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BACKGROUND: Anemia is common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing significant health issues and social burdens. Exposure to household air pollution from using biomass fuels for cooking and heating has been associated with anemia, but the exposure-response association has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the associations between personal exposure to air pollution and both hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence among pregnant women in a multi-country randomized controlled trial. METHODS: We studied 3,163 pregnant women aged 18-35 years with 9-20 weeks of gestation, recruited as part of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. We assessed 24-hour personal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO), and measured hemoglobin levels at baseline (15 ± 3 weeks gestation). Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of measured pollutants with hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence, adjusting for confounding. RESULTS: Single-pollutant models showed associations of CO with higher hemoglobin levels and lower anemia prevalence. Bipollutant models involving CO and PM2.5 also revealed that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in CO concentrations (2.26 ppm) was associated with higher hemoglobin levels [ß = 0.04; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.07], and a lower odds of anemia prevalence [odds ratios (OR) = 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.83, 0.98]. PM2.5 was inversely related to hemoglobin and positively associated with anemia, but results were not statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level. County-specific results showed that 3 of 4 countries showed a similar association between CO and hemoglobin. We found no association of BC levels with hemoglobin levels or with anemia prevalence. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that exposure to CO is associated with higher hemoglobin and lower anemia prevalence among pregnant women, whereas PM2.5 showed the opposite associations.
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Contaminación del Aire Interior , Anemia , Monóxido de Carbono , Hemoglobinas , Material Particulado , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Contaminación del Aire Interior/estadística & datos numéricos , Contaminación del Aire Interior/análisis , Contaminación del Aire Interior/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anemia/epidemiología , Anemia/sangre , Anemia/inducido químicamente , Adulto Joven , Material Particulado/análisis , India/epidemiología , Adolescente , Monóxido de Carbono/análisis , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Guatemala/epidemiología , Perú/epidemiología , Rwanda/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Culinaria , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Two templated borates, [Co(1-EI)2]·[B5O7(OH)3] (1) and [Ga(1-MI)2·B6O9(OH)4]·[H3BO3]·H[1-MI] (2), have been synthesized using a mild method. Notably, they exhibit an excellent ORR performance with an E1/2 value of 0.84 V and are the first to be used as the positive electrode catalyst for a zinc-air battery, which opens a pathway for the application of borate-based oxide catalysts.
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BACKGROUND: Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have been shown to impair thyroid function in experimental models. However, epidemiological evidence is scarce. METHODS: This study included 1190 women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort from December 2018 to August 2021. Serum thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured as indicators of thyroid function. FT4/FT3 and TSH/FT4 ratios were calculated as markers of thyroid hormone homeostasis. Dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), the two most abundant HAAs, in urine were detected to assess individual DBP exposures. RESULTS: After adjusting for relevant covariates, positive associations were observed between urinary TCAA concentrations and serum TSH and TSH/FT4 levels (e.g., percent change = 5.82 %, 95 % CI: 0.70 %, 11.21 % for TSH), whereas inverse associations were found for serum FT3 and FT4 (e.g., percent change = -1.29 %, 95 % CI: -2.49 %, -0.07 % for FT3). There also was a negative association between urinary DCAA concentration and serum FT4/FT3 (percent change = -2.49 %, 95 % CI: -4.71 %, -0.23 %). These associations were further confirmed in the restricted cubic spline and generalized additive models with linear or U-shaped dose-response relationships. CONCLUSION: Urinary HAAs were associated with altered thyroid hormone homeostasis among women undergoing ART treatment.
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Glándula Tiroides , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Tiroxina/sangre , Triyodotironina/sangre , Tirotropina/sangre , Hormonas Tiroideas/sangre , Pruebas de Función de la Tiroides , Desinfectantes , Acetatos , ChinaRESUMEN
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a highly effective treatment for infertility; however, it poses challenges for women with decreased ovarian reserve (DOR). Despite the importance of understanding the impact of DOR on IVF outcomes, limited research has explored this relationship, particularly using omics approaches. Hence, we conducted a study to investigate the association between DOR and IVF outcomes, employing a metabolomic approach. We analyzed serum samples from 207 women undergoing IVF treatment, including 89 with DOR and 118 with normal ovarian reserve (NOR). Our findings revealed that DOR was significantly associated with unfavorable IVF outcomes, characterized by a reduced oocyte count, lower embryo quality, and decreased rates of pregnancy and live births. Furthermore, we identified 82 metabolites that displayed significant alterations in DOR patients, impacting diverse metabolic pathways. Notably, a distinct panel of metabolites, including palmitic acid, stearic acid, LysoPC(9:0(CHO)/0:0), PC(18:0/9:0(CHO)), and PC(16:0/9:0(CHO)), exhibited discriminatory power between the DOR and NOR groups, showcasing a strong correlation with IVF outcomes. These findings emphasize the crucial role of metabolomic disruptions in influencing IVF outcomes among women with DOR.
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Importance: Numerous studies have documented the association of self-rated health (SRH) with chronic diseases. However, few studies have investigated its association with semen quality. Objective: To examine the association of SRH with semen quality among men undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) in China. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study recruited male partners in couples undergoing ART treatment at the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. A total of 1262 men underwent 2 semen examinations and completed a questionnaire on SRH between December 2018 and January 2020. Data analysis was performed from November 20, 2022, to March 24, 2023. Exposure: SRH, including overall physical and mental health, as well as reproductive-related physical and mental health specifically, were reported at baseline recruitment. Main Outcomes and Measures: Sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility, sperm motility, and sperm count as semen quality parameters. Results: The study included 1262 men with a mean (SD) age of 32.79 (5.25) years and body mass index of 24.37 (3.68). Men with poorer SRH had lower semen quality (eg, sperm concentration among poor vs very good overall physical health: percentage variation, -14.67%; 95% CI, -23.62% to -4.66%). Among 4 components of SRH, a greater reduction in semen quality was estimated for reproductive-related SRH compared with overall SRH, whereas the greatest reduction was observed for reproductive-related physical SRH. In comparison with men with very good reproductive-related physical SRH, men with poor reproductive-related physical SRH had differences of -24.78% (95% CI, -32.71% to -15.93%) and -25.61% (95% CI, -33.95% to -16.22%) in sperm count and concentration, respectively, and regression coefficients of -9.38 (95% CI, -12.01 to -6.76) and -9.24 (95% CI, -11.82 to -6.66) for sperm motility and sperm progressive motility, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study of Chinese men, poorer SRH was associated with lower semen quality, and reproductive-related physical SRH was the most pronounced indicator. Our findings suggest that SRH, especially reproductive-related physical SRH, was a good indicator of semen quality, which should inform public and clinical regulatory decisions.
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Análisis de Semen , Motilidad Espermática , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Semen , Técnicas Reproductivas AsistidasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Experimental studies have shown that disinfection byproducts (DBPs) including haloacetic acids (HAAs) can cause liver toxicity, but evidence linking this association in humans is sparse. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the associations between HAA exposures and liver injury. METHODS: We included 922 women between December 2018 and January 2020 from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort study in Wuhan, China. Urinary HAA concentrations including trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and serum indicators of liver function, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured. Liver injury was defined as if any of serum indicator levels were above the 90th percentile. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were fitted to assess the associations of urinary HAA concentrations with the risk of liver injury and liver function indicators. Stratified analyses by age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, and passive smoking were also applied to evaluate the potential effect modifiers. RESULTS: There is little evidence of associations of urinary TCAA concentrations with liver injury risk and liver function indicators. However, urinary DCAA concentrations were associated with a higher risk of liver injury [odds ratios (OR) for 1-interquartile range (IQR) increase in natural log (ln) transformed DCAA concentrations: 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.98]. This association was observed only among nondrinkers (pinteraction=0.058). We also found that a 1-IQR increase in ln-transformed DCAA concentrations was positively associated with ALT levels (percentage change=6.06%; 95% CI: 0.48%, 11.95%) and negatively associated with AST/ALT (percentage change=-4.48%; 95% CI: -7.80%, -1.04%). In addition, urinary DCAA concentrations in relation to higher GGT levels was observed only among passive smokers (pinteraction=0.040). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that exposure to DCAA but not TCAA is associated with liver injury among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13386.
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Ácido Dicloroacético , Hígado , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios de Cohortes , Índice de Masa Corporal , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols have been shown to be linked with adverse birth outcomes. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered a potential mechanism. The objective of this study was to explore the individual and mixtures of prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols in associations with OS biomarkers. We measured eight phthalate metabolites and three bisphenols in the urine samples from 105 pregnant women in Wuhan, China. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA) were determined as OS biomarkers. The OS biomarkers in associations with the individual chemicals were estimated by linear regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, and their associations with the chemical mixtures were explored by quantile g-computation (qg-comp) models. In single-pollutant analyses, five phthalate metabolites including monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) were positively associated with urinary 8-OHdG levels (all FDR-adjusted P = 0.06). These associations were further confirmed by the RCS models and were linear (P for overall association ≤ 0.05 and P for non-linear association > 0.05). In mixture analyses, qg-comp models showed that a one-quartile increase in the chemical mixtures of phthalate metabolites and bisphenols was positively associated with urinary levels of 8-OHdG and 8-isoPGF2α, and bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF) were the most contributing chemicals, respectively. Prenatal exposures to individual phthalates and mixtures of phthalates and bisphenols were associated with higher OS levels.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Dietilhexil Ftalato/análogos & derivados , Contaminantes Ambientales , Fenoles , Ácidos Ftálicos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Contaminantes Ambientales/análisis , Ácidos Ftálicos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Estrés Oxidativo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) as ovarian toxicants have been documented in toxicological studies. However, no human studies have explored the effects of exposure to DBPs on diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). OBJECTIVE: To assess whether urinary biomarkers of exposure to drinking-water DBPs were associated with DOR risk. METHODS: A total of 311 women undergoing assisted reproductive technology were diagnosed with DOR in the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort from December 2018 to August 2021. The cases were matched to the controls with normal ovarian reserve function by age in a ratio of 1:1. Urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) were quantified as biomarkers of drinking-water DBP exposures. The conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore urinary biomarkers of drinking-water DBP exposures in associations with the risk of DOR. RESULTS: Elevated urinary DCAA levels were associated with higher DOR risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.87; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 3.03 for the highest vs. lowest quartiles; P for trend = 0.016]. The association was confirmed in the RCS model, with a linear dose-response curve (P for overall association = 0.029 and P for non-linear association = 0.708). The subgroup analysis by age and body mass index (BMI) showed that urinary DCAA in association with DOR risk was observed among women ≥35 years old and leaner women (BMI < 24 kg/m2), but the group differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, a U-shaped dose-response curve between urinary TCAA and DOR risk was estimated in the RCS model (P for overall association = 0.011 and P for non-linear association = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to drinking-water DBPs may contribute to the risk of DOR among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
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Agua Potable , Reserva Ovárica , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Desinfección , Agua Potable/análisis , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Biomarcadores/orina , Ácido Tricloroacético/análisis , Ácido Dicloroacético/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Experimental studies have shown that disinfection byproducts (DBPs) induce coagulotoxicity, but human evidence is scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the relationships of DBP exposures with blood coagulation parameters. METHODS: Among 858 women from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) study, urinary dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) were detected as internal biomarkers of DBP exposures. We measured activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fbg), international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) as blood coagulation parameters. Multivariable linear regression models were utilized to estimate the relationships between urinary DCAA and TCAA and blood coagulation parameters. The effect modifications by demographic and lifestyle characteristics were further explored. RESULTS: Elevated tertiles of urinary DCAA concentrations were associated with increased PT and INR (11.29%, 95% CI: 1.66%, 20.92% and 0.99%, 95% CI: 0.08%, 1.90% for the third vs. first tertile, respectively; both P for trends < 0.05). Stratification analysis showed that the positive associations were only observed among younger (< 30 years), leaner (body mass index < 24.0 kg/m2), and non-passive smoking women. Moreover, elevated tertiles of urinary TCAA concentrations in positive associations with PT and INR were observed among younger women (17.89%, 95% CI: 2.50%, 33.29% and 1.82%, 95% CI: 0.34%, 3.30% for the third vs. first tertile, respectively; both P for trends < 0.05) but not among older women (both P for interactions < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Higher levels of urinary DCAA and TCAA are associated with prolonged clotting time among women.
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Desinfección , Reproducción , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Desinfección/métodos , Coagulación Sanguínea , Ácido Tricloroacético/orina , Biomarcadores/orina , Ácido Dicloroacético/orinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Disinfection byproducts (DBPs), the ubiquitous contaminants in drinking water, have been shown to impair renal function in experimental studies. However, epidemiological evidence is sparse. OBJECTIVE: To investigate exposures to DBPs in associations with renal function among women. METHODS: A total of 920 women from December 2018 to January 2020 were abstracted from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) Study, an ongoing cohort study in Wuhan, China. Urine samples were gathered at baseline recruitment and analyzed for dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) as biomarkers of DBP exposures. Serum uric acid (UA), creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured as indicators of renal function. Multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were conducted to assess urinary DCAA and TCAA concentrations in associations with renal function indicators. Stratified analyses by age and body mass index (BMI) were also performed. RESULTS: We found null evidence of urinary TCAA in associations with renal function indicators. However, elevated urinary DCAA tertiles were related to decreased eGFR (ß = -1.78%, 95% CI: 3.21%, -0.36%, comparing the upper vs. lower tertile; P for trend = 0.01). This inverse association still existed when urinary DCAA concentration was treated as a continuous variable, and the dose-response relationship was linear based on the RCS model (P for overall association = 0.002 and P for non-linear associations = 0.44). In the stratified analyses, we found an association of urinary DCAA concentration with decreased UA level among women <30 years but an association with increased UA level among women ≥30 years (P for interaction = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Urinary DCAA but not TCAA was associated with impaired renal function among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
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Desinfección , Agua Potable , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios de Cohortes , Ácido Úrico , Ácido Tricloroacético/orina , China/epidemiología , Ácido Dicloroacético/orina , RiñónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Phthalates have been reported to impair fertility in various studies. However, evidence exploring the associations between phthalate metabolites in follicular fluid (FF) and reproductive outcomes is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between phthalate metabolite concentrations in FF and in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes among women recruited from a fertility clinic. METHODS: We included 641 women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment from December 2018 to January 2020. The levels of eight phthalate metabolites, including monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), were quantified in FF collected on the oocyte retrieval day. Associations between quartiles of individual phthalate metabolite concentrations and nine IVF/ICSI outcomes, including oocyte yield, mature oocyte number, two distinct pronuclei (2PN) zygote number, fertilization rate, blastocyst formation rate, implantation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth, were estimated with generalized linear models. The effects of phthalate mixtures on IVF/ICSI outcomes were assessed using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. RESULTS: After adjusting for relevant confounders, elevated quartiles of MBzP, MEHHP, and MEHP in FF were inversely associated with the numbers of retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, and 2PN zygotes (all p for trends <0.10). In comparison with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of molar sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP) was associated with a reduction of 9.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): -17.1%, -0.37%] and 10.3% (95% CI: -18.8%, -0.94%) in yielded oocyte and mature oocyte numbers, respectively. Furthermore, the BKMR models revealed inverse associations between phthalate mixtures and the numbers of retrieved oocytes and mature oocytes. We generally found null results for implantation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. DISCUSSION: Certain phthalate metabolites in FF are inversely associated with the numbers of retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, and 2PN zygotes among women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11998.
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Aborto Espontáneo , Contaminantes Ambientales , Ácidos Ftálicos , Embarazo , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas , Líquido Folicular/metabolismo , Teorema de Bayes , Semen/metabolismo , Fertilización In Vitro , Ácidos Ftálicos/metabolismo , Exposición a Riesgos AmbientalesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Experimental studies show that disinfection byproducts (DBPs) can inhibit oocyte maturation, decrease fertilization capacity, and impair embryo development, but human evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the associations between exposure to drinking water DBPs and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. METHODS: The study included 1,048 women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment between December 2018 and January 2020 from a prospective cohort study, the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental study in Wuhan, China. Exposure to DBPs was assessed by dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) in up to four urine samples, which were collected on the day of both enrollment and oocyte retrieval. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models, accounting for multiple IVF cycles per woman, were applied to evaluate the associations between urinary biomarkers of DBP exposures and IVF outcomes. Stratified analyses were used to explore the potential effect modifiers. RESULTS: The included 1,048 women underwent 1,136 IVF cycles, with 960 (91.6%), 84 (8.0%), and 4 (0.4%) women contributing one cycle, two cycles, and three cycles, respectively. We found that elevated quartiles of urinary DCAA and TCAA concentrations were associated with reduced numbers of total oocytes and metaphase II oocytes and that urinary DCAA concentrations with a lower proportion of best-quality embryos (all p for trends<0.05). Moreover, elevated quartiles of urinary DCAA concentrations were associated with decreased proportions of successful implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth (14%, 15%, and 15% decreases in adjusted means comparing the extreme quartiles, respectively; all p for trends<0.05). Stratification analyses showed that the inverse associations of urinary TCAA concentrations with multiple IVF outcomes were stronger among women ≥30 y of age (p for interactions<0.05). DISCUSSION: Exposure to drinking water DBPs was inversely associated with some IVF outcomes among women undergoing ART treatment. Further study is necessary to confirm our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12447.
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Desinfección , Agua Potable , Embarazo , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Fertilización In Vitro , China , Ácido DicloroacéticoRESUMEN
Phthalates are widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals that adversely affect female reproductive health. We aimed to investigate the individual and joint associations of phthalate exposures measured by repeated urinary metabolites with polycystic ovary (PCO) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (96 PCO cases, 96 PCOS cases and 370 controls). In single-pollutant analyses, mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and the sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) were associated with increased prevalence of PCO. Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), MBzP and ∑DEHP were associated with elevated prevalence of PCOS. In multiple-pollutant analyses, one-quartile increase of weighted quantile sum index in phthalate metabolite mixtures was associated with increased prevalence of PCO and PCOS, and MBzP was the most major contributor. Our findings suggest a potential role for phthalate exposures, both individually and in mixtures, in the development of PCO and PCOS.
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Contaminantes Ambientales , Ácidos Ftálicos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/inducido químicamente , Ácidos Ftálicos/toxicidad , Ácidos Ftálicos/orina , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidad , Contaminantes Ambientales/orina , Exposición a Riesgos AmbientalesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies on phthalate exposures in associations with uterine fibroids (UF) and endometriosis (EMT) are inconsistent. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationships of urinary phthalate metabolites with UF and EMT risks, and further to examine the mediating role of oxidative stress. METHODS: This study included 83 and 47 women separately diagnosed with UF and EMT, as well as 226 controls from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort. Two spot urine samples from each woman were analyzed for two oxidative stress indicators and eight urinary phthalate metabolites. Unconditional logistic regression models or multivariate regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations among phthalate exposures, oxidative stress indicators, and the risks of UF and EMT. The potential mediating role of oxidative stress was estimated by the mediation analyses. RESULTS: We observed that each ln-unit increase in urinary mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations was associated with increased UF risk [adjusted OR (aOR): 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.02], and that each ln-unit increase in urinary MBzP (aOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.99), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) (aOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.82), and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.31) concentrations were associated with increased EMT risk (all FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that all tested urinary phthalate metabolites were positively associated with two oxidative stress indicators [4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (4-HNE-MA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], in which 8-OHdG was associated with increased risks of UF and EMT (all FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). The mediation analyses showed that 8-OHdG mediated the positive relationships of MBzP with UF risk, and of MiBP, MBzP, and MEHP with EMT risk, with the estimated intermediary proportion ranging from 32.7% to 48.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidatively generated DNA damage may mediate the positive associations of certain phthalate exposures with the risks of UF and EMT. However, further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Endometriosis , Contaminantes Ambientales , Leiomioma , Ácidos Ftálicos , Humanos , Femenino , Ácidos Ftálicos/toxicidad , Ácidos Ftálicos/orina , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Leiomioma/inducido químicamente , Leiomioma/genética , Daño del ADN , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Contaminantes Ambientales/toxicidadRESUMEN
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are a class of ubiquitous chemicals in drinking water and inevitably result in widespread human exposures. Potentially adverse health effects of DBP exposures, including reproductive and developmental outcomes, have been increasing public concerns. Several reviews have focused on the adverse pregnancy outcomes of DBPs. This review summarized current evidence on male reproduction health upon exposure to DBPs from toxicological and epidemiological literature. Based on existing experimental studies, there are sufficient evidence showing that haloacetic acids (HAAs) are male reproductive toxicants, including reduced epididymal weight, decreased semen parameters and sperm protein 22, and declined testosterone levels. However, epidemiological evidence remains insufficient to support a link of DBP exposures with adverse male reproductive outcomes, despite that blood and urinary DBP biomarkers are associated with decreased semen quality. Eight potential mechanisms, including germ/somatic cell dysfunction, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inflammation, endocrine hormones, folate metabolism, epigenetic alterations, and gut microbiota, are likely involved in male reproductive toxicity of DBPs. We also identified knowledge gaps in toxicological and epidemiological studies to enhance future needs.
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Desinfectantes , Agua Potable , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del Agua , Embarazo , Femenino , Masculino , Humanos , Desinfección , Análisis de Semen , Salud Reproductiva , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Semen/química , Agua Potable/análisis , Desinfectantes/toxicidadRESUMEN
Four new transition metal borates, [Co(1-MI)2]·B5O7(OH)3 (1, 1-MI = 1-methylimidazole), Co2(PZ)8(SO4)2·2H3BO3 (2, PZ = pyrazole), K7{(BO3)Co[B12O18(OH)6]}·H2O (3) and K2{[Ni(PY)2]2·[(C4H2O6)2B]}2 (4, PY = pyridine), have been successfully synthesized by a mild method. Their structures were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. These compounds were further characterized by FTIR, PXRD and UV-vis-NIR. It is worth noting that the catalytic properties of catalysts based on these four borates were explored, and that organically templated borate 1- and 2-based catalysts showed better ORR catalytic performance compared to 3- and 4-based catalysts. This may be caused by the supramolecular skeletons of 1 and 2 providing sufficient space and porosity.
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Epidemiological studies have suggested that phthalate exposures are associated with increased risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodule, while the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we explored the mediation effects of oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in the associations between phthalate exposures and the risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodule. Urine samples collected from 143 thyroid cancer, 136 nodule patients, and 141 healthy controls were analyzed for 8 phthalate metabolites and 3 OS biomarkers [8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α)]. Multivariable linear or logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of OS biomarkers with phthalate metabolite concentrations and the risks of thyroid cancer and nodule. The mediation role of OS biomarkers was also investigated. Urinary monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monomethyl phthalate (MMP), mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) were positively associated with at least 2 OS biomarkers (all P-values<0.01), and part of these positive associations varied in different subgroups. All 3 OS biomarkers were positively associated with the risks of thyroid nodule and cancer (P-values<0.001). The mediation analysis showed that OS biomarkers significantly mediated the associations between urinary MEHOP concentration and nodule, as well as between urinary MMP, MEHP, and MEHHP concentrations and cancer and nodule, with the estimated proportions of mediation ranging from 15.8% to 85.6%. Our results suggest that OS is a potential mediating mechanism through which phthalate exposures induce thyroid carcinogenesis and nodular formation.
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Contaminantes Ambientales , Ácidos Ftálicos , Nódulo Tiroideo , Humanos , Nódulo Tiroideo/inducido químicamente , Nódulo Tiroideo/epidemiología , Ácidos Ftálicos/metabolismo , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina/análisis , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Contaminantes Ambientales/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Targeted nanoparticles' preparation can enhance local drug concentration and reduce the side effects of drugs in non-targeted organs. At present, many patents have been applied for in the field of bone-targeted nanoparticles' preparations. They play an important role in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases. In this experiment, nanoparticles with bone targeting function were prepared by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer and tetracycline. These nanoparticles contain active ingredients in the Huangqi Sanxian decoction, a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compound formula. These nanoparticles are predicted to be useful in the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: Synthesis of tetracycline targeting groups was performed by acylation reaction, and PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by the Emulsification-solvent Evaporation Method. The appearance and particle size of the product were evaluated, and the effects of nanoparticles on the physiological activities of osteoblasts were observed. Finally, the bone-targeting ability of targeted nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro was investigated. RESULTS: The average particle size of the nanoparticles was about 200 nm, and the average drug entrapment was 60%. In vitro evaluation of osteoblasts assay showed that the nanoparticles can be well taken by cells. Their good biocompatibility and sustained-release properties reduce the toxic side effects of drugs when they promote osteoblasts' physiological activities. The results of the in vitro and in vivo bone targeting ability assays showed that tetracycline modified nanoparticles could effectively accumulate in the bone, indicating the great bone-targeting ability of the nanoparticles. The use of PLGA to load active components in the TCM compound formulas and remodel targeting groups is expected to improve drug efficacy, reduce drug dosage, and effects on non- action sites. This may provide new ideas for the development of TCM compound dosage forms. CONCLUSION: In summary, we prepared PLGA nanoparticles of multiple TCM ingredients with bone targeting ability, and they had good morphological appearance, and a promoting effect on various physiological activities of osteoblasts.
RESUMEN
Maternal exposure to regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) during pregnancy has been linked with adverse birth outcomes. However, no human studies have focused on drinking water nitrosamines, a group of emerging unregulated nitrogenous DBPs that exhibits genotoxicity and developmental toxicity in experimental studies. This cohort study included 2457 mother-infant pairs from a single drinking water supply system in central China, and maternal trimester-specific and entire pregnancy exposure of drinking water nitrosamines were evaluated. Multivariable linear and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the associations between maternal exposure to nitrosamines in drinking water and birth outcomes [birth weight (BW), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm delivery (PTD)]. Elevated maternal N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) exposure in the second trimester and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) exposure during the entire pregnancy were associated with decreased BW (e.g., ß = -88.6 g; 95% CI: -151.0, -26.1 for the highest vs. lowest tertile of NDMA; p for trend = 0.01) and increased risks of PTD [e.g., risk ratio (RR) = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.79 for the highest vs. lowest tertile of NDMA; p for trend = 0.002]. Elevated maternal exposure of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in the second trimester was associated with increased risk of SGA (RR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.98 for the highest vs. lowest tertile; p for trend = 0.01). Our study detected associations of maternal exposure to drinking water nitrosamines during pregnancy with decreased BW and increased risks of SGA and PTD. These findings are novel but require replication in other study populations.
Asunto(s)
Agua Potable , Nitrosaminas , Nacimiento Prematuro , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Peso al Nacer , Estudios de Cohortes , Dimetilnitrosamina/análisis , Agua Potable/análisis , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Nitrosaminas/análisis , ChinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been shown to disrupt thyroid function in toxicological studies, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. Furthermore, little is known on potential effects of mixtures of PAHs. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the associations of exposure to PAHs as individual chemicals and mixtures with thyroid hormones. METHODS: We included 378 men from a Reproductive Medicine Center in Wuhan, China. Ten monohydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) metabolites in repeated urine specimens collected at two-time points and three thyroid hormones [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3)] in one serum sample were measured. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to assess the associations between individual OH-PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones, and the associations with mixtures of OH-PAH metabolites were assessed by Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. RESULTS: Multivariable linear regression models showed inverse associations between urinary 1-OHNa and TSH, between urinary 1-OHPh and 9-OHPh and FT3, as well as between urinary 2-OHPh, 3-OHPh, 9-OHPh and ∑OHPh and FT4, regardless of these individual OH-PAH metabolites modeled as continuous or tertile variables (e.g., -21.57 % in TSH; 95 % CI: -35.33 %, -4.88 % for the third vs first tertiles of 1-OHNa; p for trend = 0.014). BKMR models showed negative overall effects of all urinary OH-PAH metabolite mixtures on TSH, FT3, and FT4, and 1-OHNa, 9-OHPh, and 2-OHPh as the most important contributors, respectively, with linear inverse exposure-response associations when holding other OH-PAH metabolites at their median concentrations. CONCLUSION: Urinary OH-PAH metabolites as individual chemicals and mixtures were adversely associated with thyroid hormones among reproductive-aged men.