RESUMEN
Extensive evidence shows the beneficial effect of adhering to a regular physical activity (PA) pattern on brain health. However, whether the 'weekend warrior' pattern, characterized by concentrated moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) over 1-2 days, is associated with brain health is unclear. Here, we perform a prospective cohort study including 75,629 participants from the UK Biobank with validated accelerometry data. Individuals were classified into three PA patterns using current guideline thresholds: inactive (<150 min week-1 of MVPA), weekend warrior (≥150 min week-1 with ≥50% of total MVPA occurring within 1-2 days) and regularly active (≥150 min week-1 but not meeting weekend warrior criteria). We find that the weekend warrior pattern is associated with similarly lower risks of dementia, stroke, Parkinson's disease, depressive disorders and anxiety compared to a regularly active pattern. Our findings highlight the weekend warrior pattern as a potential alternative in preventive intervention strategies, particularly for those unable to maintain daily activity routines.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between device-measured and self-reported physical activity (PA) and incident common mental disorders in the general population. DESIGN AND SETTING: Large-scale prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Using the UK Biobank data, a validated PA questionnaire was used to estimate self-reported weekly PA in 365 656 participants between 2006 and 2010 while 91 800 participants wore wrist-worn accelerometers for 7 days in 2013-2015 to derive objectively measured PA. All the participants were followed up until 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidences of depression and anxiety were ascertained from hospital inpatient records. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the associations between subjectively and objectively measured PA and common mental disorders. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 16 589 cases of depression, 13 905 cases of anxiety and 5408 cases of comorbid depression and anxiety were documented in the questionnaire-based cohort. We found J-shaped associations of self-reported PA with incident risk of depression and anxiety, irrespective of PA intensities. The lowest risk for depression occurred at 550, 390, 180 and 560 min/week of light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), respectively. During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, a total of 2258 cases of depression, 2166 cases of anxiety and 729 cases of comorbid depression and anxiety were documented in the accelerometer-based cohort. We found L-shaped associations of device-measured MPA and VPA with incident depression and anxiety. MPA was adversely associated with incident depression and anxiety until 660 min/week, after which the associations plateaued. The point of inflection for VPA occurred at 50 min/week, beyond which there was a diminished but continued reduction in the risks of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION: Different patterns of associations between self-reported and device-measured PA and mental health were observed. Future PA guidelines should fully recognise this inconsistency and increasingly employ objectively measured PA standards.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous studies only focused on the individual social factors, without considering the overall social health patterns. The present study aimed to develop an integrated social health score (SHS) and investigate its associations with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer mortality. METHODS: A total of 330,716 participants (mean age 56.3 years; 52.4 % female) from UK Biobank was included between 2006 and 2010, and thereafter followed up to 2021. SHS was calculated by using information on social connections, social engagement and social support. Cox proportional hazards models was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between SHS and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and the 4-way decomposition was used to quantify the mediating effect of lifestyle factors. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 12.4 years, 37,897 death cases were recorded, including 4347 CVD and 10,380 cancer cases. The SHS was inversely associated with the risks of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality in a dose-dependent manner (P for trend <0.001). The association between SHS with all-cause mortality was mediated by lifestyle factors including diet score, smoking status and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION: Integrated SHS was inversely associated with risks of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality, and the associations were partially mediated by lifestyle factors. Our study highlights the importance of maintaining high levels of social health by jointly enhancing social involvement, expanding social networks, and cultivating enduring intimate relationships across the life course.