[Increase of life span in mice under acute cooling and effects ofa preparation isolated from Laminaria saccharina]. / Uvelichenie prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni myshei pri ostrom okhlazhdenii pod vozdeistviem preparata, vydelennogo iz Laminaria Saccharina.

Efforts against cold is a significant problem during work in the Arctic. In experiments on grey mice it was demonstrated that drugs from Laminaria Saccarina increase life time of animals in cold temperature (-18 degrees C) by 61%.

[Condition of cell membranes in simulated motion sickness and use of alpha-tocopherol]. / Sostoianie kletochnykh membran pri modelirovanii bolezni dvizheniia i vvedenii al'fa-tokoferola.

The purpose of the work was to study the mechanism responsible for adaptive reorganization of membranes--lipid peroxidation during simulated motion sickness (MS) in animals. It was shown that during MS rats exhibited an elevation of the level of diene conjugates and Schiff foundations in the brain indicating lipid peroxidation activation. A similar increase of phospholipase A2 activity in the brain was noted. In the liver, myocardium and erythrocytes the above changes were insignificant. An antioxidant beta-tocopherol inhibited lipid peroxidation in the rat brain and possessed the vestibule-protective effect in cats that was presumably related to its membrane-stabilizing action.

[Effects of peptide-protein substances from the hydrobiontics in vestibulo-autonomic disorders in cats]. / Vliianie peptidno-belkovykh veshchestv iz gidrobiontov na vestibulo-vegetativnye rasstroistva u koshek.

We demonstrated earlier, that undecapeptide of hydra vulgaris possesses vestibulo-protective activities in cats. We also investigated potential of vestibulo-protective properties of other peptide-protein substances from hydrobiontics. The work was done on 18 cats. We used the model of L. A. Radkevich and K. B. Suri for generated vestibulo-vegetative disorders (VVD).

[Comparative influence of nootropic preparations on the emetic effect of morphine]. / Sravnitel'noe vliianie nootropnykh preparatov na émeticheskii éffekt morfina.

The effect of electroshock (ECS) and piracetam, oxiracetam or N-acetylglycinamide on the passive avoidance conditioned response in rats was studied. The antiemetic effect of the compounds was examined in cats as well. The results obtained allowed us to distinct the nootropic and antiemetic action of the drugs. The substances possessed a similar ability to prevent ECS-induced amnesia. On the contrary, oxiracetam completely prevented the emetic response to morphine at doses 100 times lower and piracetam at doses 10 times higher then those of the opioid. N-Acetylglycinamide had no antiemetic activity. The results obtained show that oxiracetam is 100 times more active in antiemetic test than piracetam. These data comprise the novel properties of nootropic drugs.

[Vestibulo-protective properties of regulatory peptides]. / O vestibuloprotektornykh svoistvakh nekotorykh reguliatornykh peptidov.

Endogenous opioid peptides take an active part in the pathogenesis of motion sickness (MS). Some regulatory peptides (substances P, gamma and des-tyr-gamma-endorphins) manifest antiemetic properties, unlike opioid peptides and morphine. Thus, we have examined the vestibulo-protective properties of some regulatory peptides during simulation of MS in cats. Vestibulo-protective properties have been discovered in some peptides: sweet water hydra undecapeptide, substances P, gamma and des-tyr-gamma-endorphins. It has been suggested that regulatory peptides take an active part in the genesis of vestibulo-protective disorders during motion sickness.

[Neuropharmacology of the autonomic vestibular syndrome]. / Neirofarmakologiia vestibulovegetativnogo sindroma.

It was found during studies on man and experiments on animals that various neuromediator systems of the organism (M-cholinergic, H1-histaminergic, dopaminergic, and opioidergic) are involved in the genesis of VVS. In addition, animal experiments showed that of great importance in the process are different regulatory peptides, in particular, substance P and beta-endorphin. The findings indicate that some neuropeptides may be used in the future in man for VVS prevention. At neuronal level the role of opioid peptides in realization of vestibulovegetative reactions is decoded and a number of possible mechanisms of their action is established. The study of the human hormonal status in VVS revealed complex neuroendocrine changes occurring in the organism. Based on the knowledge of some neurohormonal and neurochemical mechanisms of VVS pathogenesis, a new drug prevention and therapy of seasickness was proposed, efficacy of opioid antagonists naloxone and nalorphine was shown.

[Influence of piracetam on the effects of narcotic analgesics and opioid peptides]. / Vliianie piratsetama na éffekty narkoticheskikh anal'getikov i opioidnykh peptidov.

Piracetam possesses some properties not related to the nootropic activity. The purpose of the work was to study piracetam influence on effects of narcotic analgesics and opioid peptides at intracerebroventricular administration. In experiments on cats it was found that piracetam in a dose-dependent way prevented the emetic effect of morphine and leu-enkephalin. In experiments on rats (tail-flick test) piracetam was shown to be able of blocking the analgesic effect of fentanyl. Experiments on the study of the anticataleptogenic effect of piracetam also showed antagonism between piracetam and agonists of opioid receptors. Thus, it was shown on a number of models that piracetam exhibits antagonistic properties with respect of opioid peptides and narcotic analgesics.

[Role of opioid peptides in the pathogenesis of vestibulo-autonomic disorders]. / O roli opiodinykh peptidov v patogeneze vestibulo-vegetativnykh rasstroistv.

The study was carried out using 12 noninbred male cats and 14 white rats. In response to vestibulo-autonomic disorders the rats showed a decrease of beta-endorphin in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and hypothalamus as well as a reduction of met-enkephalin in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. The concentration of met-enkephalin in the adrenals increased and that of beta-endorphin in blood did not change. This may be attributed to the intraneuronal redistribution of opioids and their transfer to the pituitary or release into the cerebrospinal fluid. Opioid variations give evidence that vestibuloautonomic disorders in rats do not stimulate the pituitary-adrenal system. The cats were exposed to vestibulo-autonomic disorders and subsequent intracerebroventricular administration of regulatory peptides or injection of opiate receptor blockers into the chemoreceptor trigger zone. It was demonstrated that naloxone, gamma-endorphin and des-Tyr-gamma-endorphin were effective in protecting the vestibular function whereas ICI 154, 129 (a selective antagonist of delta-receptors) was practically ineffective.

[Functioning of the pituitary-adrenal system during the vestibulo-vegetative syndrome and administration of dalargin and nalorphine]. / Funktsionirovanie sistemy gipofiz-kora nadpochechnikov pri vestibulovegetativnom sindrome na fone vvedeniia dalargina i nalorfina.

Changes in ACTH, cortisol, beta-endorphin have been investigated during vestibulo-vegetative syndrome (VVS) and injections of dalargin (leu-enkephalin analog) and nalorphine (agonist-antagonist of opioid receptors) in 9 volunteers with low level vestibulo-vegetative stability. Cumulative coriolis acceleration test during rotations on a special chair was used for VVS modelling. Dalargin (1-4 mg), nalorphine (5 mg) and placebo (NaCl solution) were injected intravenously 5-15 min before rotation. A significant increase in ACTH, cortisol and beta-endorphin plasma levels has been observed. Mean positive linear correlation (r greater than +0.6) between ACTH and beta-endorphin and ACTH and cortisol was noted immediately after the test only when dalargin was injected. It is suggested that in VVS there develops a hormonal conflict, i. e. an adequate hormonal release is disturbed.

[Emetic and antiemetic properties of regulatory peptides]. / Ob émeticheskikh i antiémeticheskikh svoistvakh nekotorykh reguliatornykh peptidov.

Emetic and antiemetic properties of opioid peptides, substance "P", beta-lipotropin, and ACTH1-39 have been investigated in experiments on cats. It was shown that morphine, enkephalin, beta-endorphin and DADLE caused vomiting in animals, which was blocked by naloxone. Substance "P", gamma- and des-tyr-gamma-endorphin manifested antiemetic properties similar to those of naloxone. Selective antagonists of delta-opioid receptors ICI 154, 129 blocked emetic action of delta-agonist DADLE but did not prevent vomiting caused by mu-agonist morphine. It is suggested that the vomiting mechanisms of endogenous opioid peptides involve stimulation of mu- and delta-opioid receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the vomiting centre.