Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como ferramenta para diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde com COVID-19 / PRECEDE-PROCEED model as a tool for social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers with COVID-19 / Modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED como herramienta para el diagnóstico social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud con COVID-19

Objetivo: evidenciar os diagnósticos social e epidemiológico de trabalhadores da saúde atuantes na pandemia e acometidos por COVID-19, aplicando modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudo documental, quantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desenvolvido a partir do modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que norteia intervenções, partindo do diagnóstico faseado para implementar ações. Dados obtidos em 215 prontuários de trabalhadores com COVID-19, atendidos no serviço ocupacional hospitalar em Macapá, entre 2020 e 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mulheres (81,9%), pardas/pretas (79%), idade entre 40/55 anos (53,4%), técnicas de enfermagem (40%), da nefrologia (10,2%), vínculo estadual/federal (91,6%) superior a 10 anos (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: cefaleia (53,5%), tosse (51,6%), febre (47,9%). Teste rápido (76,3%), atendimento ambulatorial (90,2%), afastamento de 8 a 14 dias (45,1%), 100% curados, sequelas em 12,6%. Sem diferença significativa quanto ao afastamento por função exercida. Dispneia, dor torácica e sequelas da doença tem maior chance de afastamento. Conclusão: a aplicação do modelo possibilita planejar ações de conscientização/prevenção sobre risco, adoecimento, acidente laboral e cuidados à saúde dos trabalhadores.

Objective: to highlight the social and epidemiological diagnoses of health workers working in the pandemic and affected by COVID-19, applying the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Methods: documentary, quantitative, observational, retrospective study, developed based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which guides interventions, starting from phased diagnosis to implement actions. Data obtained from 215 medical records of workers with COVID-19, treated at the hospital occupational service in Macapá, between 2020 and 2021. Results: social diagnosis: women (81.9%), brown/black (79%), aged between 40/ 55 years old (53.4%), nursing technicians (40%), nephrology (10.2%), state/federal employment (91.6%) for more than 10 years (60.4%). Epidemiological Diagnosis: headache (53.5%), cough (51.6%), fever (47.9%). Rapid test (76.3%), outpatient care (90.2%), sick leave of 8 to 14 days (45.1%), 100% cured, sequelae in 12.6%. No significant difference in terms of leave by function performed. Dyspnea, chest pain and sequelae of the disease have a greater chance of sick leave. Conclusion: the application of the model makes it possible to plan awareness/prevention actions regarding risk, illness, occupational accidents and workers' health care.

Objetivo: visibilizar los diagnósticos social y epidemiológico de los trabajadores de la salud que trabajan en la pandemia y afectados por el COVID-19, aplicando el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED. Métodos: estudio documental, cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, desarrollado con base en el modelo PRECEDE-PROCEED, que orienta las intervenciones, a partir del diagnóstico por fases para implementar de acciones. Los datos se obtuvieron de 215 historias clínicas de trabajadores con COVID-19, atendidos en el servicio ocupacional hospitalario de Macapá, entre 2020 y 2021. Resultados: diagnóstico social: mujeres (81,9%), morenas/negras (79%), edades entre 40/ 55 años (53,4%), técnicos en enfermería (40%), del área de nefrología (10,2%), empleo estatal/federal (91,6%) con más de 10 años (60,4%). Diagnóstico Epidemiológico: dolor de cabeza (53,5%), tos (51,6%), fiebre (47,9%). Prueba rápida (76,3%), atención ambulatoria (90,2%), baja laboral de 8 a 14 días (45,1%), 100% curados, secuelas en un 12,6%. No hay diferencia significativa en términos de licencias por función desempeñada. La disnea, el dolor torácico y las secuelas de la enfermedad tienen mayor probabilidad de ocasionar la baja laboral. Conclusiones: la aplicación del modelo permite planificar acciones de concienciación/prevención en cuanto al riesgo, enfermedades, accidentes laborales y atención de la salud de los trabajadores.

White Environment Can Be Used as an Aversive Stimulus in Zebrafish Inhibitory Avoidance Learning.

The two-factor theory predicts that the acquisition of avoidance responses is dependent on fear reduction; as such, drugs that reduce or increase fear or anxiety states should alter inhibitory avoidance (IA) acquisition. The present experiment used white spaces as aversive unconditioned stimuli in IA in zebrafish. Adult zebrafishes were tested in three experiments: validation of white compartment as aversive in IA; open field test; and effect of antidepressant (fluoxetine, imipramine) and anxiolytic (diazepam, clonazepam). The data show the effectiveness of the white compartment as an aversive stimulus in IA. Antidepressant fluoxetine did not alter and imipramine impairs avoidance acquisition in higher doses. Imipramine also produced a sedative effect in lower doses. Anxiolytic and stimulant drugs facilitated learning at doses which did not impair locomotion, suggesting that pharmacological manipulation of other factors in addition to fear/anxiety can impact aversive learning in zebrafish.

Trend in the incidence of commuting accidents among workers in Brazil between 2009 and 2016.

BACKGROUND: Commuting accidents might have serious consequences for the health of workers, in addition to considerable financial impacts on the national health system and the social security administration. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile and calculate the incidence of commuting accidents in Brazil in the period from 2009 to 2016. METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study with time series analysis (2009-2016) based on official secondary data obtained from Social Security Statistical Yearbooks. Information on the economically active population was retrieved from the National Household Sample Survey. Annual incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 economically active population. Simple temporal linear regression analysis was performed with software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The significance level was set to p<0.05. RESULTS: The epidemiological profile of workers involved in commuting accidents corresponded to men, aged 20 to 29 and with leg/ankle fractures, which represented 24.78% of the total population of involved workers. The incidence of commuting accidents increased from 88.17 to 105.88 in the analyzed period, which represents an variation rate of 20.08% (R2=0.715; p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The detected rise in the incidence and number of commuting accidents point to the need for the government to formulate prevention plans targeting high-risk groups.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os acidentes de trajeto ocorrem no percurso do domicílio até o local de trabalho e vice-versa. Esse tipo de acidente de trabalho pode resultar em grave desordem à saúde do trabalhador e, em grande quantidade, impactar financeiramente o Sistema Único de Saúde e a Previdência Social Brasileira (PSB). OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e estimar a incidência dos acidentes de trajeto em trabalhadores no Brasil entre 2009 e 2016. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo, com análises de séries temporais (2009-2016), baseado em dados secundários e oficiais extraídos dos Anuários Estatísticos da Previdência Social. As informações de População Economicamente Ativa foram retiradas da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios. As incidências anuais foram calculadas para cada 100 mil pessoas economicamente ativas, independentemente de sexo, de idade e de contribuição para a PSB. Utilizou-se o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para realizar testes de regressão linear simples temporal, considerando significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: O perfil epidemiológico do trabalhador acometido foi de homem entre 20 e 29 anos com fratura de perna e/ou tornozelo, que representou 24,73% do total de trabalhadores acometidos. No período, a incidência dos acidentes de trajeto aumentou de 88,17 para 105,88, o que resultou em taxa de variação de 20,08% (R2=0,715; p=0,008). CONCLUSÃO: O crescimento da incidência e do número de acidentes demonstra grande necessidade de elaboração de planos governamentais de prevenção, que devem ser direcionados aos principais grupos de risco.

Effects of the number of subjects on the dark/light preference of Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

This research aims to describe the effects of a variable number of Danio rerio fish subjects, ranging from one to eight, in the light/dark box preference test. Four hundred eighty adult male short-finned phenotype zebrafish were tested in the light/dark box. There were four groups in this experiment and a different number of subjects was used in each group: the control group had only one subject, whereas the experimental groups had either two, four, or eight subjects simultaneously inside the apparatus in every session. The average occurrence (AO) of subjects in the white side of the aquarium and the first choice average (FC) were recorded. The AO revealed no difference between the control group and test groups with two and four subjects. The results for the test group with eight subjects showed significant difference when compared to the control group and from the test group with two subjects. The FC also showed no difference between the control group and test groups with two and four subjects. There was significant variation between the control and the test group with eight subjects. The results reflect a conflict between the animal's preference for dark places and the innate drive to explore new environments. Zebrafish are highly social animals, exhibiting preference for swimming in groups and other patterns of social cohesion. The reduced white avoidance behavior in the test group of eight subjects may possibly reflect the role of shoaling, which is a defensive behavior, in reducing anxiety and stress. On the other hand, the absence of difference between the control group and test groups with two and four subjects suggest that it is feasible to run the light/dark test with up to four subjects, becoming an alternative to streamline and simplify data collection and test analysis.

Scototaxis as anxiety-like behavior in fish.

The scototaxis (dark/light preference) protocol is a behavioral model for fish that is being validated to assess the antianxiety effects of pharmacological agents and the behavioral effects of toxic substances, and to investigate the (epi)genetic bases of anxiety-related behavior. Briefly, a fish is placed in a central compartment of a half-black, half-white tank; following habituation, the fish is allowed to explore the tank for 15 min; the number and duration of entries in each compartment (white or black) are recorded by the observer for the whole session. Zebrafish, goldfish, guppies and tilapias (all species that are important in behavioral neurosciences and neuroethology) have been shown to demonstrate a marked preference for the dark compartment. An increase in white compartment activity (duration and/or entries) should reflect antianxiety behavior, whereas an increase in dark compartment activity should reflect anxiety-promoting behavior. When individual animals are exposed to the apparatus on only one occasion, results can be obtained in 20 min per fish.