Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Donantes de Sangre , Malaria/prevención & control , Plasmodium/inmunología , Reacción a la Transfusión , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Brasil/epidemiología , Portador Sano/sangre , Portador Sano/diagnóstico , ADN Protozoario/sangre , Enfermedades Endémicas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Humanos , Israel/epidemiología , Malaria/sangre , Malaria/diagnóstico , Malaria/epidemiología , Malaria/transmisión , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The 6-oxasteroids 3alpha-hydroxy-6-oxa-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (3) and 3alpha-hydroxy-6-oxa-5beta-pregnan-20-one (4) were obtained from pregnenolone acetate via the corresponding (5alpha or 5beta) 3beta, 20beta-diacetoxy-6-oxa-pregnane. Both steroids showed ca. 100-fold reduced potency for modulating [(3)H]flunitrazepam, [(3)H]muscimol or [(35)S]TBPS binding to the GABA(A) receptor when compared to their natural carbon analogs 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (1) and 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (2).
Asunto(s)
Colestanonas/síntesis química , Colestanonas/farmacología , Receptores de GABA-A/metabolismo , Esteroides/química , Animales , Antipsicóticos/química , Antipsicóticos/farmacología , Sitios de Unión , Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/metabolismo , Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/farmacología , Flunitrazepam/metabolismo , Flunitrazepam/farmacología , Moduladores del GABA/química , Moduladores del GABA/farmacología , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Estructura Molecular , Muscimol/metabolismo , Muscimol/farmacología , Ratas , Receptores de GABA-A/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Three population groups, 1500 blood donors, 513 antenatal women representing a normal population group and 250 sicklers representing a multiply transfused group were studied to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection in Jamaica. The relationship to liver enzyme levels, hepatitis B infection, syphilis and HIV infection was also investigated. Sera were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for anti-HCV C100-3 and subsequently tested by a supplementary second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). In the blood donors, the prevalence of anti-HCV was low, 0.3%-0.4%, the same level as that reported by several European countries. In the multiply transfused sicklers, the prevalence was more than seven times higher. No HCV infection was detected in the antenatal group. There was little correlation between HCV infection and surrogate markers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and no correlation with sexually transmitted diseases.
Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes/inmunología , Donantes de Sangre , Hepacivirus/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis/sangre , Hepatitis C/inmunología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/inmunología , Adulto , Anemia de Células Falciformes/terapia , Donantes de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis C , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Reacción a la TransfusiónRESUMEN
Three population groups, 1500 blood donors, 513 antenatal women representing a normal population group and 250 sicklers representing a multiply transfused group were studied to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection in Jamaica. The relationship to liver enzyme levels, hepatitis B infection, syphilis and HIV infection was also investigated. Sera were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for anti-HCV C100-3 and subsequently tested by a supplementary second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). In the blood donors, the prevalence of anti-HCV was low, 0.3 per cent - 0.4 per cent, the same level as that reported by several European countries. In the multiply transfused sicklers, the prevalence was more than seven times higher. No HCV infection was detected in the antenatal group. There was little correlation between HCV infection and surrogate markers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and no correlation with sexually transmitted diseases. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Estudio Comparativo , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Donantes de Sangre , Transfusión Sanguínea/efectos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Anemia de Células Falciformes/sangre , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis , Jamaica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Three population groups, 1500 blood donors, 513 antenatal women representing a normal population group and 250 sicklers representing a multiply transfused group were studied to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection in Jamaica. The relationship to liver enzyme levels, hepatitis B infection, syphilis and HIV infection was also investigated. Sera were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for anti-HCV C100-3 and subsequently tested by a supplementary second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). In the blood donors, the prevalence of anti-HCV was low, 0.3 per cent - 0.4 per cent, the same level as that reported by several European countries. In the multiply transfused sicklers, the prevalence was more than seven times higher. No HCV infection was detected in the antenatal group. There was little correlation between HCV infection and surrogate markers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and no correlation with sexually transmitted diseases.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Donantes de Sangre , Transfusión Sanguínea/efectos adversos , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Anemia de Células Falciformes/sangre , Jamaica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Three population groups, 1500 blood donors, 513 antenatal women representing a normal population group and 250 sicklers representing a multiply transfused group, were studied to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis C Viral (HCV) infection in Jamaica. The relationship to liver enzyme levels, hepatitis B infection, syphilis and HIV infection was also investigated. Sera were screened by EIA for anti-HCV C100-3 and subsequently tested by a supplementary second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). In the blood donors, the prevalence of anti-HCV was low, 0.3 percent - 0.4 percent, the same level as that reported by several European countries. In the multiply transfused sicklers, the prevalence was more than seven times higher. No HCV infection was detected in the antenatal group. There was little correlation between HCV infection and surrogate markers alanine transferase (ALT) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and no correlation with sexually transmitted diseases (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Jamaica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A total of 1,915 sera collected in 1979 from asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers were tested for delta antigen, antibody to delta antigen (anti-delta), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) in addition to HBsAg and its subtypes. These sera represented blood donated by volunteers to 49 of 57 regions of the American Red Cross located in nine geographic regions of the United States and Puerto Rico. A total of 72 (3.8%) sera had anti-delta activity while none had a detectable level of delta antigen. A significantly higher (p less than 0.01) prevalence of anti-delta (12.1%) was found in San Jose, California (Pacific Region); on the other hand, the East South Central region covering Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee had a significantly lower (p less than 0.05) prevalence (1.4%) of anti-delta when compared with all other regions combined. Anti-delta was, however, detected in all regions of the United States and in Puerto Rico. The cause of significant differences in the prevalence of anti-delta was not clear. The distribution of anti-delta was not associated with age, sex or blood type of the donor. Sixty-nine of 70 samples with anti-delta were found among the 1,527 samples that had either HBeAg or anti-HBe. And among 149 that lacked both HBeAg and anti-HBe, only one sample had anti-delta. The difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The presence of anti-delta was not associated with HBsAg/ad (2.7%) or HBsAg/ay (4.6%).