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In the recent times research towards solid state supercapacitors (SSS) have increased drastically due to the promising performance in futuristic technologies particularly in portable and flexible electronics like smart watches, smart fabrics, foldable smartphones and tablets. Also, when compared to supercapacitors using liquid electrolyte, solid electrolyte has several advantages like high energy density, safety, high cycle life, flexible form factor, and less environmental impact. The crucial factor determining the sustainability of a technology is the eco-friendliness since the natural resources are being exploited in a wide scale. Numerous studies have focused on biodegradable materials for supercapacitor electrodes, electrolytes, and other inactive components. Making use of these biodegradable materials to design a SSS enables the technology to sustain for a very long time since biodegradable materials are not only environment friendly but also, they show relatively high performance. This review focuses on recent progress of different biodegradable electrodes, and electrolytes along with their properties, electrochemical performance and biodegradable capabilities for SSS have been analyzed and provides a concise summary enabling readers to understand the importance of biodegradable materials and to narrow down the research in a more rational way.
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A variety of unique compounds have been examined to accommodate the current demand for useful multi-functional nanomaterials, copper-based quaternary CZTS semiconductors are one of them. Due to their special characteristic features like non-toxicity, cheap, and abundance, they have been recommended in recent literature for various applications. Apart from individual CZTS, different hetero-structures have also been prepared with different compounds which is well discussed and elaborated in this article. Additionally, their preparation methods, properties, and application viability have also been discussed comprehensively. The application of CZTS such as photocatalytic dye degradation and hydrogen evolution reaction has been elaborated on in this article identifying their benefits and challenges to give readers a thorough visualization. Apart from that, challenges reported in studies, a few approaches are also mentioned to possibly counter them.
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Attaining a sustainable environment has become a prime area of research interest, as it is an utmost necessity for a healthy life. Hence, ample studies have been carried out in adopting different processes and utilizing various materials to attain the goal. Herein, we present an exclusive discussion on one such material, i.e., polyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives. Being an intrinsic conducting type, it has grabbed more attention due to its durability in different doped/un-doped states, promptness in structural alteration, and solution processability. This review presents an exhaustive discussion on published reports showing utilization of PANI and its derivative in various forms like pure and composites, for cleaning the environment through adsorption, photodegradation, etc., and the various methods adopted in order to achieve an optimum operating condition to obtain the maximum outcome. In addition to these merits and demerits, various technical challenges faced with materials have been also presented. Therefore, it is expected that this piece of work, presenting the exhaustive discussion on PANI and; its derivatives would help to develop a better understanding of this excellent conducting polymer PANI and provide a state of art on the role of this material for attaining sustainable surroundings for the living beings.
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Contaminantes Ambientales , Adsorción , Compuestos de Anilina/química , FotólisisRESUMEN
Owing to the nanometer size range, Quantum Dots (QDs) have exhibited unique physical and chemical properties which are favourable for different applications. Especially, due to their quantum confinement effect, excellent optoelectronic characteristics is been observed. This considerable progress has not only uplifted the singular usage of QDs, but also encouraged to prepare various hybrid materials to achieve superior efficiency by eliminating certain shortcomings. Such issues can be overcome by compositing QDs with polymers. Via employing polymer composite with QDs (PQDs) for supercapacitor applications, adequate conductivity, stability, excellent energy density, and better specific capacitance is been achieved which we have elaborately discussed in this review. Researchers have already explored various types of polymer nanocomposite with different QDs such as carbonaceous QDs, transition metal oxide/sulphide QDs etc. as electrode material for supercapacitor application. Synthesis, application outcome, benefits, and drawbacks of these are explained to portray a better understanding. From the existing studies it is clearly confirmed that with using PQDs electrical conductivity, electrochemical reactivity, and the charge accumulation on the surface have prominently been improved which effected the fabricated supercapacitor device performance. More comprehensive fundamentals and observations are explained in the current review which indicates their promising scopes in upcoming times.
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The extreme degree of microplastics contamination and its negative impact on ecosystems has become a serious and emerging global concern. Microplastics are mainly generated from products that are used primarily in our everyday lives and are also generated from the fragmentation of larger plastic wastes. It easily penetrates the food chain and, when ingested by aquatic animals or humans, can pose serious health problems. Recently, several technologies have been developed to control the unrestricted spread of microplastics and possibly eradicate them; however, still under investigation. In this review, we have illustrated the types of microplastics, their harmful effect on living things, and the progress to degrade them to protect the environment and life on earth. Several promising and eco-friendly technologies including microbial and enzymatic approaches are enticing to eliminate the microplastics. Also, the photodegradation of microplastics contaminations appeals as a more fascinating approach. The metal oxide-assisted photodegradation of microplastics has also been taken into account. This work presented an impact on the comprehensive research for the effective degradation of different microplastic compositions as well as emerging green approaches for a sustainable environment and a healthier life.