OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the gait parameters in patients with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) therapy using quantitative gait analyses and reveal the associated clinical features. METHODS: Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects with STN-DBS who applied to our movement disorders outpatient clinics between December/2021 and March/2022 were enrolled. In addition to the evaluation of the demographic data and the clinical features; clinical scales measuring the freezing of gait (FOG), falls and quality of life were performed. A gait analyzer program was used to perform gait analysis. RESULTS: Thirty patients with a mean age of 59.4 ± 8.3 (F/M = 7/23) were enrolled. The comparative analyses between the tremor-dominant and akinetic-rigid (AR) subtype patients showed that the step time asymmetry measures were higher in the AR group. The comparative analyses according to the symptom onset side showed that the step length was smaller in those with left-side symptom onset. The correlation analyses showed that there were correlations between the quality-of-life indexes and FOG questionnaire and falls efficacy scale (FES) scores. Finally, the correlation analyses between clinical scales and gait parameters revealed that there were significant correlations between the FES scores and the step length asymmetry (SLA). CONCLUSION: We found a strong relationship between falls and quality of life indexes of our patients under STN-DBS therapy. In this patient group, particular evaluation of fallings and the follow-up of SLA in gait analysis may constitute important points during the evaluation of patients in routine clinical practice.
Deep Brain Stimulation , Gait Disorders, Neurologic , Parkinson Disease , Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Parkinson Disease/complications , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/etiology , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/therapy , Quality of Life , Gait/physiology , Treatment Outcome
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases , Hypotension, Orthostatic , Multiple System Atrophy , Blood Pressure , Humans , Hypotension, Orthostatic/diagnostic imaging , Hypotension, Orthostatic/drug therapy , Levodopa/therapeutic use , Multiple System Atrophy/complications , Multiple System Atrophy/diagnostic imaging , Multiple System Atrophy/drug therapy
Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotropic cannabinoid found in the Cannabis plant, has been shown to exert anti-nociceptive, anti-psychotic, and anti-convulsant effects and to also influence the cardiovascular system. In this study, the effects of CBD on major ion currents were investigated using the patch-clamp technique in rabbit ventricular myocytes. CBD inhibited voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels with IC50 values of 5.4 and 4.8 µM, respectively. In addition, CBD, at lower concentrations, suppressed ion currents mediated by rapidly and slowly activated delayed rectifier K+ channels with IC50 of 2.4 and 2.1 µM, respectively. CBD, up to 10 µM, did not have any significant effect on inward rectifier I K1 and transient outward I to currents. The effects of CBD on these currents developed gradually, reaching steady-state levels within 5-8 min, and recoveries were usually slow and partial. Hill coefficients higher than unity in concentration-inhibition curves suggested multiple CBD binding sites on these channels. These findings indicate that CBD affects cardiac electrophysiology by acting on a diverse range of ion channels and suggest that caution should be exercised when CBD is administered to carriers of cardiac channelopathies or to individuals using drugs known to affect the rhythm or the contractility of the heart.
