacterial community and root-knot nematode disease. This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt to assess bacterial community structure and function changes in rhizosphere soil from Meloidogyne incognita-infected tobacco plants. We studied the rhizosphere bacterial community structure of M. incognita-infected and uninfected tobacco plants through a paired comparison design in two regions of tobacco planting area, Yuxi and Jiuxiang of Yunnan Province, southwest China. According to the findings, M. incognita infection can alter the bacterial population in the soil. Uninfested soil has more operational taxonomic unit numbers and richness than infested soil. Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed clear separations between bacterial communities from infested and uninfested soil, indicating that different infection conditions resulted in significantly different bacterial community structures in soils. Firmicutes was prevalent in infested soil, but Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were prevalent in uninfested soil. Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Bradyrhizobium were the dominant bacteria genera, and their abundance were higher in infested soil. By PICRUSt analysis, some metabolism-related functions and signal transduction functions of the rhizosphere bacterial community in the M. incognita infection-tobacco plants had a higher relative abundance than those uninfected. As a result, rhizosphere soils from tobacco plants infected with M. incognita showed considerable bacterial community structure and function alterations.
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Purpose: In the field of construction, it has been shown that individuals with higher emotional intelligence may perform better on the job. However, it is still a question worth exploring about how emotional intelligence affects expatriate performance in international construction projects. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the relationship between expatriates' emotional intelligence and expatriate performance and explore the mediating role of self-efficacy and psychological resilience. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2021. A non-probability sampling method was used to obtain data. A total of 315 Chinese construction expatriates in 67 countries and regions around the world were evaluated using four scales: the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, and the Kraimer's expatriate's performance scale. The hypothesis model was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that self-efficacy (ßIndirect effect = 0.175, p<0.05) and psychological resilience (ßIndirect effect = 0.112, p<0.05) served as fully mediating variables (ß Direct effect = 0.177, p=0.101), suggesting a way to explain how emotional intelligence affect the performance of contractor expatriates. The findings also suggest that self-efficacy and psychological resilience also play continuous and multiple mediating roles (ßIndirect effect = 0.143, p<0.05) between emotional intelligence and expatriate performance. Conclusion: This study attempted to investigate the mechanism of emotional intelligence's influence on expatriate performance from the perspective of individual psychological resources. The results of the study suggest that the emotional intelligence of expatriates may bring about an increase in performance levels by improving self-efficacy and psychological resilience levels. This provides a practical way to improve the performance of expatriates and a new management perspective for human resource management in international construction projects.
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Root-knot nematode disease is a catastrophic soil-borne disease in tobacco production. The regulation of natural microbial communities is considered a good disease management approach to suppress the incidence of soilborne diseases. In this study, the effects of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)-marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) rotation on the diversity and structure of soil microbial communities in continuously cropped tobacco fields were analyzed to manage this devastating pathogen. The results showed that the soil bacterial OTUs increased after marigold rotation and that the bacterial Shannon, ACE, Chao1 index, and fungal Shannon index were higher in the tobacco-marigold rotation fields than in the continuously cropped tobacco fields by 3.98%, 10.37%, 5.46%, and 3.43%, respectively. After marigold rotation, the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Ascomycota increased by 28.62%, 107.50%, and 57.44%, respectively, and the proportion of beneficial bacterial genera such as Nocardioides, Gemmatimonas, and Bradyrhizobium increased. In addition, our results also showed that rotation of marigold could effectively reduce the incidence of root-knot nematodes in the next crop of tobacco. These results indicate that marigold rotation had a positive effect on the soil microecological environment of continuously cropped tobacco fields, reducing the obstacles to continuous cropping of tobacco.
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Microbiota , Tagetes , Suelo/química , Nicotiana/microbiología , Microbiología del Suelo , Biodiversidad , Bacterias/genéticaRESUMEN
The construction industry is a pillar industry of China and occupies an essential position in our economic development. However, in the fast-developing construction industry, the number of its safety accidents is also growing year by year. Safety accidents are often due to unsafe behaviors of construction workers, and unsafe precarious psychological states are important factors for unsafe behaviors. Therefore, this paper, based on a review of existing literature, uses the SEIR model and numerical simulation method to study the spread of unsafe psychological states among construction workers considering safety climate and intimate relationships. It puts forward corresponding countermeasures, which has great practical significance for reducing safety accidents in the construction industry. The results show that: (1) A good safety climate can help alleviate the spread of unsafe psychological states of construction workers. (2) The intimate relationship between construction workers will promote the association between communicable people and susceptible people, which will lead to the spread of an unsafe psychological state. (3) A larger network average degree will increase the spread speed and the density of communicable people, but will not increase the spread range.(4) Forgetting rate has a key role in the propagation of unsafe psychological states. Suggestions are made to hinder the propagation of these states, which will help to reduce the unsafe behavior of construction workers and the accident rate in the construction industry.
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Industria de la Construcción , Salud Laboral , Humanos , Cultura Organizacional , ChinaRESUMEN
Organic fertilizer is effective in improving soil quality, and promoting crop growth. Combined organic and inorganic fertilization has been proved as a more favorable way to tobacco yield and quality. However, the mechanisms underlying tobacco yield and quality under combinations of different organic and inorganic fertilizer remain unclear. We conducted a 12-year tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)-maize crop rotation field experiment in Yanhe experimental station, China to examine the yields and qualities of tobacco, soil nutrients, and extracellular enzyme activities associated with carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in response to different fertilization treatments. Five fertilization treatments (no fertilization; 75 kg N fertilizer ha-1; 450 kg oil cake ha-1 + 75 kg N fertilizer ha-1; 15,000 kg pig dung ha-1 + 60 kg N fertilizer ha-1; 3,000 kg straw ha-1 + 75 kg N fertilizer ha-1) were applied to tobacco while maize was fertilized with inorganic compound fertilizers. After 12 years of tobacco-maize rotation, the results showed that organic fertilizer additions elevate tobacco yield and quality, and the soil extracellular enzymes activities. Gram-negative bacteria, actinomycetes, and total soil microbial biomass were increased by organic fertilizer additions, both plant-based (oil cake and straw) and animal-based (pig dung) organics. The levels of soil organic matter, total organic carbon, total phosphorus and available phosphorus are higher in pig dung addition treatment than oil cake and straw additions. By variance analysis with respect to fertilization treatments, organic sources differentially affected the activities of diverse soil enzymes. The redundancy analysis gave that yield and quality of tobacco leaves (upper, middle, and lower leaves) positively related to soil extracellular enzyme activities. Based on analysis of yield and quality of tobacco leaves with extracellular enzyme activities and soil nutrients, it is suggested animal-based organic fertilizer, thus pig dung, should be used in combining with chemical fertilizers to improve the quality of tobacco and soil nutrients.
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The construction industry is labor-intensive, and employees' mental health has a significant impact on occupational health and job performance. In particular, expatriates in international projects under the normalization of the epidemic are under greater pressure than domestic project employees. This paper aims to explore the association of stressors and mental health in international constructions during COVID-19. Furthermore, test the mediation effect of psychological resilience and moderating effort of international experience in this relationship. A survey of 3,091 expatriates in international construction projects was conducted. A moderating mediation model was employed to test the effect of psychological resilience and international experience. Then, statistical analysis with a bootstrap sample was used to test the mediation effect of the model, and a simple slope was used to test the moderating effect. Moderated by experience, the slope of the effect of stressors on psychological resilience changed from -1.851 to -1.323. And the slope of the effect of psychological resilience on mental health outcomes reduced by about 0.1. This suggests that experience is one of the buffering factors for individual psychological resilience of expatriates to regulate stress. Theoretically, this study verifies the mediation effect of psychological resilience between COVID-19 related stressors and mental health outcomes and importance of an expatriate's experience in an international assignment. Practically, this study provides guidelines for international construction enterprises and managers to make an assistant plan for expatriates during this pandemic time and pay more attention to their psychological status. The research also suggests that the best choice for challenging assignments is choosing a more experienced employee.