Modern state of problem of delivery of medicines with use of erythrocytes as cell-carriers.

Erythrocytes are prospective carriers of wide range of medicines and other biologically active agents. Main peculiarity and advantage of erythrocytes as carriers of medicines is their absolute bio-compatibility and ability for long circulation in an organism. While growing old these cells undergo natural process of biodegradation. Relatively inactive endocellular environment protects carried medicine from being inactivated by different endogenous factors. At the present time different methods of loading medicines in erythrocytes are used: electroporation, induced endocytosis, osmotic pulse hematolysis, hypotonic hematolysis. Most of these methods are based on the ability of these cells for reversible deformation of the surface without changing area of surface. Introduction of medicines in erythrocytes can be conducted in natural way as a result of their sorption on cell membrane. Different medicines can be used as the objects for targeted transport: antibiotics, antineoplastic drugs, corticosteroids, peptides, enzymes etc. extracorporeal pharmacotherapy with use of erythrocytes as carriers can be applied in the treatment of different diseases. Range of used medicines and provided possibilities is quite wide at a present time, but further development of this direction is very prospective. The aim of the authors was to outline a common concept of the potential of erythrocytes as universal transportation means of medicines for therapy of different pathological conditions.

[Taste perception during clinical symptom complex of gastroesophageal reflux disease].

Taste perception is an important criterion for the state of the oral mucous membrane in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The tongue, as an organ of taste, is characterized by serious changes in the functional state after injury with acid-containing substrates due to reflux. The specific features of taste perception and possibility for their correction were studied in 75 patients with this disorder. The type of changes in activity of tongue taste receptors and taste thresholds in patients before and after therapy were estimated by means of advanced gustometry and functional mobility technique. Specific changes in sensory function of the oral cavity were shown to be associated with acid aggression. Our results illustrate the possibility of taste correction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Taking into account some features of the general disease, it can be concluded that the introduction of Parodontax-F toothpaste and Emalan into combined therapy is accompanied by the improvement of taste perception. Correction of dysgeusia is an important criterion for the improvement of the quality of life of patients.

[The quality control of nutrient medium in laboratory bacteriologic diagnostics of diphtheria].

The article deals with the results of studying the growth characteristics of nine nutrient mediums for primary plating of pathologic material. It is demonstrated that for successful and proper functioning of bacteriologic laboratory providing bacterial analysis for diphtheria the permanent quality control is needed to monitor the nutrient mediums for primary plating. The quality control is applied to evaluate the growth characteristics on such criteria as germination of isolated culture, intensity of its growth in 24 and 48 hours, optimal size of colonies characterized by their cultural characteristics, inhibiting activity concerning concurrent microflora.

[Mineral bone density and mineral exchange status in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis].

Chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) development and course are closely related with somatic pathology. Systemic factors (Ca-regulating hormones level including) influence jaw bone tissue metabolism by resorptive processes reinforcing. We determined the degree of skeletal bone tissue mineralization and the level of Ca-regulating hormones in women with CGP of reproductive age and in postmenopausal period. According to our data the women with severe CGP of reproductive age had normal values of sceletal mineral bone density in cases of Ca-regulating hormones level and Ca-homeostasis changes.

[Experience of the osteoplastic material Osteoplast-K use for surgical interventions on parodontal tissues].

Information of the composition and properties of osteoplastic material based on sulphated glycosammoglykans (Osteoplast-K) is given, results of the material use in cases of surgical interventions on parodontium are presented.

[Periodontal tissues state in patients with systemic osteoporosis].

The results of the study of periodontal tissues in patients with systemic osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis are presented. The reduction of bone density in the region of interalveolar septa, insignificant bone tissue loss of the horizontal type and pathological teeth mobility were reported.

[Characteristics of leukocytic markers in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis during exacerbation]. / Kharakteristika leikotsitarnykh markerov u bol'nykh s khronicheskim generalizovannym parodontitom v faze obostreniia.

The immune status of patients with periodontitis was studied using monoclonal antibodies. Two variants of the immune status were distinguished: with high and low reactivity of T cellular system. The data on the presence of receptors and apoptosis markers on lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes of patients with periodontitis are presented for the first time. The authors recommend to take the results of this study into consideration when treating patients with chronic periodontitis.

[Lymphoscintigraphy in the diagnosis and prognosis of post-mastectomy edema of the extremities]. / Limfostsintigrafiia v diagnostike i prognozirovanii postmastéktomicheskogo oteka konechnosti.

Dynamic lymphoscintigraphy provides adequate means for in vivo contrast-enhanced examination of functional lymph collectors in the extremeties which in turn offers best advantage in diagnosing post-mastectomy edema of the arms. A comparative study was concerned with lymph flow in healthy subjects, breast cancer patients and those with post-mastectomy edema and without it after complete course of treatment. A group of risk for edema was formed.

[NMDA-Receptors in the central nervous system of the honey bee with kynurenine deficiency]. / NMDA-Retseptory tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy medonosnoi pchely v usloviiakh defitsita kinureninov.

Effects of some drugs on the short-term memory were tested. In kynurenine deficit, mutant snow laranja manifested the same pharmacological profile and 10 to 100-fold enhancement of sensitivity of the NMDA receptors' different sites. The data obtained suggest that the gene controlling the key enzyme activity of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism is involved in regulation of the CNS NMDA receptors' functional condition. The kynurenines may be classified as endogenous modulators of the NMDA receptor sensitivity.

[Photo-hemo-correction in the complex treatment of patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower limbs]. / Fotogemokorrektsiia v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh s obliteriruiushchim aterosklerozom arterii nizhnikh konechnostei.

Based on the assessment of clinical efficiency of the intravascular and percutaneous photomodification of blood with a helium-neon laser in 170 patients the authors have shown that it is expedient to include the photohemocorrection in the medical programs for the I-III degree ischemia.

[A comparative evaluation of modern antibacterial preparations in the treatment of a severe degree of periodontitis at a stage of exacerbation]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka sovremennykh antibakterial'nykh preparatov pri lechenii parodontita tiazheloi stepeni v stadii obostreniia.

Sensitivities of peptostreptococci, streptococci, Actinomyces, bacteroid, and fusobacterial strains pathogenic for the periodontium to wide-spectrum penicillines, cephalosporines, lincomycin, macrolides, metronidasole, and nitasole are compared. New macrolide antibiotics rulide. Macropene, gramicidin C, levomycetin, and rifampicin are highly effective. Some narrow-spectrum drugs, e.g. augmentin, cephalexin, and vancomycin (towards actinomycetes) were highly effective, too.