RNAi efficiency is enhanced through knockdown of double-stranded RNA-degrading enzymes in butterfly Papilio xuthus.

The efficiency of RNA interference (RNAi) has always limited the research on the phenotype innovation of Lepidoptera insects. Previous studies have found that double-stranded RNA-degrading enzyme (dsRNase) is an important factor in RNAi efficiency, but there have been no relevant reports in butterflies (Papilionoidea). Papilio xuthus is one of the important models in butterflies with an extensive experimental application value. To explore the effect of dsRNase in the RNAi efficiency on butterflies, six dsRNase genes (PxdsRNase 1-6) were identified in P. xuthus genome, and their dsRNA-degrading activities were subsequently detected by ex vivo assays. The result shows that the dsRNA-degrading ability of gut content (<1 h) was higher than hemolymph content (>12 h). We then investigated the expression patterns of these PxdsRNase genes during different tissues and developmental stages, and related RNAi experiments were carried out. Our results show that different PxdsRNase genes had different expression levels at different developmental stages and tissues. The expression of PxdsRNase2, PxdsRNase3, and PxdsRNase6 were upregulated significantly through dsGFP injection, and PxdsRNase genes can be silenced effectively by injecting their corresponding dsRNA. RNAi-of-RNAi studies with PxEbony, which acts as a reporter gene, observed that silencing PxdsRNase genes can increase RNAi efficiency significantly. These results confirm that silencing dsRNase genes can improve RNAi efficiency in P. xuthus significantly, providing a reference for the functional study of insects such as butterflies with low RNAi efficiency.

The first chromosome-level genome of the stag beetle Dorcus hopei Saunders, 1854 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae).

Stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) represent a significant saproxylic assemblage in forest ecosystems and are noted for their enlarged mandibles and male polymorphism. Despite their relevance as ideal models for the study of exaggerated mandibles that aid in attracting mates, the regulatory mechanisms associated with these traits remain understudied, and restricted by the lack of high-quality reference genomes for stag beetles. To address this limitation, we successfully assembled the first chromosome-level genome of a representative species Dorcus hopei. The genome was 496.58 Mb in length, with a scaffold N50 size of 54.61 Mb, BUSCO values of 99.8%, and 96.8% of scaffolds anchored to nine pairs of chromosomes. We identified 285.27 Mb (57.45%) of repeat sequences and annotated 11,231 protein-coding genes. This genome will be a valuable resource for further understanding the evolution and ecology of stag beetles, and provides a basis for studying the mechanisms of exaggerated mandibles through comparative analysis.

Cloning and characterization of luciferase from an Asian firefly Pygoluciola qingyu and its comparison with other beetle luciferases.

The bioluminescence system of luminescent beetles has extensive applications in biological imaging, protein labeling and drug screening. To explore wild luciferases with excellent catalytic activity and thermal stability, we cloned the luciferase of Pygoluciola qingyu, one species living in areas of high temperature and with strong bioluminescence, by combining transcriptomic sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The total length of luciferase gene is 1638 bp and the luciferase consists 544 amino acids. The recombinant P. qingyu luciferase was produced in vitro and its characteristics were compared with those of eight luciferases from China firefly species and two commercial luciferases. Compared with these luciferases, the P. qingyu luciferase shows the highest luminescence activity at room temperature (about 25-28 â„ƒ) with similar KM value for D-luciferin and ATP to the Photinus pyralis luciferase. The P. qingyu luciferase activity was highest at 35 â„ƒ and can keep high activity at 30-40 â„ƒ, which suggests the potential of P. qingyu luciferase for in vivo and cell application. Our results provide new insights into P. qingyu luciferase and give a new resource for the application of luciferases.

Sequential surgery for the treatment of type I knee ankylosis: a series of 62 cases.

BACKGROUNDS: The lack of systematic classification and standard treatment principles for knee ankylosis prevents optimal treatments. This study explored treatments for type I (mild) knee joint ankylosis. METHOD: This retrospective study analysed patients with knee joint ankylosis admitted from March 2013 to January 2018 who underwent sequential arthroscopic release. RESULT: The 62 patients had 12-36 (average, 18) months of follow-up. Thirty-eight patients were released; of these, 18 were assisted by limited incision with partial quadriceps femoris expansion myotomy and released according to arthroscopy. Six patients underwent lengthening and release of the quadriceps femoris. All surgeries combined with full-course rehabilitation resulted in improved joint mobility. The range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint recovered to a range of 0° to 85°-140° (mean: 118.32 ± 9.42°) from the preoperative range of 30°-70° (mean: 45° ± 15.50°). The clinical effect was evaluated according to the Judet criteria at the final follow-up. The outcomes at the last follow-up (at least for 1 year) were excellent in 55 cases, good in six cases, and fair in one case. CONCLUSION: Sequential arthroscopic release, minimal selective invasion of limited incision of partial quadriceps femoris expansion myotomy, assisted by pie-crusting technique to release, or quadriceps femoris lengthening, and release surgery for type I knee joint ankylosis, accompanied by early rehabilitation training provided satisfactory results without significant complications.

Combined administration of anisodamine and neostigmine alleviated colitis by inducing autophagy and inhibiting inflammation.

Our previous work demonstrated that the anisodamine (ANI) and neostigmine (NEO) combination produced an antiseptic shock effect and rescued acute lethal crush syndrome by activating the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). This study documents the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of the ANI/NEO combination in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Treating mice with ANI and NEO at a ratio of 500:1 alleviated the DSS-induced colitis symptoms, reduced body weight loss, improved the disease activity index, enhanced colon length, and alleviated colon inflammation. The combination treatment also enhanced autophagy in the colon of mice with DSS-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide/DSS-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Besides, the ANI/NEO treatment significantly reduced INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-22 expression in colon tissues and decreased TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 mRNA levels in Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and ATG5 siRNA attenuated these effects. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and the α7nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) weakened the ANI/NEO-induced protection on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Overall, these results indicate that the ANI/NEO combination exerts therapeutic effects through autophagy and α7nAChR in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model.

Multiple Origins of Bioluminescence in Beetles and Evolution of Luciferase Function.

Bioluminescence in beetles has long fascinated biologists, with diverse applications in biotechnology. To date, however, our understanding of its evolutionary origin and functional variation mechanisms remains poor. To address these questions, we obtained high-quality reference genomes of luminous and nonluminous beetles in 6 Elateroidea families. We then reconstructed a robust phylogenetic relationship for all luminous families and related nonluminous families. Comparative genomic analyses and biochemical functional experiments suggested that gene evolution within Elateroidea played a crucial role in the origin of bioluminescence, with multiple parallel origins observed in the luminous beetle families. While most luciferase-like proteins exhibited a conserved nonluminous amino acid pattern (TLA346 to 348) in the luciferin-binding sites, luciferases in the different luminous beetle families showed divergent luminous patterns at these sites (TSA/CCA/CSA/LVA). Comparisons of the structural and enzymatic properties of ancestral, extant, and site-directed mutant luciferases further reinforced the important role of these sites in the trade-off between acyl-CoA synthetase and luciferase activities. Furthermore, the evolution of bioluminescent color demonstrated a tendency toward hypsochromic shifts and variations among the luminous families. Taken together, our results revealed multiple parallel origins of bioluminescence and functional divergence within the beetle bioluminescent system.

Analysis of clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of breast cancer brain metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) has become the most common malignancy in women. The incidence and detection rates of BC brain metastasis (BCBM) have increased with the progress of imaging, multidisciplinary treatment techniques and the extension of survival time of BC patients. BM seriously affects the quality of life and sur-vival prognosis of BC patients. Therefore, clinical research on the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of BCBM is valuable. By analyzing the clinicopathological parameters of BCBM patients, and assessing the risk factors and prognostic indicators, we can perform hierarchical diagnosis and treatment on the high-risk population of BCBM, and achieve clinical benefits of early diagnosis and treatment. AIM: To explore the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of BCBM, and provide references for diagnosis, treatment and management of BCBM. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 68 BCBM patients admitted to the Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (formerly Air Force General Hospital) from 2000 to 2022 were collected. Another 136 BC patients without BM were matched at a ratio of 1:2 based on the age and site of onset for retrospective analysis. Categorical data were subjected to χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability test, and the variables with P < 0.05 in the univariate Cox proportional hazards model were incorporated into the multivariate model to identify high-risk factors and independent prognostic factors of BCBM, with a hazard ratio (HR) > 1 suggesting poor prognostic factors. The survival time of patients was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and overall survival was compared between groups by log-rank test. RESULTS: Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients with stage III/IV tumor at initial diagnosis [HR: 5.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99-15.68], lung metastasis (HR: 24.18, 95%CI: 6.40-91.43), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing BC and triple-negative BC were more prone to BM. As can be seen from the prognostic data, 52 of the 68 BCBM patients had died by the end of follow-up, and the median time from diagnosis of BC to the occurrence of BM and from the occurrence of BM to death or last follow-up was 33.5 and 14 mo, respectively. It was confirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis that patients with neurological symptoms (HR: 1.923, 95%CI: 1.005-3.680), with bone metastasis (HR: 2.011, 95%CI: 1.056-3.831), and BM of HER2-overexpressing and triple-negative BC had shorter survival time. CONCLUSION: HER2-overexpressing, triple-negative BC, late tumor stage and lung metastasis are risk factors of BM. The presence of neurological symptoms, bone metastasis, and molecular type are influencing prognosis factors of BCBM.

Imaging and component analysis of pumpkin stem tissue with simultaneous SF-CARS and TPEF microscopy.

A multimodal nonlinear optical imaging platform based on a single femtosecond oscillator is built for simultaneous TPEF and SF-CARS imaging. TPEF microscopy and SF-CARS microscopy is utilized for mapping the distribution of the lignin component and the polysaccharide component, respectively. Visualization of vessel structure is realized. And the relative distribution of lignin and polysaccharide of vessel structure is mapped. Two pumpkin stem tissue areas with different degrees of lignification are observed with simultaneous TPEF and SF-CARS imaging, and two types of cell walls are identified. The different distribution patterns of lignin and polysaccharide in these two types of cell walls, induced by different degrees of lignification, are analyzed in detail.

A review of different types of volunteer programs for older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest an association between volunteering and health outcomes in older adults. However, less is known about existing programs that involve older adults engaging in formal volunteering, especially programs for older volunteers with cognitive impairment. In this review, we summarized and evaluated different types of volunteering-based programs involving older volunteers with and without cognitive impairment. After a non-systematic literature search, we presented eight example volunteer programs. Older volunteers participate in the programs in person or remotely. In five of the programs, older volunteers without cognitive impairment participate in intergenerational engagement, support and referral, home visiting, and dementia care services. The other three programs specifically recruit older volunteers with cognitive impairment and provide intergenerational engagement and individualized volunteer activities. Both strengths and challenges identified in the programs were discussed. Different types of volunteering-based programs are available for engaging older volunteers. For volunteers to remain active during the pandemic or for volunteers who live with cognitive impairment, remote programs can be a valuable alternative. Program effects on older volunteers need to be tested in more rigorously designed studies.

Association between depression and quality of life in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A moderated mediation of cognitive impairment and sleep quality.

BACKGROUND: The acceleration of aging and the increase in life expectancy have resulted in an increasing number of older adults developing physical and mental comorbidities. We examined the association between depression and quality of life (QoL) using cognitive impairment (COI) as a mediator and sleep quality (SQ) as a moderator among older adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 2646 participants from Weifang, Shandong, China completed the survey. Their depression, cognitive function, SQ, and QoL were assessed. PROCESS was used to investigate mediating and moderating effects. RESULTS: COI mediated the association between depression and QoL (indirect effect = -0.1058, bootstrapped 95 % CI [-0.1417, -0.0725]). Moderated mediation analyses indicated that SQ moderated the first half of the pathway of depression's impact on QoL through COI (moderating effect = -0.1128, bootstrapped 95 % CI [-0.1981, -0.0348]). Depression negatively impacted cognitive function in participants with poor (vs. better) SQ. LIMITATIONS: First, multiple assessment tools should be considered to increase objective assessment. Second, the cross-sectional design limited our ability to make causal inferences. Third, additional diabetes-related variables should be included to explore this relationship. Finally, the pathways of influence and mechanisms of action of COI in older adults should be explored further. CONCLUSION: Depression could impair the QoL of older adults by aggravating their COI. Fortunately, improving patients' SQ may undermine this negative effect. These findings may play an integral role in promoting the psychiatric health of older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome without STK11 mutation may correlate with less severe clinical manifestations in Chinese patients.

BACKGROUND: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease with skin mucosal pigment spots and gastrointestinal (GI) multiple hamartoma polyps as clinical characteristics. At present, it is considered that the germline mutation of STK11 gene is the genetic cause of PJS. However, not all PJS patients can be detected STK11 germline mutations. The specific clinical characteristics of these PJS patients without STK11 mutation is an interesting clinical question. Or, like wild type GI stromal tumor, whether these PJS without STK11 mutation are also called PJS is worth discussing. Therefore, we designed the study to understand the clinical characteristics of these PJS patients without STK11 mutation. AIM: To investigates whether PJS patients with known STK11 mutations have a more severe spectrum of clinical phenotypes compared to those without. METHODS: A total of 92 patients with PJS admitted to the Air Force Medical Center from 2010 to 2022 were randomly selected for study. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood samples, and pathogenic germline mutations of STK11 were detected by high-throughput next-generation gene sequencing. Clinical-pathologic manifestations of patients with and without STK11/LKB1 mutations were compared. RESULTS: STK11 germline mutations were observed in 73 patients with PJS. Among 19 patients with no detectable STK11 mutations, six had no pathogenic germline mutations of other genes, while 13 had other genetic mutations. Compared with PJS patients with STK11 mutations, those without tended to be older at the age of initial treatment, age of first intussusception and age of initial surgery. They also had a lower number of total hospitalizations relating to intussusception or intestinal obstruction, and a lower load of small intestine polyps. CONCLUSION: PJS patients without STK11 mutations might have less severe clinical-pathologic manifestations than those with.

Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Experience with 566 Chinese cases.

BACKGROUND: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a clinically rare disease with pigmented spots on the lips and mucous membranes and extremities, scattered gastrointestinal polyps, and susceptibility to tumors as clinical manifestations. Effective preventive and curative methods are still lacking. Here we summarize our experience with 566 Chinese patients with PJS from a Chinese medical center with regard to the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. AIM: To explore the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of PJS in a Chinese medical center. METHODS: The diagnosis and treatment information of 566 cases of PJS admitted to the Air Force Medical Center from January 1994 to October 2022 was summarized. A clinical database was established covering age, gender, ethnicity, family history, age at first treatment, time and sequence of appearance of mucocutaneous pigmentation, polyp distribution, quantity, and diameter, frequency of hospitalization, frequency of surgical operations, etc. The clinical data was retrospectively analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of all the patients included, 55.3% were male and 44.7% were female. Median time to the appearance of mucocutaneous pigmentation was 2 years, and median time from the appearance of mucocutaneous pigmentation to the occurrence of abdominal symptoms was 10 years. The vast majority (92.2%) of patients underwent small bowel endoscopy and treatment, with 2.3% having serious complications. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of enteroscopies between patients with and without canceration (P = 0.004, Z = -2.882); 71.2% of patients underwent surgical operation, 75.6% of patients underwent surgical operation before the age of 35 years, and there was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of surgical operations between patients with and without cancer (P = 0.000, Z = -5.127). At 40 years of age, the cumulative risk of intussusception in PJS was approximately 72.0%, and at 50 years, the cumulative risk of intussusception in PJS was approximately 89.6%. At 50 years of age, the cumulative risk of cancer in PJS was approximately 49.3%, and at 60 years of age, the cumulative risk of cancer in PJS was approximately 71.7%. CONCLUSION: The risk of intussusception and cancer of PJS polyps increases with age. PJS patients ≥ 10 years old should undergo annual enteroscopy. Endoscopic treatment has a good safety profile and can reduce the occurrence of polyps intussusception and cancer. Surgery should be conducted to protect the gastrointestinal system by removing polyps.

ß-patchoulene alleviates cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of sepsis associated encephalopathy by inhibition of microglia activation through Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common but poorly understood complication during sepsis. Currently, there are no preventive or therapeutic agents available for this neurological disorder. The present study was designed to determine the potential protective effects of ß-patchoulene (ß-PAE) in a mouse model of SAE and explore the putative mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). Mice were administrated with ß-PAE or saline by intra-cerebral ventricle(i.c.v) injection immediately after CLP surgery. The inhibitory avoidance tests and open field tests were performed at 24h, 48h and 7days after procedures. Cytokines expression, oxidative parameters, microglia polarization and apoptosis in the brain tissue were assessed. Sirt1, Nrf2, HO-1and cleaved-caspase3 expression in hippocampus was determined by western-blotting. Further, serum cytokines expression and spleen lymphocytes apoptosis were evaluated, and survival study was performed. RESULTS: Septic mice suffered severe cognitive decline following CLP as evidenced by decreased memory latency time and lower frequency of line crossing in the behavioral tests. A high dose of ß-PAE(1mg/kg) improved the cognitive impairment in SAE mice, which was accompanied by reduced cytokines expression and oxidative stress. Immunofluorescence assay showed that ß-PAE inhibited the expression of Iba-1 and iNOS in microglia. The mechanistic study indicated that ß-PAE could promote the nuclear expression of Sirt1/Nrf2 and enhance cytoplasmic HO-1 expression. Furthermore, i.c.v administration of ß-PAE decreased the expression of serum cytokines and apoptosis in the spleen, thus leading to an improved 7-day survival of septic mice. Finally, blockade of Nrf2 activation with ML385 largely mitigated the protective effects of ß-PAE on the cognitive function, neuroinflammation and survival in SAE mice. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that ß-PAE significantly altered sepsis induced neuroinflammation and microglia activation, thus reversed the cognitive decline and improved the peripheral immune function. The neuroprotective effects were possibly mediated by the activation of Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ß-PAE might serve as a promising therapeutic agent for SAE prevention and treatment.

A Look into the Future of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and Third Space Endoscopy: The Role for Robotics and Other Innovation.

Endoscopic resection has been widely applied especially in endoscopic submucosal dissection and third space endoscopy (TSE). Flexible endoluminal robotics allow performance of endoscopic submucosal dissection with exposure of the submucosal plane for precise dissection using two robotic arms. The introduction of TSE revolutionized the horizon of therapeutic endoscopy to the submucosal space beneath and beyond the mucosa. Advantages of TSE include avoidance of full thickness incision in gastrointestinal tract through the submucosal tunneling for performance of peroral endoscopic myotomy and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection. In future, robotic-driven devices should be developed to enhance performance of complex endoluminal procedures and TSE.

Effect of long-term acid attack on impermeability and microstructure of compacted cement-bound soils.

Compacted cement-bound soils (CCS) are widely used as leakage barriers around solid waste landfills and contaminated sites. However, a study of its long-term reliability in an acidic environment is relatively scarce. A 3-year-long experimental study on the changes in permeability coefficient and microstructure of CCS under acid attack was conducted, from which the following conclusions can be drawn: the permeability coefficient of CCS under weak acid (pH = 5.00) attack decreased progressively with time, from 4.90 × 10-8 cm/s at the beginning to 6.70 × 10-10 cm/s after 3 years. Under strongly acidic environments with pH values of 2.65 and 3.65, the permeability coefficients of CCS initially decreased and then increased with time, reaching 6.70 × 10-5 and 9.37 × 10-8 cm/s, respectively. The degradation effect of a weak acid (pH = 5.00) on the hydration products of cement was mild as a large amount of hydration products (e.g. C-S-H shaped in short fibrous) remained in the pores of CCS after 3 years of immersion. However, strong acid caused an obvious degradation effect on the hydration products, which almost disappeared after 3 years of immersion. Based on the study data, a unified mathematical model was developed to correlate the permeability coefficient of CCS, immersion time and acidic solution pH value. Furthermore, a quantitative expression function between the service life of CCS and solution pH value was established.

OsSHMT4 Is Required for Synthesis of Rice Storage Protein and Storage Organelle Formation in Endosperm Cells.

Storage proteins are essential for seed germination and seedling growth, as they provide an indispensable nitrogen source and energy. Our previous report highlighted the defective endosperm development in the serine hydroxymethyltransferase 4 (OsSHMT4) gene mutant, floury endosperm20-1 (flo20-1). However, the alterations in storage protein content and distribution within the flo20-1 endosperm remained unclear. Here, the immunocytochemistry analyses revealed a deficiency in storage protein accumulation in flo20-1. Electron microscopic observation uncovered abnormal morphological structures in protein bodies (PBI and PBII) in flo20-1. Immunofluorescence labeling demonstrated that aberrant prolamin composition could lead to the subsequent formation and deposition of atypical structures in protein body I (PBI), and decreased levels of glutelins and globulin resulted in protein body II (PBII) malformation. Further RNA-seq data combined with qRT-PCR results indicated that altered transcription levels of storage protein structural genes were responsible for the abnormal synthesis and accumulation of storage protein, which further led to non-concentric ring structural PBIs and amorphous PBIIs. Collectively, our findings further underscored that OsSHMT4 is required for the synthesis and accumulation of storage proteins and storage organelle formation in endosperm cells.

Education and development of rehabilitation therapy in China under the background of aging.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about one-third of people worldwide currently have a need for rehabilitation. This demand is expected to increase in the coming years due to changes in population health and characteristics. For example, with the intensification of global aging, the rehabilitation needs of patients with chronic diseases and disabilities, postoperative dysfunction, and cognitive impairment continue to grow, and emergencies such as conflicts, disasters, and epidemics may lead to a surge in rehabilitation needs. Early and sustained rehabilitation could reduce complications, improve function, and reduce disability in affected populations, but rehabilitation services are often underestimated due to underfunding and poor short-term outcomes. WHO sees rehabilitation as an essential part of achieving universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. With the development of China's economy and society and the trend of an aging population, the demand for rehabilitation therapists is growing rapidly. Since the development of rehabilitation education in China at the beginning of this century, great progress has been made in both the training mode and the number of people trained, especially in the construction of higher education of rehabilitation in related colleges and universities. Through descriptive qualitative analysis, this study collected information from national policy documents and official websites of colleges and universities on policies concerning degree systems, cultivating goals and ideas, courses, education internationalization, continuing education in practice, standardized training after graduation, the number of colleges and universities with rehabilitation therapy related majors in China, and summarizes the current situation of the development of rehabilitation personnel education in Chinese colleges and universities. Judging from the results, during the development of rehabilitation education, China has continuously improved in terms of policy support, educational goals and concepts, the number and quality of institutions, degree systems, and internationalization, while gradually adapting to China's development status. This also provides direction and feasible suggestions for China to improve the rehabilitation education development system and formulate a national rehabilitation education plan in the future to deal with the challenge of aging.

Intergenerational Transmission of Obesity: Role of Education and Income.

Based on the sixth round of the 2018 Chinese Household Income Project family income survey (CHIP) data, this study made use of the OLS estimation and transfer matrix method to measure and test the problem of obesity intergenerational transmission, analyze whether there is obesity intergenerational transmission as well as between urban and rural areas, gender, and the parental education level and income level on the suppression of the obesity intergenerational transmission effect. The empirical results draw the following main conclusions: obesity intergenerational transmission in Chinese families, the degree of parental obesity has a significant positive impact on the degree of offspring obesity; the higher the degree of parental obesity, the more it can promote the degree of obesity in the offspring. Moreover, the degree of obesity intergenerational transmission is heterogeneous in urban and rural areas and gender. At the same time, the degree of rural obesity intergenerational transmission is higher than that of urban areas, and the degree of male obesity intergenerational transmission is higher than that of women.

The relationship between physical activity and trait anxiety in college students: The mediating role of executive function.

Objectives: Aimed to analyze the mediating effect of executive function between physical activity level and trait anxiety in college students. Methods: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Stroop task, 1-back task, and More-odd shifting task were used to analyze 248 college students. Results: Trait anxiety were significantly correlated with shifting function (r = 0.182, P = 0.004) and inhibition function (r = 0.163, P = 0.010) and not with working memory (r = 0.056, P = 0.385). Vigorous physical activity (VPA) was most highly correlated with inhibition function (Beta = -0.144, P = 0.024) and working memory (Beta = -0.208, P = 0.001), and light physical activity (LPA) was most highly correlated with shifting function (Beta = -0.211, P = 0.001). Physical activity had a 72.31% association with trait anxiety (B = -0.195), with 11.79% mediated by inhibition function (B = -0.023) and 15.90% by shifting function (B = -0.031). Conclusion: College students' physical activity promotes both inhibition and shifting functions, which in turn affect trait anxiety. VPA had a direct effect, while the effect of moderate physical activity (MPA) and LPA was completely mediated exclusively through executive functions, and the mediating effect of shifting function was the highest. It is recommended that college workers should motivate students with high trait anxiety to engage in more VPA and pay attention to changes in their inhibition and shifting functions.

TRIM16 exerts protective function on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through reducing pyroptosis and inflammation via NLRP3 signaling.

Myocardial infarction is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. In the study, we attempted to explore the effects of E3 ligase tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury in vivo and in vitro, and the underlying mechanisms. We identified that TRIM16 was indeed a potent regulator during MI/R progression in murine models and surprisingly showed a negative correlation with the concentrations of cardiac pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adenoviral vectors encoding GFP or TRIM16 (Ad-TRIM16) were subjected to mice through direct injection into the left ventricular (LV). We found that Ad-TRIM16 significantly reduced the infarct size, and improved the cardiac function and structure compared with the Ad-GFP mice after MI/R operation. More studies indicated that TRIM16 over-expression strongly meliorated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and associated inflammatory response in hearts of MI/R-induced mice, which were validated in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-exposed primary cardiomyocytes in vitro. In particular, MI/R operation led to cardiac pyroptosis by increasing the cleavage of Caspase-1 and Gasdermin D (GSDMD), while being considerably abrogated upon TRIM16 over-expression. Mechanistically, TRIM16 interacted with NLRP3 and promoted the K48-linked polyubiquitination of NLRP3, ultimately promoted its degradation. Together, we identified TRIM16 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase for NLRP3, which played an essential role in modulating its expression, and subsequently influenced inflammatory response and pyroptosis in MI/R murine model, confirming that TRIM16 may be a potential therapeutic target for myocardial infarction.