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OBJECTIVES: Early prevention strategies are needed to mitigate the high risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Residential neighbourhood features can promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and reduce cardiovascular risk, but less is known about their role in lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D, and no studies used comparisons to healthy controls. METHODS: We examined associations between residential neighbourhood features and lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D and healthy controls. Data were analyzed from the CARdiovascular Disease risk factors in pEdiatric type 1 diAbetes (CARDEA) study, a cross-sectional investigation of 100 adolescents with T1D (14 to 18 years) from a pediatric diabetes clinic in Montréal, Canada, and 97 healthy controls. Outcomes included physical activity and sedentary behaviour (accelerometry), screen time and sleep duration (questionnaires), and dietary habits (24-hour recalls). Cluster analysis of selected neighbourhood indicators computed for participants' postal codes resulted in 2 neighbourhood types: central urban and peri-urban. Central urban neighbourhoods were characterized by very high population density, high active living index, numerous points of interest, higher social deprivation, higher residential mobility, and lower median household income compared with peri-urban neighbourhoods. Associations of neighbourhood type with lifestyle behaviours were estimated with multiple linear regressions and interactions by T1D status were tested. RESULTS: Living in central urban neighbourhoods was associated with greater daily minutes of moderate-to-vigourous physical activity (beta = 8.61, 95% confidence interval 1.79 to 15.44) compared with living in peri-urban neighbourhoods. No associations were observed for other lifestyle behaviours, and no statistically significant interactions were found between neighbourhood type and T1D status. CONCLUSION: Features that characterize central urban built environments appear to promote physical activity in adolescents, regardless of T1D status.
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OBJECTIVE: To estimate associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviors and early markers of cardiovascular diseases in adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional data stem from the CARdiovascular Disease risk in pEdiatric type 1 diAbetes (CARDEA) study, a study investigating early cardiovascular disease development in 100 adolescents with type 1 diabetes recruited at Sainte-Justine University Hospital Diabetes Clinic and 97 healthy adolescents without diabetes (14-18 years), in Montreal, Canada. Outcomes included arterial stiffness by pulse-wave velocity, endothelial function (velocity time integral) by flow-mediated dilation test, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging markers. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were estimated by accelerometry and leisure screen time by questionnaire. We estimated multivariable linear regression models stratified by group. RESULTS: In adolescents with type 1 diabetes, 10-minutes daily increase in MVPA was associated with 3.69 g/m (95% CI: -1.16; 8.54) higher left ventricular (LV) mass/height and 1-hour increase in device-measured sedentary time with 0.68 mm (0.20; 1.16) higher wall thickness but only in those with glycated hemoglobin ≤7.5%. In healthy adolescents, a 10-minute increase in MVPA was associated with 1.32 g/m (-0.03; 2.66) higher LV mass/height. Every 1-hour increase in sedentary time was associated with -1.82 cm (-3.25; -0.39) lower velocity time integral, -2.99 g/m (-5.03; -0.95) lower LV mass/height, and -0.47 mm (-0.82; -0.12) lower wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Being active and limiting sedentary time appears beneficial for cardiac structure and endothelial function in healthy adolescents; however, adequate glycemic control combined with higher levels of MVPA may be required for adolescents with type 1 diabetes to overcome the impact of diabetes.
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Background and aim: Gut microbiota influences energy homeostasis in part through circulating hormones. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is a biomarker whose increase in systemic circulation is associated with positive effects on body weight and metabolism. In a recent clinical trial, probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation showed positive effects on eating behaviors and insulin resistance in overweight participants undergoing a weight-loss intervention. In this context, this ancillary study aimed at assessing the impact of L. rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation on plasma IGFBP-2 levels in these individuals, and whether this modulation correlated with changes in fat mass, energy metabolism, and eating behaviors. Methods: Fasting plasma IGFBP-2 concentrations were quantified in 100 overweight or obese men and women enrolled in a 12-week diet-based weight reduction program (-500 kcal/day), in combination with probiotic L. rhamnosus HA-114 or placebo supplementation. Baseline and changes in circulating IGFBP-2 concentrations were correlated with anthropometric parameter, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiorespiratory function and eating behaviors. Results: On average, the intervention reduced BMI by 4.6 % and increased IGFBP-2 by 13 %, regardless of supplementation group. Individuals who presented an increase in IGFBP-2 levels had significantly greater reductions in BMI. Changes in IGFBP-2 levels were correlated with loss in fat mass (r = 0.2, p < 0.001) in the probiotic-supplemented group, but not with other metabolic parameters or eating behaviors. Baseline IGFBP-2 levels were not associated with weight loss or improvements in cardiometabolic parameters. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation with L. rhamnosus HA-114 did not modulate plasma IGFBP-2 levels. Changes in IGFBP-2 levels were correlated with greater reductions in BMI, but not with other metabolic parameters or eating behaviors, indicating that the benefits of HA-114 on eating behaviors are likely independent of IGFBP-2. Additional changes in microbiota might be required to modulate IGFBP-2 and observe its associations with eating behaviors and cardiometabolic improvements.
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BACKGROUND: Healthy eating habits at a young age are crucial to support growth and development and good general health. In this context, monitoring youth dietary intakes adequately with valid tools is important to develop efficient interventions and identify groups that are more at risk of inadequate intakes. This study aimed to assess the relative validity of the self-administered web-based 24-h dietary recall (R24W) for evaluating energy and nutrient intakes among active adolescents. METHODS: Participants were invited to complete one interviewer-administered 24-h dietary dietary recall and the R24W on up to three occasions within one month. A total of 272 French-speaking active adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from the province of Québec were invited to complete three R24W and one interview-administered 24-h recall. Student's t-test and correlations were conducted on sex-adjusted data. Percent differences, cross-classification (percentage of agreement), weighted Kappa and Bland-Altman plots were calculated. RESULTS: Mean (SD) energy intake from the R24W was 8.8% higher than from the interview-administered 24-h dietary recall (2558 kcal ± 1128 vs. 2444 kcal ± 998, p < 0.05). Significant differences in mean nutrient intake between the R24W and the interview-administered 24-h dietary recall ranged from 6.5% for % E from fat (p < 0.05) to 25.2% for saturated fat (p < 0.001), i.e., higher values with R24W. Sex-adjusted correlations were significant for all nutrients except for % E from proteins and thiamin (range: 0.24 to 0.52, p < 0.01). Cross-classification demonstrated that 36.6% of the participants were classified in the same fourth with both methods, 39.6% in the adjacent fourth, and 5.7% misclassified. Bland-Atman plots revealed proportional bias between the two methods for 7/25 nutrients. Completing at least two recalls with the R24W increased the precision of intake estimates. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the R24W presents an acceptable relative validity compared to a standard interview-administered 24-h recall for estimating energy and most nutrients in a cohort of French-speaking adolescents from the province of Québec.
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Ingestión de Energía , Internet , Recuerdo Mental , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Quebec , Niño , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Dieta/métodos , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas sobre Dietas/métodos , Evaluación Nutricional , Conducta Alimentaria , Registros de DietaRESUMEN
Purpose: Major changes were made to Canada's Food Guide (CFG) in 2019. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of older adults toward this newest version.Methods: Older adults were invited to participate via newsletters sent to older adults and retirees' organizations in the Province of Quebec. Participants completed an online survey about their baseline familiarity with the 2019 CFG using a 5-point Likert scale and took part in an individual semi-structured online interview, which explored their perceptions toward the 2019 CFG. A thematic qualitative analysis of the interview transcripts was performed.Results: Fifty-eight older adults (>65 years, 30 women, 28 men, including 19 consumers and 39 non-consumers of plant-based protein (PBP) foods) participated in the study. Older adults were mostly familiar with the 2019 CFG and had a positive perception of its features. They appreciated the design, proposed recipes, and healthy eating recommendations. Perceptions about the three food groups were mixed, mainly regarding the decreased emphasis on dairy products. Some appreciated that animal proteins were less prominent, while others raised issues on how to integrate PBP into their diet. Perceptions appeared to be influenced by sex and PBP consumption.Conclusion: Older adults in the Province of Quebec view most of the 2019 CFG recommendations positively. Our observations may be useful to dietitians and public health practitioners when developing strategies to improve adherence.
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Dieta Saludable , Política Nutricional , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Anciano , Femenino , Masculino , Quebec , Dieta Saludable/psicología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Canadá , Percepción , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Productos Lácteos , Dieta , Proteínas de Vegetales ComestiblesRESUMEN
Sodium plays a key role in the regulation of water balance and is also important in food formulation due to its contribution to the taste and use in the preservation of many foods. Excessive intake of any essential nutrient is problematic and this seems to be particularly the case for sodium since a high intake makes it the nutrient most strongly associated with mortality. Sodium intake has been the object of recommendations by public health agencies such as the WHO and this has resulted in efforts by the food industry to reduce the sodium content of packaged foods, although there is still room for improvement. The recent literature also emphasizes the need for other strategies, e.g., regulations and education, to promote adequate sodium intake. In the present paper, we also describe the potential benefits of a global healthy lifestyle that considers healthy eating but also physical activity habits that improve body functionality and may help to attenuate the detrimental effects of high sodium intake on body composition and cardiometabolic health. In conclusion, a reduction in sodium intake, an improvement in body functioning, and educational interventions promoting healthy eating behaviours seem to be essential for the optimal regulation of sodium balance.
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Manipulación de Alimentos , Sodio en la Dieta , Humanos , Sodio en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Estilo de Vida SaludableRESUMEN
The aims of this study were to compare, between pregnant individuals with and without bariatric surgery: (1) eating behaviors, (2) intuitive eating components and, (3) attitudes towards weight gain. This retrospective study included data collected in healthy pregnant individuals with and without previous bariatric surgery who were recruited at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval. Pregnant individuals who underwent bariatric surgery (biliopancreatic bypass with duodenal switch [n = 14] or sleeve gastrectomy [n = 5]) were individually matched, for age (±0.4 years) and body mass index (BMI) (±0.3 kg/m2), with pregnant individuals who have not received bariatric surgery. In the second trimester, participants completed the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Intuitive Eating Scale 2 (IES-2). In the third trimester, participants completed the French version of the Pregnancy Weight Gain Attitude Scale assessing attitudes towards weight gain. Pregnant individuals who have had bariatric surgery had a higher score for flexible restraint and a lower score for situational susceptibility to disinhibition compared to individuals who have not had undergone bariatric surgery (2.89 ± 1.15 vs. 1.95 ± 1.31; p = 0.04 and 1.11 ± 1.29 vs. 2.79 ± 1.44, respectively; p < 0.001). Regarding intuitive eating, pregnant individuals who experienced bariatric surgery had a higher score for reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues and a lower one for unconditional permission to eat compared with those who had not experienced bariatric surgery (3.99 ± 0.81 vs. 3.30 ± 1.03; p = 0.02 and 3.28 ± 0.54 vs. 3.61 ± 0.68, respectively; p = 0.03). No difference in attitudes towards weight gain was observed between groups. Overall, pregnant individuals who had undergone bariatric surgery had different eating behaviors and intuitive eating components compared to pregnant individuals without bariatric surgery. These results need to be confirmed in further studies with larger sample sizes.
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Growing numbers of researchers have investigated how training programmes influence coaches' and teachers' ability to promote life skills development, and concurrently, athlete-related outcomes. This study aimed to examine high school student-athletes' development of life skills through a three-year programme called Winner for Life (Gagnant pour la vie). Delivered online to high school coaches and teachers, the programme targeted five life skills: (a) Goal Setting and Concentration (Year 1), (b) Healthy Eating Habits and Safety Behaviours (Year 2), and Physical and Mental Recovery (Year 3). In all, 148 student-athletes participated in the programme and completed questionnaires at five time points to assess life skills development. A general linear repeated measures model was used to assess changes over time. Missing data were handled using multiple imputations. Student-athletes reported higher scores on Goal Setting subscale at time 2 (vs. time 1) and time 3 (vs. time 2) and on Social Recovery subscale at time 2 (vs. time 1). They also reported lower scores on Sleep Quality subscale at time 3 (vs. time 2) and time 5 (vs. time 4). Additionally, a significant interaction was observed between student-athletes' age (mean = 13.5 years) at study start, and improvements on certain life skills subscales over time. Overall, the fact that student-athletes did not improve on all life skills could be explained by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, which limited the programme's influence from time 3. Results should be considered in light of limitations regarding gender distribution and ceiling effects on student-athletes' scores. Recommendations to improve future life skills programmes are discussed, such as involving parents in delivery and encouraging life skills teaching over time.
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Personal Docente , Pandemias , Humanos , Adolescente , Atletas , Estudiantes , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations of childhood physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary intake with adiposity trajectories from childhood to adolescence. Methods: Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort (n = 630) data from 3 time points (8-10, 10-12, and 15-17 years) for 377 Caucasian children with parental obesity were analyzed. Height and weight, physical activity and sedentary behavior (7-day accelerometry), screen time (self-reported), and dietary intake (three 24-hour diet recalls) were measured. Group-based trajectory modeling identified longitudinal trajectories of body-mass index z-scores (zBMIs). Inverse probability of exposure-weighted multinomial logistic regressions examined associations between baseline lifestyles and zBMI trajectory groups. Results: Six trajectory groups were identified: Stable-Low-Normal-Weight (two groups, 5.7% and 33.0%, which were combined), Stable-High-Normal-Weight (24.8%), Stable-Overweight (19.8%), Stable-Obesity (8.8%), and Overweight-Decreasers (7.9%). For every additional portion of fruits and vegetables, the likelihood of being in the group of Overweight-Decreasers increased by 29% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.55) compared with the reference group (Stable-Low-Normal-Weight). For every additional hour of sedentary behavior, the likelihood of belonging to the group of Overweight-Decreasers increased 2-fold (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.28-3.21) and Stable-Obesity increased 1.5-fold (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.08-2.23), compared with the reference. Every additional 10 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a lower likelihood of belonging to the Stable-Obesity group (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.89) and to the group of Overweight-Decreasers (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.95) compared with the reference. Finally, children were more likely to belong to the Stable-Obesity group with each additional hour/day of screen time (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01-1.58). Conclusions: Trajectories of zBMIs from childhood to late adolescence were stable, except for one group which decreased from overweight in childhood to normal weight in adolescence. The latter had more favorable baseline dietary intake of fruits and vegetables. ClinicalTrials.org no. NCT03356262.
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Adiposidad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Ejercicio Físico , Obesidad Infantil , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Quebec/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Adiposidad/fisiología , Estilo de Vida , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Longitudinales , Tiempo de PantallaRESUMEN
We aimed to evaluate the impact of a web-based school nutrition intervention on eating behavior traits, body weight concern, body size perception and body size dissatisfaction in adolescents. Ten classes of secondary students in Canada (13.6 ± 0.8 years) were randomized into an intervention (n = 162 students) or control group (n = 75 students). Adolescents in the intervention, conducted between 2011 and 2013, participated in an online nutrition challenge to increase their consumption of vegetables, fruits and dairy products using a web-based platform over six weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline (PRE) and post-intervention (POST). No significant negative changes were observed between the intervention and control groups for eating behavior traits, body weight concern, body size perception and dissatisfaction. However, results suggest a trend for a positive effect of the intervention on susceptibility to hunger in boys (group × time interaction, p = 0.10). Specifically, boys experienced a reduction in their susceptibility to hunger in response to the intervention (PRE: 6.1 ± 3.8, POST: 4.8 ± 3.7, p = 0.009). An intervention aimed at improving the eating habits of adolescents did not negatively influence body size preoccupations. In response to the intervention, boys tended to show a lower susceptibility to hunger, which might help them to prevent overeating and adopt healthy eating habits.
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PURPOSE: Half of adolescents are trying to change their weight and body-related self-conscious emotions may influence these intentions. We estimated associations between body-related shame, guilt, embarrassment, envy, authentic pride, and hubristic pride and weight control status (trying to maintain, lose, or gain weight) throughout adolescence in girls and boys. METHODS: Six annual cycles of self-administered questionnaires were collected from age 12-17 in the Monitoring Activities of Teenagers to Comprehend their Habits (MATCH) study (n = 776). Average associations over all cycles were estimated with generalized estimating equations to describe the relationship between emotions (predictors) and weight control status (outcome). To explore the impact of changes in emotions on weight control status, fixed effects logistic regressions were used. Separate models were conducted for each emotion and for boys and girls. RESULTS: On average, boys and girls with higher scores for negative emotions (shame, guilt, embarrassment and, exclusively among girls, envy) had higher odds of trying to lose weight. Higher scores for positive emotions (authentic and hubristic pride) were associated with lower odds of trying to lose weight among girls. Higher scores for authentic pride were associated with trying to gain weight among boys. Girls with increases in any of the negative emotions presented higher odds of trying to lose weight. Girls with increases in hubristic pride had increased odds of trying to maintain weight. DISCUSSION: Body-related self-conscious emotions may be promising healthy-weight intervention targets as they represent important predictors of weight control status, particularly in girls.
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Emociones , Autoimagen , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Humanos , Niño , Culpa , Vergüenza , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
While physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviors are almost always considered independently, they should be considered as integrated human behaviors. The 24 h Movement approach proposes a concomitant consideration of these behaviors to promote overall health. Not only do these behaviors impact energy expenditure, but they have also been shown to separately impact energy intake, which should be further explored when considering the entire integration of these movement behaviors under the 24 h movement approach. After an evaluation of the prevalence of meeting the 24 h Movement and dietary recommendations, this review summarizes the available evidence (using English publications indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE) regarding the association between the 24 h Movement Guidelines and eating habits. Altogether, the results clearly show the beneficial impact of promoting the 24 h guidelines simultaneously, highlighting that the higher the number of respected movement recommendations, the better eating behaviors in both children and adults. Importantly, our results point out the importance of emphasizing the need to reach sedentary guidelines for better eating habits. Movement and dietary behaviors appear closely related, and giving recommendations on one might impact the other. Combining the 24 h Movement with dietary Guidelines might be more efficient than promoting them separately in public health strategies.
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Ingestión de Energía , Conducta Alimentaria , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Metabolismo Energético , Ejercicio Físico , MEDLINERESUMEN
This secondary data analysis study aimed to examine the associations between 1) body size perception (BSP) and body size dissatisfaction (BSD) and 2) lifestyle behaviors and BSP and BSD in adolescents. The study pooled cross-sectional data from two studies (n = 301) performed in adolescents. Weight and height were measured, while lifestyle behaviors and perceived actual and desired body size variables were self-reported. Linear regression analysis assessed the contribution of sex and zBMI to BSP and BSD scores. Pearson's correlation explored associations between BSP and BSD. Cohen's effect sizes compared satisfied and dissatisfied adolescents within the underestimators subgroup. A positive association between BSP and BSD scores was observed among girls living with normal-weight and overweight/obesity only (r = 0.26; p ≤ 0.001 and r = 0.38; p < 0.05, respectively). Underestimators who were satisfied with their body size showed a moderate effect size for a lower zBMI, a small effect size for lower screen time, and higher sleep duration compared to dissatisfied underestimators. Underestimation was associated with more body size satisfaction in adolescent girls with normal weight and overweight/obesity, suggesting a protective effect of underestimation. These findings support the hypothesis that body size satisfaction and underestimation in adolescents is associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors.
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Introduction: Whether a late distribution of food intake impacts obesity through increased energy intake remains uncertain and the behavioural characterization of late eating needs to be further investigated. The first objective of this study was to assess the associations between late eating and body mass index (BMI) and total energy intake (TEI), and whether TEI mediates the association between late eating and BMI. The second objective was to assess the associations between late eating and eating behaviour traits or psychosocial factors and whether eating behaviour traits mediate the association between late eating and TEI. Methods: Baseline data from 301 individuals (56% women, age = 38.7 ± 8.5 years; BMI = 33.2 ± 3.4 kg/m2), who participated in four weight loss studies were used in this cross-sectional study. Total energy intake was assessed using a three-day food record from which the percentage of TEI after 17:00 and after 20:00 was calculated. Eating behaviour traits and psychosocial factors were assessed with questionnaires. Pearson correlations and mediation analyses adjusted for age, sex, underreporting of energy intake, sleep duration and bedtime were performed. Results: Percent TEI after 17:00 and after 20:00 were associated with TEI (r = 0.13, p = 0.03 for both), and TEI mediated the association between percent TEI after 17:00 and BMI (ß = 0.01 ± 0.01, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.02). Percent TEI after 17:00 was associated with disinhibition (r = 0.13, p = 0.03) and percent TEI after 20:00 was associated with susceptibility to hunger (r = 0.13, p = 0.03), stress (r = 0.24, p = 0.002) and anxiety (r = 0.28, p = 0.0004). In women, disinhibition mediated the association between percent TEI after 17:00 and TEI (ß = 3.41 ± 1.43, 95% CI: 0.92, 6.47). Susceptibility to hunger mediated the association between percent TEI after 20:00 and TEI (ß = 0.96 ± 0.59, 95% CI: 0.02, 2.34) in men and women. Conclusion: Late eating is associated with TEI and suboptimal eating behaviours which could contribute to explaining the association between timing of food intake and obesity.
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BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents have suboptimal physical activity and eating habits during summer breaks. Unlike the school setting, there is little evidence on interventions to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in Summer Day Camps (SDCs). METHODS: The aim of this scoping review was to examine physical activity, healthy eating, and sedentary behavior interventions in the SDCs. A systematic search on four platforms (EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science) was performed in May 2021 and was updated in June 2022. Studies related to promoting healthy behaviors, physical activity, sedentary behaviors and/or healthy eating among campers aged 6 to 16 in Summer Day Camps were retained. The protocol and writing of the scoping review were done according to the guidelines of the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR)". RESULTS: Most interventions had a positive effect on the behavioral determinants or the behaviors themselves (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviors, or healthy eating). Involving counsellors and parents, setting camp goals, gardening, and education are all relevant strategies in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors in SDCs. CONCLUSIONS: Since only one intervention directly targeted sedentary behaviors, it should strongly be considered for inclusion in future studies. In addition, more long-term and experimental studies are needed to establish cause-and-effect relationships between healthy behavior interventions in SDCs and behaviors of children and young adolescents.
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Ejercicio Físico , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Adolescente , Niño , Humanos , Dieta Saludable , Escolaridad , Conducta AlimentariaRESUMEN
Whether eating behaviour traits represent factors that could explain the susceptibility to overeating in individuals with low satiety responsiveness remain to be extensively examined. This study aimed to assess if eating behaviours mediate the association between satiety responsiveness and energy intake. Baseline data from individuals with overweight or obesity (n = 303; age = 38.7 ± 8.4 years; BMI = 33.2 ± 3.4 kg/m2, 56% women) who participated in four weight-loss studies were included in this cross-sectional study. Satiety responsiveness was determined by the satiety quotient (SQ) based on fullness sensations in response to a standardized breakfast. Energy intake was self-reported in a three-day food record and measured by an ad libitum buffet meal. Eating behaviours were assessed with questionnaires. Mediation analyses adjusted for age and sex, and for underreporting for the food record, were performed using a regression-based and bootstrapping approach. The association between SQ and self-reported total energy intake was mediated by susceptibility to hunger (ß = -2.51 ± 1.26, 95% CI, -5.38 to -0.52) and its subscales, internal and external locus of hunger (ß = -2.00 ± 1.10, 95% CI, -4.50 to -0.28 and ß = -2.42 ± 1.29, 95% CI, -5.30 to -0.30, respectively). Susceptibility to hunger (ß = -2.71 ± 1.13, 95% CI, -5.29 to -0.84), internal and external locus of hunger (ß = -1.84 ± 0.95, 95% CI -4.00 to -0.30 and ß = -3.42 ± 1.31, 95% CI, -6.39 to -1.24, respectively), cues that may trigger food cravings (ß = -5.43 ± 2.91, 95% CI, -11.83 to -0.44) and state-craving as a physiological state (ß = -4.31 ± 2.51, 95%CI, -10.14 to -0.44) also mediated the association between SQ and measured energy intake. These results suggest that susceptibility to hunger and food cravings partly explained the susceptibility to overeating among individuals with low satiety responsiveness. Interventions targeting susceptibility to hunger and food cravings may thus be helpful to prevent overeating among these individuals.
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Ingestión de Energía , Obesidad , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Conducta AlimentariaRESUMEN
Background: Gut microbiota has emerged as a modifiable factor influencing obesity and metabolic diseases. Interventions targeting this microbial community could attenuate biological and psychological comorbidities of excess weight. Objective: Our aim was to determine if Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation accentuated beneficial impact of weight loss on metabolic and cognitive health. Methods: This 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed biological markers of energy metabolism, eating behaviors and mood-related factors in 152 adults with overweight receiving L. rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation or placebo, that were also on a dietary intervention inducing a controlled weight loss. Results: Although probiotic supplementation did not potentiate the reduction in body weight or fat mass, a significant decrease in plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in the probiotic-supplemented group only. With respect to eating behaviors and mood-related factors, beneficial effects were either observed only in the group receiving probiotic supplementation or were significantly greater in this group, including decrease in binge eating tendencies, disinhibition and food-cravings. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of probiotic supplementation to induce beneficial metabolic and psychological outcomes in individuals with overweight undergoing weight loss.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02962583.
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Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Probióticos , Adulto , Humanos , Sobrepeso , Lacticaseibacillus , Conducta Alimentaria , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Método Doble Ciego , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Na intake and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on body composition. The study was also intended to assess whether Na intake and/or CRF mediate the genetic susceptibility to obesity. Analyses were performed on a sample of 526 adult participants from the Quebec Family Study for whom a complete data set was available for nutrient and energy intake, CRF and body composition variables. The effects of Na, CRF and their interaction were analysed by comparing sex-specific tertiles using general linear mixed models. In both males and females, we observed a significant effect of Na intake and CRF on all body composition variables. However, in females only, we found that the effect of Na intake on body composition variables varies according to CRF level such that high Na intake was associated with increased body fatness, but only in females with low CRF. This interaction effect remained significant after statistical adjustment for total sugar, fat and energy intake. Using mediation analysis, we also found Na intake and CRF to be significant mediators of the relationship between a polygenic risk score of obesity based on > 500 000 genetic variants and BMI or waist circumference. In conclusion, the current study shows that Na intake influences body composition via mechanisms that interact with aerobic fitness, especially in females. Furthermore, both Na intake and CRF seem to be involved in the expression of the genetic susceptibility to obesity.
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Capacidad Cardiovascular , Sodio en la Dieta , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Quebec , Índice de Masa Corporal , Obesidad/genética , Composición Corporal , Aptitud FísicaRESUMEN
The revised Canada's food guide released in 2019 promotes the consumption of plant-based protein foods (PBP). Yet, older adults consume little of them. This qualitative study aimed to identify older adults' beliefs about consuming PBP and to assess differences in beliefs by gender and baseline PBP consumption. Recruitment was done to obtain an equal number of men and women, 20 PBP-consumers and 40 non-consumers. Each participant completed an online questionnaire collecting sociodemographic data and took part in an individual semi-structured interview based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. A thematic analysis was performed using the Nvivo software. Health benefits, good taste and protecting the environment were perceived as advantages of consuming PBP, whereas difficulty digesting and not liking the taste were reported as disadvantages. Family members were frequently named as people who would approve and/or disapprove the consumption of PBP. Having more knowledge about PBP would facilitate consumption, while lack of motivation to change eating habits and lack of knowledge on how to prepare PBP meals were perceived barriers. Several differences in beliefs by gender and baseline PBP consumption were observed. Future interventions should focus on the beliefs that were identified as important to older adults (i.e., health benefits and food preparation skills), and should be tailored to their gender and PBP consumption.
Asunto(s)
Intención , Proteínas de Vegetales Comestibles , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Investigación Cualitativa , Masculino , Proteínas de Vegetales Comestibles/administración & dosificación , Dieta , Teoría del Comportamiento PlanificadoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Uncertainty remains regarding the causal effect of physical activity and sedentary behaviours on the development of type 2 diabetes in children. We aimed to estimate average treatment effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviours on risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals who are at risk during childhood and adolescence. METHODS: We used data from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort of children of western European descent (white non-Hispanic race or ethnicity) with a parental history of obesity (defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more, or a waist circumference of more than 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women) evaluated at the ages of 8-10 years (baseline), 10-12 years (first follow-up cycle), and 15-17 years (second follow-up cycle) in Québec, Canada. We measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time by accelerometry, and leisure screen time by questionnaire at each cycle. Outcomes included fasting and 2 h post-load glycaemia and validated indices of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. We estimated average treatment effects of MVPA, sedentary time, and screen time on markers of type 2 diabetes using longitudinal marginal structural models with time-varying exposures, outcomes, and confounders from the ages of 8-10 to 15-17 years and inverse probability of treatment and censoring weighting. We considered both the current and cumulative effects of exposures on outcomes. FINDINGS: 630 children were evaluated at baseline (age 8-10 years) between July, 2005, and December, 2008, 564 were evaluated at the first follow-up (age 10-12 years) between July, 2007, and March, 2011, and 377 were evaluated at the second follow-up (age 15-17 years) between September, 2012, and May, 2016. Based on cumulative exposure results, estimated average treatment effects for MVPA were 5·6% (95% CI 2·8 to 8·5) on insulin sensitivity and -3·8% (-7·1 to -0·5) on second-phase insulin secretion per 10 min daily increment from the ages of 8-10 years to age 15-17 years. Average treatment effects for sedentary time and reported screen time resulted in reduced insulin sensitivity (-8·2% [-12·3 to -3·9] and -6·4% [-10·1 to -2·5], respectively), increased second-phase insulin secretion (5·9% [1·9 to 10·1] and 7·0% [-0·1 to 14·7], respectively), and higher fasting glycaemia (0·03 mmol/L [0·003 to 0·05] and 0·02 mmol/L [0·01 to 0·03], respectively) per additional daily hour from the ages of 8-10 years to 15-17 years. INTERPRETATION: Using modern causal inference approaches strengthened the evidence of MVPA and sedentary behaviours as key drivers of development of type 2 diabetes in at-risk children and adolescents, and should be considered as key targets for prevention. FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Santé. TRANSLATION: For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.