RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent studies report very low adherence of practitioners to ATS/IDSA recommendations for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), as well as a great variability of practices. Type of management could impact prognosis. METHODS: To evaluate management and prognosis of patients with NTM-PD cases with respect to ATS recommendations, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study (18 sentinel sites distributed throughout France), over a period of six years. We collected clinical, radiological, microbiological characteristics, management and outcome of the patients (especially death or not). RESULTS: 477 patients with NTM-PD were included. Respiratory comorbidities were found in 68% of cases, tuberculosis sequelae in 31.4% of patients, and immunosuppression in 16.8% of cases. The three most common NTM species were Mycobacterium avium complex (60%), M. xenopi (20%) and M. kansasii (5.7%). Smear-positive was found in one third of NTM-PD. Nodulobronchiectatic forms were observed in 54.3% of cases, and cavitary forms in 19.1% of patients. Sixty-three percent of patients were treated, 72.4% of patients with smear-positive samples, and 57.5% of patients with smear-negative samples. Treatment was in adequacy with ATS guidelines in 73.5%. The 2-year mortality was 14.4%. In the Cox regression, treatment (HR = 0.51), age (HR = 1.02), and M. abscessus (3.19) appeared as the 3 significant independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the adequacy between French practices and the ATS/IDSA guidelines. Treatment was associated with a better survival.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/microbiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/epidemiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Adhesión a Directriz/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Pulmonares/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/diagnóstico por imagen , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/terapia , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Distribución por Sexo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The detection of Listeria monocytogenes from food is currently carried out using a double enrichment. For the ISO methodology, this double enrichment is performed using half-Fraser and Fraser broths, in which the overgrowth of L. innocua can occur in samples where both species are present. In this study, we analyzed the induction of phages and phage tails of Listeria spp. in these media and in two brain heart infusion (BHI) broths (BHIM [bioMérieux] and BHIK [Biokar]) to identify putative effectors. It appears that Na2HPO4 at concentrations ranging from 1 to 40 g/liter with an initial pH of 7.5 can induce phage or phage tail production of Listeria spp., especially with 10 g/liter of Na2HPO4 and a pH of 7.5, conditions present in half-Fraser and Fraser broths. Exposure to LiCl in BHIM (18 to 21 g/liter) can also induce phage and phage tail release, but in half-Fraser and Fraser broths, the concentration of LiCl is much lower (3 g/liter). Low phage titers were induced by acriflavine and/or nalidixic acid. We also show that the production of phages and phage tails can occur in half-Fraser and Fraser broths. This study points out that induction of phages and phage tails could be triggered by compounds present in enrichment media. This could lead to a false-negative result for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food products.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Bacteriófagos/fisiología , Medios de Cultivo/química , Listeria/virología , Proteínas de la Cola de los Virus/metabolismo , Activación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Acriflavina/metabolismo , Cloruro de Litio/metabolismo , Ácido Nalidíxico/metabolismo , Fosfatos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an emerging pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. The multidrug resistance of these bacteria remains poorly understood. We have characterized in a clinical strain the first resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type multidrug efflux pump in this species: AxyABM. The inactivation of the transporter component axyB gene led to decreased MICs of cephalosporins (except cefepime), aztreonam, nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol.
Asunto(s)
Achromobacter denitrificans/efectos de los fármacos , Achromobacter denitrificans/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Achromobacter denitrificans/genética , Aztreonam/farmacología , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/química , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/metabolismo , Cefalosporinas/farmacología , Cloranfenicol/farmacología , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/química , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/genética , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/metabolismo , Ácido Nalidíxico/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Achromobacter xylosoxidans (AX) is a non-fermentative aerobic gram-negative bacillus. It is an opportunistic pathogen and the causative agent of various infections. We report an original case of late posttraumatic meningitis due to AX denitrificans. CASE REPORT: An 83-year-old man was hospitalized for acute headache, nausea and vomiting. The emergency brain computer tomography (CT) scan did not reveal any anomaly. In his medical history, there was an auditory injury due to a cranial trauma incurred in a skiing accident 60 years earlier. Cytobiochemical analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed increased levels of neutrophils and proteins. The CSF bacterial culture was positive: the Gram stain showed a gram-negative bacillus, oxidase + and catalase +, and the biochemical pattern using the API 20 NE strip revealed AX dentrificans. Late posttraumatic meningitis on a possible osteomeningeal breach was diagnosed even though the breach was not confirmed because the patient declined a second brain CT scan. The patient was successfully treated with meropenem. CONCLUSIONS: This report demonstrates the importance of searching for unusual or atypical organisms when the clinician encounters meningitis in a particular context, as well as the importance of adequate follow-up of craniofacial traumas.
Asunto(s)
Achromobacter denitrificans/fisiología , Meningitis/microbiología , Cráneo/patología , Heridas y Lesiones/patología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Cases of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection increased in France during the winter of 2004-05 in the absence of epidemiologic links between patients or strains. This increase represents transient amplification of a pathogen endemic to the area and may be related to increased prevalence of the pathogen in rodent reservoirs.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Infecciones por Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vigilancia de la Población , Población Rural , Estaciones del AñoAsunto(s)
Achromobacter denitrificans/enzimología , Fibrosis Quística/microbiología , beta-Lactamasas/biosíntesis , Achromobacter denitrificans/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Secuencia de Bases , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Humanos , Integrones , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Datos de Secuencia MolecularAsunto(s)
Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimología , beta-Lactamasas/clasificación , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , beta-Lactamasas/química , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Eighty-five extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from a Slovak hospital have been studied. SHV-2a was predominant, but other variants have been detected, namely, SHV-5, SHV-12, TEM-12, TEM-15, and TEM-132, which differed from TEM-1 by amino acid substitutions R164H, E240K, and I173V and had kinetic properties similar to those of TEM-28.