RESUMEN
(2E,4E,6Z,8E)-8-(3',4'-Dihydro-1'(2'H)-naphthalen-1'-ylidene)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienoic acid, 9cUAB30, is a selective rexinoid that displays substantial chemopreventive capacity with little toxicity. 4-Methyl-UAB30, an analogue of 9cUAB30, is a potent RXR agonist but caused increased lipid biosynthesis unlike 9cUAB30. To evaluate how methyl substitution influenced potency and lipid biosynthesis, we synthesized four 9cUAB30 homologues with methyl substitutions at the 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-position of the tetralone ring. The syntheses and biological evaluations of these new analogues are reported here along with the X-ray crystal structures of each homologue bound to the ligand binding domain of hRXRα. We demonstrate that each homologue of 9cUAB30 is a more potent agonist, but only the 7-methyl-9cUAB30 caused severe hyperlipidemia in rats. On the basis of the X-ray crystal structures of these new rexinoids and bexarotene (Targretin) bound to hRXRα-LBD, we reveal that each rexinoid, which induced hyperlipidemia, had methyl groups that interacted with helix 7 residues of the LBD.
Asunto(s)
Anticarcinógenos/química , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/química , Hiperlipidemias/inducido químicamente , Naftalenos/química , Receptor alfa X Retinoide/agonistas , Animales , Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Anticarcinógenos/toxicidad , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Bexaroteno , Sitios de Unión , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/efectos de los fármacos , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/toxicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/patología , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/prevención & control , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Naftalenos/farmacología , Naftalenos/toxicidad , Ratas , Receptor alfa X Retinoide/genética , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tetrahidronaftalenos/farmacología , Tetrahidronaftalenos/toxicidad , Activación TranscripcionalRESUMEN
(2E,4E,6Z,8Z)-8-(3',4'-Dihydro-1'(2H)-naphthalen-1'-ylidene)-3,7-dimethyl-2,3,6-octatrienoinic acid, 9cUAB30, is a selective rexinoid for the retinoid X nuclear receptors (RXR). 9cUAB30 displays substantial chemopreventive capacity with little toxicity and is being translated to the clinic as a novel cancer prevention agent. To improve on the potency of 9cUAB30, we synthesized 4-methyl analogs of 9cUAB30, which introduced chirality at the 4-position of the tetralone ring. The syntheses and biological evaluations of the racemic homolog and enantiomers are reported. We demonstrate that the S-enantiomer is the most potent and least toxic even though these enantiomers bind in a similar conformation in the ligand binding domain of RXR.