Total and regional body composition are related with aerobic fitness performance in elite futsal players.

Body composition (i.e., fat and lean mass profile) has been related to aerobic performance, an essential capacity for futsal athletes. The present study aimed to verify the relationship between total and regional body composition (percentage of fat and lean mass) with aerobic performance in elite futsal players. Male professional futsal athletes (n = 44) from two Brazilian National Futsal League teams and athletes representing the National team participated in this study. Body composition was evaluated using DXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) and aerobic fitness by ergospirometry. There was a negative (p < 0.05) correlation between maximum oxygen uptake and maximal velocity reached with total body (r = -0.53; r = -0.58), trunk (r = -0.52; r = -0.56) and lower-limb (r = -0.46; r = -0.55) fat mass percentage. Lower-limb lean mass percentage had a positive (p < 0.05) correlation with maximum oxygen uptake (r = 0.46) and maximal velocity (r = 0.55). In conclusion, total and regional body composition present a relationship with aerobic performance in professional futsal players.

Cardiometabolic effects of early v. delayed time-restricted eating plus energetic restriction in adults with overweight and obesity: an exploratory randomised clinical trial.

This exploratory study investigated the effects of early v. delayed time-restricted eating (TRE) plus caloric restriction (CR) on body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in adults with overweight and obesity. Adults (20-40 years) were randomised to one of three groups for 8 weeks: early time-restricted eating (eTRE; 08.00-16.00) plus CR, delayed time-restricted eating (dTRE; 12.00-20.00) plus CR or only CR (CR; 08.00-20.00). All groups were prescribed a 25 % energy deficit relative to daily energy requirements. Thirteen participants completed the study in the eTRE and CR groups and eleven in the dTRE group (n 37). After the interventions, there was no significant difference between the three groups for any of the outcomes. Compared with baseline, significant decreases were observed in the body weight (eTRE group: -4·2 kg; 95 % CI, -5·6, -2·7; dTRE group: -4·8 kg; 95 % CI, -5·9, -3·7; CR: -4·0 kg; 95 % CI, -5·9, -2·1), fat mass (eTRE group: -2·9 kg; 95 % CI, -3·9, -1·9; dTRE group: -3·6 kg; 95 % CI, -4·6, -2·5; CR: -3·1 kg; 95 % CI, -4·3, -1·8) and fasting glucose levels (eTRE group: -4 mg/dl; 95 % CI, -8, -1; dTRE group: -2 mg/dl; 95 % CI, -8, 3; CR: -3 mg/dl; 95 % CI, -8, 2). In a free-living setting, TRE with a energetic deficit, regardless of the time of day, promotes similar benefits in weight loss, body composition and cardiometabolic parameters. However, given the exploratory nature of our study, further investigation is needed to confirm these findings.

Chronic aerobic exercise prevents high-fructose diet-induced impairment in blood pressure in healthy young adults: a double-blind, randomised clinical trial.

The purpose of the study was to verify the effect of 4 weeks of a high-fructose diet (HFD) associated with aerobic training on the risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Twenty-one young adults were randomised into three groups: HFD (HFD: 1 g/kg body weight of fructose/day), high-glucose diet (HGD: 1 g/kg body weight of glucose/day) and high-fructose diet and exercise (HFDE: 1 g/kg body weight of fructose/day + 3 weekly 60-minute sessions of aerobic exercise). Before and after the 4 weeks of the intervention, blood samples were taken and flow-mediated dilatation, insulin resistance index, pancreatic beta cell functional capacity index, insulin sensitivity index and 24-h blood pressure were evaluated. HFD showed an increase in uric acid concentrations (P = 0·040), and HGD and HFDE groups showed no changes in this outcome between pre- and post-intervention; however, the HFDE group showed increased uric acid concentrations from the middle to the end of the intervention (P = 0·013). In addition, the HFD group showed increases in nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0·022) and nocturnal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0·009). The HGD group exhibited decreases in nocturnal SBP (P = 0·028) and nocturnal DBP (P = 0·031), and the HFDE group showed a decrease in 24-h SBP (P = 0·018). The consumption of 1 g/kg of fructose per day may increase uric acid concentrations and blood pressure in adults. Additionally, aerobic exercises along with fructose consumption attenuate changes in uric acid concentrations and prevent impairment in nocturnal blood pressure.

The Impact of Dehydration and Hyperthermia on Circulatory Glutathione Metabolism after Exercise in the Heat with Insights into the Role of Erythrocytes.

BACKGROUND: Reduced glutathione (GSH) is one of the main thiols involved in antioxidant defense. Changes in circulatory levels of GSH during exercise are associated with hyperthermia and dehydration. The mechanisms by which these alterations occur are not entirely known. We hypothesize that erythrocytes could be an important source of circulatory GSH during heat stress conditions. We performed two separate experiments to address this hypothesis. METHODS: In the first experiment, we sought to investigate the impact of exercise in the heat and dehydration on erythrocyte levels of GSH. A total of 10 men performed 60 min of cycling at 60% VO2peak in the heat (38.0 ± 0.9 °C) or in a control temperate environment (23.0 ± 1.0 °C), both with and without dehydration. Relative humidity ranged from 50 to 70%. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise to measure GSH and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. In the second experiment, erythrocytes were isolated from blood samples taken at rest and heated in vitro to determine the impact of heat on erythrocyte glutathione content. Tubes with erythrocytes were exposed to water baths at different temperatures; one tube was exposed to a water bath at 35 °C and the other tube to a water bath at 41 °C for a period of 30 min. After exposure to heat, plasma and erythrocytes were extracted for GSH and GSSG analyses. RESULTS: Dehydration decreased circulatory GSH, regardless of ambient temperature (temperate and heat decreased 15.35% and 30.31%, respectively), resulting in an altered redox balance. Heat increased GSH levels in vitro. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that dehydration decreases circulatory GSH levels regardless of environmental temperature. In addition, in vitro data suggests that erythrocytes may contribute to the release of GSH during exposure to heat stress.

Effects of dancing on physical activity levels of children and adolescents: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Dancing has been suggested to increase the levels of physical activity of the youth. However, it is not clear what are the physiological characteristics of the dance classes for young people, mainly regarding the levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during classes. It is also unclear if regular engagement in dance practices can contribute with increases in the amounts of daily/weekly MVPA, recommended by health organizations. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review verifying the amount of time spent at MVPA (primary outcome), by children and adolescents in the following situations: i) During dance classes, and ii) Before and after dance interventions. Secondary outcomes included: markers of exercise intensity during class, such as oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR); VO2peak and lipid profile before and after dance interventions. METHODS: Six data sources were accessed (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Wiley, PEDRO and SCOPUS). Study selection included different designs (acute, cohort, randomized controlled trials and others). Participants were from 6 to 19 years old, regularly engaged in dance practices. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Two independent reviewers extracted characteristics and results of each study. RESULTS: 3216 articles were retrieved, and 37 included. Studies indicated that dance classes do not achieve 50% of total class time at MVPA. However, there are peaks of HR and VO2 during dance classes, which reach moderate and vigorous intensities. MVPA/daily/weekly did not improve before and after dance interventions for most of the studies, also VO2peak did not. The few results on lipid profile showed improvements only in overweight and obese participants. LIMITATIONS: Lack of meta-analysis, because there were not enough articles to be analyzed on any given outcome of interest, neither under the same study design. CONCLUSIONS: Results of individual studies indicated that dance classes did not active 50% of the total time at MVPA levels. This may be related to the absence of improvements in daily/weekly MVPA before and after dance interventions. VO2 and HR attained peaks of moderateto vigorous intensity during dance classes, suggesting that the structure of the classes may be manipulated to maintain longer periods at MVPA levels. Lack of data on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic outcomes limit conclusions on these parameters. IMPLICATIONS OF KEYS FINDS: Considering there are peaks of HR and VO2 during dance classes, we suggest that the structure of a dance class can be manipulate in order to induce cardiorespiratory and metabolic adaptations. Thus, dancing is a potential strategy to contribute with a healthy life style since the earliest ages. Prospero registration: CRD42020144609.

Acute glycemic responses along 10-week high-intensity training protocols in type 1 diabetes patients.

Glycemic fluctuations were compared throughout 10-week high-intensity training protocols in T1DM patients. Differences were compared using the rate of change in glycaemia during exercise (RoCE). HIIT sessions led to lower RoCE in most weeks than other training protocols. The occurrence of level 1 hypoglycemia along sessions were similar among interventions.

Effects of dancing compared to walking on cardiovascular risk and functional capacity of older women: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Aging is characterized by reductions in lean mass simultaneously to increases in visceral adipose tissue, elevating cardiovascular risk (CVR) and physical dependence. Dancing has been recommended for improving fall-risk and CVR, however, comparisons with traditional exercises are limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of dancing with walking on CVR and functionality of older women. METHODS: Thirty sedentary women (65 ±â€¯5 years, BMI 27 ±â€¯4 kg/m2) were randomized into three groups (n = 10/group): dancing, walking or stretching (active control). All interventions lasted 8 weeks (60 min sessions): dancing/walking 3×/week, stretching 1×/week. Dancing: several styles, no partner. Walking: treadmill, 60% peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Stretching: large muscle groups, no discomfort. Before and after interventions assessments: VO2peak (primary outcome), total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, CRP, TNF-α, waist and hip circumferences, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), muscle thickness, maximal muscle strength/power, static and dynamic balance, gait ability, flexibility, chair-raise and level of physical activity (PA). STATISTICS: generalized estimating equations, post-hoc LSD (p < 0.05), SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: (Mean-CI): (before vs after): group vs time interaction showed increases in VO2peak (mL·kg-1·min-1) for dancing 23.3 (20.8-25.8) vs 25.6 (23.4-27.8), and walking 23.4 (21.3-25.5) vs 27.0 (25.4-28.6), with no differences for stretching 23.5 (21.3-25.7) vs 23.0 (21.0-24.9). Lower body muscle power and static balance also improved for dancing and walking, but not for stretching. Main time effect showed improvements in CRP, TNF-α, LDL-C, HDL-C, VAT, waist, hip, chair raise, flexibility and level of daily PA for all groups. CONCLUSION: Dancing induced similar increases in VO2peak, lower body muscle power and static balance as walking, while the stretching group remained unchanged. Pooled effects showed improvements in body composition, lipid and inflammatory profile, which are supported by increased PA levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03262714.

Capillary glycaemia responses to strength exercises performed before or after high-intensity interval exercise in Type 1 diabetes under real-life settings.

This study investigated the influence of performing strength exercises before or after high-intensity interval exercise on glycaemia during and postexercise in T1DM patients. Nine physically active adults with T1DM executed 30 min of strength exercises (SE) (3 sets at 10 RM) before 30 min of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) (10 × 60-s bout at ∼90% HRmax interspersed with 60 s recovery) (SE + HIIE) or performed the reverse order (HIIE + SE) or rested in this period. Capillary glucose levels were measured each 15 min during and 60 min postexercise recovery. Significant lower glucose levels were observed in SE + HIIE at 60, 75 and 90 min, in comparison with REST. HIIE + SE lowered glycaemia at 30, 45 and 60 min compared with baseline concentrations, while SE + HIIE postponed this glucose decayment to 60 min, when compared with baseline levels. An increased glycaemia at 105 min compared with end-exercise levels were also observed in HIIE + SE. Carbohydrates ingested during exercise to correct hypoglycemia, insulin dosage at same day before and after protocols, and nocturnal hypoglycemia episodes were similar among the three conditions. It is concluded that the performance of HIIE before SE decreases glycaemia already at the end of first exercise modality, while the reverse order postpones it to the end of second exercise, although HIIE + SE improves glycemic stability throughout recovery. T1DM patients who tend to develop exercise-associated hypoglycemia may perform strength exercises before high-intensity interval exercise in a single session.

Cardiorespiratory responses of a dance session designed for older women: A cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Dancing has been increasingly used as a type of exercise intervention to improve cardiovascular fitness of older people. However, it is unclear which may be the exercise intensity of the dance sessions. OBJECTIVE: To describe cardiorespiratory responses of a dance session for older women, and to identify intensity zones in relation to peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). METHODS: Ten women (66 ±â€¯5 yrs., BMI 27 ±â€¯4) were examined on three occasions: Familiarization, maximum effort and dance sessions. Incremental treadmill test: 5 km/h, 2% slope each min, until maximum effort. Dance class (60 min): warm-up (20 min), across-the-floor (10 min), choreography (15 min), show (10 min) and cool-down (5 min). Ventilatory parameters were measured continuously (breath-by-breath). RESULTS: VO2 (mL·kg-1·min-1): Maximum effort: VO2peak (23.3 ±â€¯4.3), VT1 (17.2 ±â€¯3.5) and VT2 (20.9 ±â€¯3.4). Dancing: warm-up (12.8 ±â€¯2.4, ~55%VO2peak), across-the-floor (14.2 ±â€¯2.4 ~62%VO2peak), choreography (14.6 ±â€¯3.2 ~63%VO2peak) and show (16.1 ±â€¯3.3, ~69% VO2peak). Show was similar to VT1. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiorespiratory demands of a dance class for older women are at low aerobic intensity. Show was similar to VT1, indicating that a dance class may be modulated to improve aerobic fitness, at least at initial stages of training.