RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play dual roles against viruses, including defense against the viruses and induction of the viral-related cancers. High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) play key roles in induction of HPV-related cancers. The molecules that are upregulated by the high-risk viruses can be considered as the candidate to induce the cancers. This project was designed to evaluate expression of TLR1-9 in the women infected with HPV-high risk genotypes. METHODS: This project was performed on 40 women infected with high-risk HPV genotypes and 40 healthy controls. Infections with HPV-high risk genotypes and relative expressions of TLR1-9 were explored using real-time PCR technique. RESULTS: Relative expressions of TLR2, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 were significantly higher in the HPV-high risk genotype infected participants when compared to non-infected cases. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the results, it appears that TLR2, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 are more important than other TLRs in the pathogenesis of cancers in the Iranian women, who are infected with HPV-high risk genotypes.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Receptor Toll-Like 2 , Femenino , Humanos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Irán , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 1/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 1/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 2/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 2/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 5/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 5/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 7/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 7/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 9/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 9/metabolismo , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Immune system plays dual roles during human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, from defense against the virus to induction or stimulation of the HPV-related cancers. It appears that various differences within the immune-related genes and the functions of the immunological parameters of the patients are the main factors responsible for the roles played by immune system during HPV infections. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the recognition of viruses and activation of immune responses. The molecules also can alter the target cell intracellular signaling and may participate in the transformation of the infected cells. TLR9 is the unique intracellular member of TLRs that recognize foreign DNA, including viral DNA. Thus, TLR9 may play significant roles in the defense against HPV and its related cancers. This review article discusses TLR9 antiviral and pathological roles during HPV infection.
RESUMEN
IL-17A is a cytokine which is produced by several immune and non-immune cells. The cytokine plays dual roles from protection from microbes and protection from pro-inflammatory based diseases to induction of the pro-inflammatory based diseases. The main mechanisms which lead to the controversial roles of IL-17A are yet to be clarified. Gut microbiota (GM) are the resident probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts which have been introduced as a plausible regulator of IL-17A production and functions. This review article describes the recent information regarding the roles played by GM in determination of IL-17A functions outcome.
Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Interleucina-17/fisiología , Animales , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/etiología , Defensinas/biosíntesis , Humanos , Interleucina-17/química , Interleucina-17/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) loaded by various active compounds can be used for targeted drug delivery. Objectives: In the present study, the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles that contained gentamicin were prepared and their antibacterial activities were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MNPs containing gentamicin (G@SA-MNPs) were prepared using sodium alginate (SA) as a surface modifier. After and before coating, the prepared MNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Finally, the antibacterial effect of the MNPs was investigated by a conventional serial agar dilution method. RESULTS: Particle size distribution analysis showed that the size of MNPs, before and after coating, was in the range of 1-18 nm and 12-40 nm, respectively. The magnetization curve of G@SA-MNPs (with saturation magnetization of 27.9 emu.g-1) confirmed ferromagnetic property. Loading gentamicin on the surface of MNPs was qualitatively verified by FTIR spectrum. Quantitative analysis measurements indicated the gentamicin loading on SA-MNPs as 56.7 ± 5.4%. The measured MICs of G@SA-MNPs for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PTTC 1574) was 1.28 µg.mL-1. The sub-MIC (0.64 µg.mL-1) concentration of G@SA-MNPs in nutrient broth could successfully inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa for 14 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Loading gentamicin on the SA-MNPs exhibited reasonable antibacterial effects against P. aeruginosa.